Exercise therapy (physical therapy) program in kindergarten: exercises, classes, goals, objectives, forms, medical control

Why was physical therapy introduced in kindergartens?

Of course, you need to do therapeutic exercises with your child both at home and in specialized medical institutions. However, research shows that the greatest effect is achieved precisely by training in a kindergarten setting.

The main reasons encouraging the introduction of physical therapy in preschool educational institutions:

An increase in the number of children with congenital pathologies of various organs and systems;
Deterioration of environmental conditions that negatively affect the child’s body’s ability to adapt;
The child’s sedentary lifestyle, preference for games on electronic devices;
High workload of parents at work, lack of time to spend with children;
Low availability of medical care - remoteness of clinics and hospitals, strict work schedules, long queues.

Thus, kindergarten turns out to be the most accessible place where kids can regularly exercise and improve their health.

The importance of physical education in kindergarten for ordinary children and children with disabilities

For most children, physical education is an opportunity to become full-fledged members of society in the future. If you correctly engage in physical exercises with a preschool child with a problem that they understand, he will learn to interact with his peers, striving for his first achievements and development.

As for children with disabilities (Limited Health Opportunities), there is an individual approach for them, taking into account the following features:

correctional and compensatory work. It involves the selection of exercises, taking into account the main and possible associated ailments. In this case, it is customary to use an integrated approach that promotes the development of physical abilities;
preventive measures. This part is one of the most important, as it allows you to increase vitality, as well as health, improve overall well-being and strengthen the immune system;
psychology. Often the main reason for a child’s antisocial behavior is lack of self-confidence and self-confidence. As a result, the child does not understand his role in society and does not know how to interact with peers. Therefore, an integrated approach is designed to help the child overcome such problems;
physical education with children with disabilities in preschool educational institutions also includes educational upbringing. This means that all children with similar problems should be taught sports culture, as well as the rules of competition, which will help them gain the skills to work with other children in a team and subsequently make sports an integral part of their lives.

Note! The main exercises for children with disabilities include activities that are aimed at acquiring the most important everyday skills, which include fine motor skills of the hands, micro-orientation, and leg movements.
All these exercises are always based on provisions about the physical and psychological characteristics of the baby, as well as special methodological principles for working with each of them. For a child without disabilities, physical exercise also plays a very important role. Exercise not only promotes health, but also physical development. Physical education can help mental activity and also has a beneficial effect on the body as a whole. In this regard, educators take the following measures:

Morning work-out. It always has a beneficial effect on increasing performance and also improves well-being for the whole day.
Short bursts of physical exercise. They are designed to relieve fatigue and increase mental capacity in order to relieve the child from the feeling of overwork.
Various types of hardening with parental permission. Holding physical education holidays, which are designed not only to improve well-being, but also to promote physical development, have a positive effect on the emotional state of the child, which in the future will help him perceive physical exercise as a way to improve his mood.
In addition to morning exercises, this includes such types as finger, articulation and breathing.
For each group, special physical activity regimes are always compiled, in which, in addition to organized varieties of physical education exercises, independent outdoor games are included in the daily routine of preschoolers, taking into account their individual and age-related characteristics.

What goals and objectives are being achieved?

The primary goal of introducing a program of exercise therapy in kindergartens is: treatment and prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory systems, and general improvement of the child’s health.

Program objectives:

Regulation of the heart, lungs, nervous system, normalization of vascular tone;
Strengthening the muscle frame;
Development and consolidation of the correct stereotype of movements;
General strengthening effect on the child’s body;
Increased endurance;
Improving the sense of balance, coordination of movements;
Raising in children an adequate attitude towards physical education and a healthy lifestyle.

Note!
Research shows that regular exercise helps fight hyperactivity, makes children diligent and less aggressive, as they channel excess energy into useful channels.

Standard sets of exercises

If a child constantly exercises, his appetite and activity increase throughout the day. All exercises are selected in such a way as to affect the muscles of the spine, neck, lower back, shoulders, limbs and pelvis. The main goal pursued by educators is to influence the strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, as well as the prevention of diseases such as scoliosis.

It is best to do exercises in the fresh air, which is what all educators try to do in the warm seasons, and in winter a ventilated room is well suited, usually a sports or music room. Gymnastics along with hardening have a very good effect on a child’s body. In the future, this has a positive effect on the baby’s immune system and resistance to many diseases.

The set of exercises includes three stages:

introductory part. Exercises (rotations of the head, circular movements of the arms, turns of the torso, bending);
basic exercises. Stretching the muscles of the arms, legs and back, squats with gradually increasing repetitions, push-ups (if possible);
final part. Light jogging with a step, shaking the muscles to relax.

The first stage includes various types of walking, as well as running, which are necessary to gradually activate different muscle groups. Next, you can begin exercises that will help strengthen and strengthen muscles, as well as joint mobility, posture and coordination. As for the final part, this usually includes some types of gymnastics and moderate walking.

Some features of conducting classes in preschool educational institutions

Therapeutic gymnastics classes in preschool educational institutions are recommended to be carried out at least 2 times a week. The duration of training for children under 5 years old is 20-25 minutes, for 5-7 year old children - 30-35 minutes. The lesson consists of 3 parts:

Introductory – 5-7 min. Organizing children before training - conversations about health and the benefits of exercise therapy, short play or dance exercises.
Main – 15-20 min. Performing a set of exercises aimed at strengthening various organs and systems, including gymnastic elements with sports equipment.
Final – 3 min. Smooth return of children to a state of rest - sedentary games, breathing exercises, self-massage of the feet.

In addition to complex exercise therapy classes twice a week, it is necessary to maintain children’s physical activity at a high level every day: conduct physical education sessions, finger exercises, and outdoor and indoor games.

When planning training – both for adults and children – the following recommendations are taken into account:

You need to increase the load gradually, increasing the number of repetitions and the total number of exercises.
Tasks are selected in accordance with the age and physical condition of the child.
Classes should be held regularly, evenly distributed throughout the week.
Each exercise is repeated several times to develop the correct dynamic stereotypes.
Complex elements should be alternated with relatively simple ones, with relaxation exercises.
Every 2-3 weeks it is advisable to adjust the gymnastic complex and update the exercises.
It is important to monitor the condition of children during classes. If one of the kids cannot cope with the loads, then the complex should be made easier for him. There is no need to force preschoolers to exercise to the limit of their physical capabilities - this will cause a disruption in compensation.

Physical education classes: tasks, structure, types

Lyubov Fedorova

Physical education classes: tasks, structure, types

Physical education classes . Objectives , structure and types of classes . Ways to organize children.

Physical education classes are the main form of organized systematic teaching of physical exercises.

This form of work is leading for the formation of correct motor skills and abilities, creating favorable conditions:

• to master general provisions and patterns when performing physical exercises,

• promotes the development of children's versatile abilities.

Educational physical education classes simultaneously with all children make it possible to ensure conscious assimilation of the material, to lead children to generalizations related to the mastery of motor actions and their use. Without generalization, it is impossible to transfer correct execution to other situations.

Objectives of physical education classes:

1. classes allow you to teach preschoolers to independently create conditions for physical activity;

2. lead children to independently perform complex motor actions;

3. form and develop self-organization skills in the use of various movements and cultivate interest and desire for active actions, thereby providing the basis for interesting and meaningful activities in everyday life;

4. the more exciting and meaningful the activities , the richer the child’s motor experience, the more prerequisites for ensuring a high motor regime during the day, which is necessary to satisfy the growing body’s need for movement;

5. classes contribute to the development of learning activity skills in preschoolers:

o they teach children to remember the plan of action and be guided by it during physical exercises;

o develop value judgments in children: achieving good results in front of all children instills confidence in the child and creates a joyful mood, awareness of their abilities and capabilities in realizing common interests, and shared joy is double joy.

Successful solution of educational problems is possible only if the requirements for the health-improving orientation of physical education classes :

1. ensuring high physical activity of children;

2. compliance with scientifically based loads on all organs and systems of the child allows for an effect in his physical development and health promotion;

3. passing and mastering program material in a certain sequence;

4. repetition and consolidation, as necessary, of motor actions;

5. dosed physiological load, and its gradual increase, which helps to increase the body’s endurance;

6. preparing the body to perform complex movements, allowing to prevent injuries when performing them;

7. teaching children to listen to the teacher’s instructions;

8. performing movements simultaneously by the whole group, which forms their activity, fosters a conscious attitude towards the exercises being carried out, the ability to listen to the end and act in accordance with a given plan or creatively carry out proposed tasks .

Structure of physical education classes

In the manual by T. I. Osokina, a physical education lesson is three-part, consisting of an introductory, main (general developmental exercises, basic movements and outdoor game)

and the final part.

Let's look at the objectives and content of each part of the lesson . In the introductory session, as in other parts of the lesson tasks are solved first of all :

• learning drill exercises;

• mastering different ways of walking and running;

• consolidation of simple learned movements (jumps with forward movement on one and two legs)

;

• use of leading exercises for successful mastery of complex movements included in the lesson ;

• development of reaction speed and activation of children's attention;

• development of dynamic orientation in space;

• involvement of various organs and systems in an ever-increasing physiological load;

• warming up the foot and preventing flat feet.

In the main part, with the help of general developmental exercises, other tasks :

• the teacher must ensure the formation of correct posture;

• help prepare the child’s body for the load, in order to warm up various parts of the body with the help of certain exercises, which will prevent injuries and ensure the best result in performing the movement;

• use lead-in exercises to create conditions for successful mastery of the movements being learned.

Basic movements are included for initial learning, consolidation, improvement and ensuring sufficient physiological load for the development of certain physical qualities.

The final part provides for a transition from intense activity to calm activity, a reduction in physiological load, so that within 2-4 minutes after the lesson the child’s pulse returns to its original state. This is achieved by including sedentary games and walking at different paces.

The duration of all classes in the junior group is 5-20 minutes, in the middle group - 20-25 minutes, in the senior group - 25-30 minutes, in the preparatory group - up to 35 minutes.

Types of physical education activities

The types of physical education activities are characterized by great diversity.

I. By content:

1. gymnastics and outdoor games,

2. training in sports exercises and elements of sports games,

3. development of orientation;

4. hiking activities (elementary tourism)

II.On the use of working methods:

Mixed-type classes occupy a large place in kindergartens (when one lesson involves learning some exercises and consolidating and improving others);

2. game type of activities ;

3. plot type of classes ;

4. the lesson may also involve only consolidation and improvement of movements;

5. control type of classes (the teacher determines the level of mastery of the material for the quarter, half-year, year).

At the same time the structure of physical education classes does not change ; they differ in content objectives , selection of exercises and form of delivery.

Ways to organize children in class

The effectiveness of teaching physical exercises is ensured through various ways of organizing children. When performing movements, these methods influence the number of repetitions in the allotted time, provide teacher control over the process of mastering the material, create conditions for conscious mastery of the structural components of movement and allow children to learn not only from the teacher, but also from their peers.

In physical education classes, a frontal method of organization is used, in which all children simultaneously perform the same movement. This method allows, in the time allocated by the teacher, to ensure a sufficiently high repeatability, which contributes to the rapid formation of temporary connections, the achievement of high activity of each child and sufficient physical activity when performing any movement. But at the same time, the teacher cannot keep all the children in sight; switching to teaching some, he does not see the actions of others. Therefore, when a movement is repeated many times, the child may perform it incorrectly and subsequently will have to make corrections to it. The child does not have the opportunity to observe the actions of other students. This method is quite suitable for forming an initial idea of a new movement, for mastering the initial actions with some new aid (ball, hoop, bag, etc., when orientation in execution is created. For example, the frontal initial execution of crawling under a cord in the junior group, mastering purposeful actions with the ball, jumping in place, etc., throwing and catching the ball, rolling the ball to the opposite side, jumping rope (in the middle group)

etc. It is advisable to perform movements frontally not only at the stage of initial learning, but also at the stage of consolidation and improvement.
It should be borne in mind that the frontal method is applicable only to movements that do not require protection from injury, and is used in all parts of physical education classes .
To perform physical movements, students can be divided into groups, i.e., a group method of organizing children is used. At the same time, each group, as a rule, practices certain movements, so the number of children in one exercise is significantly reduced. After some time, the subgroups change places, and this allows you to move on to actions on different apparatus, which increases interest in the lesson . With this method, an opportunity is created for in-depth learning of movements by one subgroup, while other subgroups at this time perform mastered movements to consolidate them or in complicated conditions. The advantages of this method are the creation of favorable conditions for detailed assimilation: a small number of children allows for a sufficient number of repetitions for successful mastering the exercise, the child has the opportunity to hear the instructions of an adult relating to him and other children; a short break between repetitions, on the one hand, is sufficient to restore strength, and on the other hand, temporary connections are successfully formed and there are conditions for observing other children performing the exercise.

Children perform familiar physical exercises without the direct supervision of a teacher, which develops their independence in using learned movements, self-control and self-esteem. This movement is included in the child’s motor experience. The group method creates favorable conditions for learning the component elements of movement. However, if a new movement or method of performing it is learned during a lesson , then a movement that requires backup cannot be taken for consolidation.

A variation of this method is the shift method, when children perform one movement in shifts (3-4 people at the same time, balance exercise on four aids, jumping off a bench, etc.

The flow method involves performing physical exercises one after another, moving from one movement to another. At the same time, some children finish a movement and move on to the next one, while others are just starting to perform the first. This method ensures almost continuity of actions, develops the flexibility of skills in children, the ability to move directly to performing other movements, and develops the ability to combine movements. However, learning a new physical exercise using this method is difficult, since the muscle sensations that arose when performing this movement for the first time are then erased when performing familiar motor actions, and when approaching the reproduction of the learned movement again, the child makes mistakes. At the same time, he is deprived of the opportunity to learn from his peers, as he is busy performing his movement.

This method successfully solves the problems of consolidating and improving movements.

There is an individual way of organization, when children perform one movement in order of priority. In this case, it is easy for the teacher to assess the quality of each child’s movement and make individual instructions. At this time, other Children observe the actions of each person performing the exercise and perceive comments. An individual method provides a safety net to prevent injuries. At the same time, taking turns reduces children’s activity, monotony leads to monotony, and hence to children’s distraction from the learning process. Such an organization does not allow for a sufficient number of repetitions for assimilation, reduces the physiological load, and also creates a long break between repetitions.

Often, during a lesson resorts to a combination of these methods of organizing children when performing physical exercises. So, within the group method, some movements are carried out individually (running high jumps, somersaults, etc., and others - in shifts (pull-ups on a bench, balance exercises, crawling, etc.)

. A similar combination is used in the in-line method.

Stepanenkova E. Ya. Theory and methodology of physical education and child development: Textbook. aid for students higher textbook establishments / Emma Yakovlevna Stepanenkova. — 2nd ed., rev. — M.: Publishing House

, 2006. - 368 s.

What forms of classes are used

Since it can be difficult to get a child to play sports, instructors in kindergartens come up with unusual and interesting forms of training.

Children under 5 years old

To interest your child in training, it is best to conduct it in a playful way, while simultaneously telling some fascinating story or fairy tale. For example, while doing exercises, children can imagine that they are picking mushrooms and berries, swimming on the sea, flying with their wings spread, jumping like bunnies.

For children, activities using sports equipment - balls, hoops, fitballs, gymnastic mats - are of particular interest. To prevent flat feet, it is useful for children 2-3 years old to walk in socks on massage mats and ribbed paths. Children 4-5 years old are recommended to roll balls with their feet and walk on their toes and heels.

Workouts are more fun with music that creates a cheerful mood and improves your mood.

Up to 5-7 years

Children of older preschool age already have access to more complex gymnastic elements, rope training, and wall bars. You can include a competitive element in training, conduct relay races, and team games. Running, squats, stretching, and simple acrobatic exercises are required.

Dance gymnastics is very popular in older groups. The exercises are performed synchronously, to the music, in the rhythm of the dance.

Activities in the pool are also useful for children. Not only swimming, but also water aerobics and ball games.

Types of sports elements in kindergarten

Conventionally, the sports load in kindergarten can be divided into the following categories:

General developmental exercises in kindergarten are based on a set of developmental tasks. This may include:
breathing practice;
ball exercises;
tasks for different types of motor activity with and without different objects;
movements with a hoop.
Health-improving exercisesAimed at improving and strengthening the body of a preschool child. Here we can highlight:
stretching exercises;
hardening procedures, barefoot physical education;
visiting the swimming pool;
elements to strengthen the muscles of the back and abdomen.
Dance and sports directionHelps to identify the child’s inclinations for one or another type of sports activity. In kindergarten you can find:
aerobics;
gymnastics
Play activitiesThis includes everything that helps preschoolers develop physically through play:
basketball;
volleyball;
team games;
competitive games.

It is also worth setting aside time for children to independently master sports elements. This usually happens outdoors, on a playground with slides, swings, etc., or indoors, where there is a sports corner with additional hanging equipment.

General developmental exercises in kindergarten

Depending on the goal, you can develop various sets of general developmental exercises for children of different ages. Morning exercises or physical education, breathing practice or elements with a hoop, exercises with balls or other objects. You can come up with your own program for both toddlers and older children.

Physical complex for morning exercises

The following set of exercises can be suggested as morning exercises:

Stretch Children stand in a circle, rise on their toes and stretch upward with straight arms. With an exhalation, the arms return to the starting position through the sides, the soles of the feet fully touch the floor. You can do it on the spot, or you can take a step to the side, moving between the stretches in a circle.
Pendulum You can also form a circle, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, and place your hands on your waist. Do versatile head tilts.
Doll We include the shoulders in the work. To do this, place your arms along your body. Raise your right shoulder first, then your left.
Tumbler We sit on the floor, pull our legs towards ourselves and clasp them with our hands. From this position we do versatile rolls.
Top We stand on our feet, placing them shoulder-width apart. We jump on two legs, alternating jumping with walking. You can alternate elements in a circular motion.

Breathing practice

It is important to teach kindergarteners to do breathing practice. It is necessary after each set of exercises. In addition, this practice is an excellent prevention of diseases of the throat and nose.

To stir up interest, you can give each element a fun name, for example:

We blow bubbles - take a deep breath through our nose, puffing out our cheeks, then slowly exhale through our slightly open mouth.
Pump - we stand up and put our hands on our belts, inhale and squat a little, and exhale we straighten up. The goal is to gradually make your squats lower and your inhalations and exhalations deeper.
Chicken - we stand up and bend down, hanging our arms freely, playing the role of wings, and lowering our head. With an exhalation, we pat ourselves on the knees and say “so-so-so”, with an inhalation we straighten up and raise our arms up.
Watch - stand up straight, feet shoulder-width apart, arms down. We swing our straight arms back and forth, while saying “tick-tock.”
Trumpeter - sit down and fold your raised hands into a tube. While exhaling slowly we say “p-f-f”.

Movements with the ball

With the ball you can also come up with a huge number of exercises for different kindergarten groups:

standing, we take the ball in both hands and lower them down, lifting the ball over our heads while rising on our toes;
we transfer the ball from one straight hand to another in the starting position - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides, the ball is in one of the hands;
we sit on the floor, crossing our legs, placing the ball on the right side of the floor, rolling the ball in front of us in the other direction;
we jump on two legs with a ball in our hands;
we throw the ball up, throw it from one hand to the other.

A complex of different elements with and without objects

With cubes
We sit on the floor, take the cubes in our hands and bend them at the elbows. Raise your legs up and hit the cubes under your knees.
We jump with cubes, spreading our arms in different directions.
With checkboxes
We spread our legs wide, stretch our arms forward with the flags. We turn to one side, moving our hand back and following the flag with our eyes. Repeat with the other hand.
The starting position is the same, we raise our hands with flags up. We bend down, the flags stretch to the floor.
No items
We squat down and hug our knees with our hands. We straighten up, standing on our tiptoes and raising our arms up.
We lie on the floor on our backs with straight legs and arms located along the body. We clasp our head with our hands and press it to our knees pulled up to our stomach. We curl up into a ball in this way.

Movements with a hoop

A hoop can also diversify children's fitness, adding interest and benefit to exercise:

We stand up and hold the hoop below. Raise the hoop forward, then up, then forward and down again.
Feet shoulder-width apart, clasp the hoop on the sides and press it to the chest. We turn the body in one direction, extend straight arms in the same direction. Repeat on the other side.
The starting position is the same. We squat, bringing the hoop forward.
Keep the hoop down. We lift it forward and bend over, looking into the hoop. We linger for a few seconds in this position. The back is straight.
We stand near the hoop. We begin to jump around the inventory.

Wellness practice

Health-improving exercises play a huge role in fitness for preschoolers. After all, the groundwork for the rest of your life is laid precisely from childhood. Particular attention here should be paid to exercises that prevent the development of flat feet, stretching and strengthening elements.

Elements that prevent flat feet

The foot is the foundation of the entire body, so flat feet should not be taken lightly. And if we take into account that the formation of the musculoskeletal system occurs over a period of up to 6 years, then it is recommended to prevent flat feet at this age.

We offer the following set of exercises aimed at preventing flat feet:

We sit on a chair, place a massage ball under one foot and roll it back and forth and in a circle. Repeat with the other leg. The back is straight.
We squat in a frog pose, hands on knees, heels together:
we rest our hands on the floor behind our backs and, sliding the outside of our feet, bend and straighten our legs;
Raise your legs and start tapping your feet.
We sit on a chair with a straight back, holding its edge with our hands:
we walk on our toes back and forth;
we take a handkerchief and try to grab it with one foot;
transfer the scarf from one foot to the other.
The starting position is the same. Hands on the belt. Draw a circle on the floor with the toe of one foot. Repeat with the other leg.
We sit on the floor, arms supported behind us, legs bent, feet together, back straight. We raise our legs and press our feet into each other.
The starting position is the same. We alternately draw pictures in the air with our toes.

Important! The entire complex is carried out without shoes, additionally providing hardening.

Stretching in kindergarten

Stretching is designed to gently stretch the muscles. In order for the elements to be performed smoothly, without jerks, calm music is used in kindergarten.

The training complex can include the following stretching elements:

we stand up, arms along the body, toes in different directions, heels next to each other - we rise onto our toes with straight arms, stretching upward as much as possible;

the starting position is the same - when lifting, we stretch our arms in different directions, fixing ourselves in this position;
feet parallel, legs at shoulder level - raise our arms and sit down without lifting our feet from the floor;
lie on the floor on your stomach, clasp your ankles with your hands, raise your head and raise your shoulders and chest, if possible, raise your stomach;
the starting position is the same, arms along the body, legs straight - bend one leg, leaving the foot on the floor, repeat with the other leg.

Elements for strengthening the muscles of the back and abdomen

You can strengthen your core muscles in kindergarten using exercise equipment such as a horizontal bar, fitball, health discs, expanders, and abdominal benches.

The following elements perform well:

hanging on the horizontal bar - stretches the back, simultaneously strengthening it;
pull-ups on the horizontal bar and hanging leg raises;
passing a fitball while lying on your back from your arms to your legs and vice versa;
crunches on a fitball or abdominal bench;
gluteal bridge on a fitball and so on.

And if a wall bars with attachments are installed in the kindergarten, then there should be no problems with strengthening training at all. Preschoolers themselves will find activities to their liking, using the hanging equipment to their advantage.

Dance and sports direction

This is probably the most interesting area of fitness in kindergarten. Thus, the following types of activities can be distinguished:

Aerobics Includes all aerobic elements that fill the body with oxygen. Dancing movements, jumping, running - all these cyclical movements stimulate the functioning of the cardiac and respiratory systems and give a great mood.
Rhythmic gymnastics A variation of the usual gymnastics, but with an emphasis on intense motor activity. A wide range of movements helps improve coordination abilities and motor memory.
Logorhythmics A very interesting direction that combines physical elements with the pronunciation of sounds and their derivatives. Here, in addition to physical development, speech development occurs.
Animal aerobics Another type of activity, fun and entertaining, combines aerobics with movements that imitate the behavior of animals.
Step aerobics Rhythmic movements to lively music on step platforms. This is where fine motor skills, balance and physical strength are developed.

An approximate complex of exercise therapy in kindergarten

In this section you can familiarize yourself with a sample training program for preschool children. All tasks are completed 5-7 times.

Exercises for children up to 2-3 years old:

Extend your arms above your head, spread your legs shoulder-width apart. Perform bending movements without changing the position of your arms.
Hands on the waist, feet shoulder-width apart. Do squats, simulating picking mushrooms, flowers, etc.
From the previous starting position, perform upward jumps.
Lie on your back and begin the “Bicycle” exercise, simulating pressing the pedals with your feet.
From a lying position on your back with your arms extended along your torso and legs straight, roll over onto your stomach, and then return to the starting position.

Tasks for children 4-5 years old:

Stand straight, put your hands on your waist, feet shoulder-width apart. Turn your body to the right and left, while simultaneously spreading your arms to the sides.
From the previous starting position, jump high and at the same time turn around your own axis.
In a standing position, take a gymnastic ball, keep your hands with the ball down. Perform squats while pulling the ball forward.
Catch the ball with one hand. Stretch your arms in front of you and transfer the ball from one palm to the other.
Sit cross-legged on the floor, lean forward, stretching your arms in front of you and slapping them on the floor.

Gymnastics for preschoolers 6-7 years old:

Place your feet shoulder-width apart and lower your arms along your body. Lean forward, alternately trying to grab the heel of your right and left foot with your hands.
Stretch your arms in front of your chest. Alternately raise your right and left leg bent at the knee, while at the same time spreading your straight arms to the sides.
Stand facing the wall, place your outstretched palms on it. Lean forward, moving your palms along the wall, and straighten up in the same way.
Without moving away from the wall, place your hands on your waist. Alternately raise your right and left legs, touching the wall with the sole of your foot.
Turn your back to the wall, approaching it closely, spread your arms to the sides, touching your palms to the wall. Bring your arms straight in front of your chest so that they cross like scissors. Either the right or the left hand should be at the top - in turn.

Advice!
It is necessary to ensure that children do not approach classes formally, but try to perform each element correctly: watch their posture, breathing, and the position of their arms and legs.

A set of physical exercises for preschoolers

The benefits of playing sports:

during physical exercise, the human body accelerates metabolic processes, as a result of which fat cells are intensively burned;
sport helps strengthen the immune system, especially against viral and colds;
sport has a positive effect on the human spine, developing correct healthy posture;
Constant sports activities help strengthen the muscle frame, improve bone tissue, oxygen flows much more easily to all muscles, thereby improving cellular metabolism and lipid metabolism;
Thanks to sports, the condition of the cardiovascular system improves;
sport has a beneficial effect on the human nervous system;
Active activities improve children's attention and cognitive abilities.

Playing sports at home

You can develop your child’s ability to follow basic rules, coordinate movements and navigate space through exercises at home. Morning exercises are the key to vivacity and good mood for the whole day! Simple, understandable, enjoyable exercises for the child allow you to develop dexterity, coordination and muscle strength.

The duration of morning exercises depends on the age of the child

for children 1-2 years old, the duration of one lesson should be about 5-8 minutes,
for 3-4 years - 10-15 minutes
for 5-6 years - 15-20 minutes

Cloth

You should carefully consider the choice of clothes and shoes for classes. At home, you don’t have to wear shoes when charging, but be sure to leave on your socks. You should avoid large seams, buttons or other objects that can rub and create inconvenience during active movement.

Spacious place to study

Carefully inspect the exercise area. Remove all unnecessary items and secure corners. It’s good if there is enough space in the room where the charging is carried out for a short jog. You can use the corridor and run “along the edge” of the carpet.

Your health. 5-6 years (stickers included)

The manual “Your Health” for children 5-6 years old is included in the educational complex “Steps to School”, which presents a unique system for the development of school-related functions and preparing children for school.
The tasks in the manual will introduce the preschooler to the rules of hygiene, the basics of balanced nutrition, and will help to understand the importance of maintaining a daily routine and physical education. Corresponds to the federal state educational standard for preschool education. Buy

What does charging consist of?

A small child is unlikely to like traditional exercises, so parents will have to use their imagination and make exercise a fun, exciting game.
You should not force children to perform this or that movement over and over again, turning the lesson into a boring lesson. The main and most correct form of physical education is play. You can turn on fun background music, come up with interesting names for exercises, or add toys to your activities. The morning gymnastics complex can be divided into three main parts:

Warm-up
Main complex
Final stage

Warm-up

The most important rule is “do no harm
.
Before you begin, be sure to encourage your child to warm up. Let him walk a little in place (stepping from foot to foot), then run (either in place or around the room), and wave his arms. Together with your child, go through all the given movements, show how to perform them correctly using your example
. While marching, it’s time to start telling the idea of the gymnastics complex (Saving the planet of gummy bears, Completing a quest from a toy dinosaur), poems or stories encouraging them to exercise.

Main complex

When the child has already warmed up the muscles well, you can begin the main exercises of the complex. The basic exercises of the main part are aimed at developing the muscles of the whole body, improving joint mobility, and acquiring spatial orientation skills. Correct execution allows you to form and maintain posture, strengthen the body, and strengthen the immune system.

Final stage

At the end of the exercise, invite the baby to run and dance again.
The morning gymnastics complex should end with a calm activity: you need to return your breathing to normal and gradually relax your muscles. We will give examples of exercises that make up a daily set of classes. You can use them all, or you can test them and choose those that your child likes.

Exercises for arms and shoulders

“Reaching for the sun”
- we take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, arms extended along the body. As you inhale, the arms rise up and the child stands on tiptoes. As you exhale, lower your arms down and your legs stand completely on your feet.
“Let’s say hello to the toes”
- take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, arms to the sides. Alternately, as you exhale, the child leans toward his toes, trying to reach as far as possible with his hands.
“Mill”
- we take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart. Bend forward, arms to the sides. Alternately, one hand reaches to the floor, the second rises up.
“Applause”
- the child walks around the room, clapping his hands, spreading his arms as far as possible to train the shoulder girdle. Alternately makes a clap in front, above the head, behind the back.

Leg exercises

“Invisible chair”
- we take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, arms in front of him. We do slow squats. Depending on your age, choose the “depth” of the squat.
“Topotushki”
- the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, hands on his belt. Walking on toes, heels, on the back and inside of the foot.
“Walking Heron”
- feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the belt. Walking with high knees. You can accompany it with the cheerful cries of a heron and other birds.
“Labyrinth”
- several objects are displayed in a row, in turn, in pairs with “gates”. The child moves between objects, trying not to touch or miss the “gate”.

Exercises for the torso

“Swimmer’s start”
- we take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, his hands clasped behind his back. As you inhale, bend forward and raise your arms. As you exhale, return to the starting position. For kids, the exercise can be renamed “Rook” or “Penguin”, while bending over, pretending to look for worms or looking at footprints in the snow.
“Spiral”
- we take the starting position: the child stands with his feet shoulder-width apart, hands on his belt. Alternately turn the torso in different directions without lifting your legs off the floor. You can complicate the exercise by adding a hand stretching in the direction of the turn.
“Seal”
- the child lies on his back, arms extended above his head. As you inhale, roll onto your stomach. On exhalation - return back. Perform alternately over the left and right shoulders. Watch a National Geographic video with your child so that you can crawl and clap your “flippers” like real seals!
“Bunny”
- standing position, heels together, toes apart. Hands crossed on shoulders. We jump on the spot. We complicate the exercise by jumping around objects.

Let's stretch

“Kitty”
- the child gets on all fours, head down. When inhaling, the head rises, the body bends as much as possible. As you exhale, return to the starting position. Meowing is allowed!
“Hide and seek”
- the child sits on the floor, buttocks should touch the heels. We lean forward, trying to touch our knees with our stomach, and don’t forget to stretch our arms. You can play a game: we are being watched by harmful birds, and we are the cute superheroes. You need to stay close to the ground so that no one notices.
“Flexible bush”
- the child stands straight, legs together. Raise your arms and join your palms above your head. We bend in the chest and tilt the body back. It is necessary to avoid a strong deflection in the lower back.
“Birch tree in the wind”
- the child stands straight, arms raised above his head, fingers clasped. We stretch up and bend first in one direction and then in the other.

We explore the properties of objects. Benefit for children 5-7 years old. Tutorial

The manual presents tasks aimed at developing in a 5-7 year old child the skills to understand the world, study the properties and relationships of objects and phenomena, find, remember, compare, juxtapose objects, and conduct simple analysis.
Gradually increasing the complexity of tasks contributes to the development of memory, imagination, and thinking. Buy
IMPORTANT
: if a child has health problems, physical therapy classes are recommended. Therapeutic exercise is a set of physical and breathing exercises that has a general health and therapeutic effect. To select appropriate exercises, contact your therapist or teacher.

Daily exercise for your child will be an excellent helper in self-organization and self-discipline, will help increase the body's resistance to viral attacks, and improve mood and increase energy.

We wish you good mood and health!

Medical control

Medical monitoring is carried out to identify positive dynamics in the baby’s condition and assess the adequacy of physical activity. It is carried out several times throughout the year. Types of medical control:

Preliminary. Usually carried out in September to assess the initial level of athletic training and physical development of the child.
Periodic. It is performed several times throughout the year to determine whether the loads are selected correctly and whether there is a need to introduce additional elements into the training program.
Final. As a rule, it is held in May-June. Allows you to determine the effectiveness of classes, the presence of a positive effect of exercise therapy, and the pace of physical development.

Peculiarities!
Not all kindergartens in the state have a pediatrician. In this case, intermediate examinations can be carried out by a preschool nurse.

Medical control involves assessing the following parameters:

Posture, spine mobility;
Strength of the muscles of the back, abdomen, limbs;
Coordination of movements, maintaining balance;
Presence/absence of flat feet (using plantography);
State of the cardiovascular system – pulse, blood pressure, presence of arrhythmia;
Level of physical endurance;
Harmony of physical development, increase in height and weight;
State of the emotional sphere.

Benefits of physical therapy

Exercise therapy has a number of advantages over other therapeutic and preventive measures:

Public availability, it practically does not require financial investments;
Suitable for both healthy babies and children with pathologies of various organs and systems;
It has no contraindications except for the acute period of an infectious disease;
Easy to perform, does not require special skills;
Has a complex effect on the body;
Affects not only physical development, but also the psycho-emotional sphere;
The gymnastic complex can be changed at any time in accordance with the needs of a particular child.

Basic rules of fitness in kindergarten

Children's fitness must be divided into age groups. A number of exercises for older preschoolers are not suitable for toddlers. It is also necessary to allocate different times for studying. For example, for younger kindergarteners, training should not last more than 20-25 minutes; in the middle group, training can last half an hour, and in the older group - 35 minutes.

Classes must be conducted under the supervision of a teacher. Before training, it is necessary to check the well-being of the participants and make sure that they have changed into sportswear and shoes.

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