Open educational lesson “Where the book came to us”

ABC School

Objectives: to introduce children to the process of making a book; cultivate a sense of caring for books.

Class progress

1. Reading poems. Riddles on the topic.

Teacher.

Guess: Not a bush, but with leaves, Not a shirt, but sewn, Not a person, but a story. (Book.)

– Name your favorite books. The teacher (student) reads a poem.

MY FRIEND

A good book, my companion, my friend, Leisure time can be interesting with you. We are having a great time together, And we are slowly carrying on our conversation...

You tell me about the deeds of daredevils, About evil enemies and funny eccentrics, About the secrets of the Earth and the movements of the planets - There is nothing incomprehensible with you,

You teach to be truthful and valiant, to understand Nature, to understand and love people. I cherish you, I take care of you, I cannot live without a good book.

N. Naydenova

1. Teacher's story using illustrations.

All these books were born in a dense forest. At first there was a small pine tree, then it became a pine tree, and as the years passed, the tops of the pine tree reached towards the sun. But one day, lumberjacks came into the forest and cut down this mighty tree. A tractor is in a hurry to help the loggers; in the taiga it is called a forest all-terrain vehicle. Lumberjacks cut off branches, tie them, and tie the trunks tightly with iron ropes - cables. The forest all-terrain vehicle will shudder and puff and pull its heavy load towards the river.

The river is the most spacious road for the forest. Like huge fish, logs are swimming along it downstream. It seems as if the entire river is loaded with forests. Sometimes logs collide, cling to each other, and form jams. And to avoid congestion, raftsmen keep a vigilant eye on the movement of the forest. Strong, brave” skillful people. They swim up to the forest jam in motor boats and use long hooks with sharp tips to push and disperse the interlocking logs. And so the trunks again continue their path along the deep, wide road. The blue road will lead the trunks to the plant. They will be used to make paper. Here the trunks move from workshop to workshop. The trees there are sawed and ground into sawdust. Next, it is boiled to obtain a fibrous mass similar to batter. The machines pour and roll out the paper dough, then the strips are turned into paper. An endless ribbon of paper crawls out of the machine and is wound into huge paper rolls.

- How can you make a book out of rolls?

- I need to write a book. Who will write the book?

Writers need to know a lot to write an interesting book. And to make the book very colorful, more work needs to be done by professionals.

-To whom?

Long ago, in the old days, books were written by hand. It was rare and highly valued. Then people thought: “After all, many people want to read the book. How can I help propagate a book?”

Now the book is not copied by hand, but printed in a printing house. Do you have textbooks? They are all the same. They were made in a printing house.

Printing house - book factory. Like any factory, there are many workshops here. In one workshop they prepare paper, in another - paints, and in each workshop - machines. Now books are made using machines. Blank white paper goes into the printing machine and comes out with text and pictures. Next, you need to fold the sheets into a notebook - fold them, as they say in the printing house, select them correctly, the pages should go one after another. The book still has a long way to go until it reaches the machine that makes the cover for it.

Then the books end up in a bookstore or library.

This is how long a book goes to turn from wood into a book. This is a lot of work by people, and we must respect this work and take care of the book.

1. Dramatization of a fable*.

TWO BOOKS

One day two books met and talked to each other. - Well, how are you doing? -One asked the other.

- Oh, honey, I’m ashamed in front of the class, My owner tore out the covers with meat! What about the covers... I tore off the pages! He makes boats and rafts from them

And doves... I'm afraid the leaves will become snakes, Then I'll fly into the clouds! Are your sides intact?

- Your torment is not familiar to me, I don’t remember such a day, So that, without washing your hands clean, a student sat down to read me! And look at my pieces of paper, You won’t see any inky dots on them.

I’m silent about the blots, - It’s indecent to even talk about them... But I teach him too, Not just any way, but “excellent”.

- Well, mine barely rides in grades and even got a grade that week... There is no riddle in the fable: books and notebooks will tell you straight out what kind of student you are.

Employees of the “Childhood” department offer readers a virtual exhibition “How did the book appear?”, dedicated to the history of the emergence of writing and books.

Scientists believe that the history of the birth of the book began with the advent of writing, when primitive hunters made their drawings and inscriptions on the stone walls of ancient caves. As millennia passed, people used a variety of materials, tools and signs to record their thoughts. For example, in India in ancient times they wrote with a needle on palm leaves, in Mesopotamia more than five thousand years ago they covered small clay tablets with cuneiform. The ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus using complex characters called hieroglyphs. The alphabet, consisting of letters, was used by the ancient Greeks. They also invented wax books: special square-shaped tablets were filled with wax. They wrote on such “pages” with the sharp end of a stick. Residents of ancient Russian cities used small pieces of birch bark for household and economic records. But books in Rus', as in Europe, were made from parchment - finely dressed animal skin. Parchment books were the predecessors of paper books.

The form of books was also varied. For example, in ancient China, when they wrote on bamboo tablets, transporting even one book could require several carts. The ancient Chinese books made of silk that appeared later, like the ancient Egyptian ones made of papyrus, were made in the form of a scroll. But the parchment books looked like a chest, and each one was locked with a padlock.

At a time when there were no printing presses, every book was written and rewritten by hand. Therefore, books were very expensive, and only rich people could buy them. This was the case until the European master Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 15th century. In Russia, the first printing presses appeared under Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The founder of book printing in Rus' was Ivan Fedorov, and the first printed book, “The Apostle,” was published in 1564. Over the next few centuries, printing developed and improved, and from the 19th century, books became available to everyone.

In our time, the history of the book has received a new development. Nowadays computer technology is used to create books. There are also e-books. And with the help of the Internet you can easily and quickly gain access to the rarest and most valuable publications.

The book exhibition offered to the attention of readers is made up of popular science and fiction literature, which is addressed to children of senior preschool, primary and secondary school age, but will also be of interest to parents and teachers. The exhibition is presented in two sections.

The publications collected in the first section will not only thoroughly acquaint children with the history of books and writing, provide many interesting details, but also tell about modern publishing and library science. Children will learn how a printing house works, what role writers, illustrators, and publishers play in creating books, and how a library works. Smart and beautiful books will teach their readers interesting games with letters and signs, and will reveal the secrets of making unusual homemade books.

The second section presents books from the recent past of printing. Readers can get acquainted with the publications of the late 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, each of which has its own interesting feature. Especially for the exhibition, they were kindly provided by employees of the retro fund of the “Reading Room” sector of the “Adolescence” department. Youth".

Bibliography

Popular science literature

• Valkova, V.G. Knizhkin House / Valentina Grigorievna Valkova, Alexandra Nikolaevna Bedroom. Moscow: Book Chamber, 1990. – 80 p.
• Datskevich, V.P. How a book is made / Viktor Petrovich Datskevich. – Moscow: Children’s literature, 1987. – 25 p.
• Malov, V.I. Book. Children's Encyclopedia / Vladimir Igorevich Malov. – Moscow: Slovo, 2002. – 48 p. : ill.
• Nemirovsky, E.L. Journey to the origins of Russian book printing / Evgeniy Lvovich Nemirovsky. – Moscow: Education, 1991. – 224 p. : ill.
• Osetrov, E.I. The Tale of Drukar Ivan and his books / Evgeniy Ivanovich Osetrov. – Moscow: Malysh, 1979. – 95 p. : ill.
• Pavlov, I.P. About your book / Ivan Prokofievich Pavlov. – St. Petersburg: Children’s literature, 1991. – 113 p. : ill.
• Perehvalskaya, E.V. Where did the alphabet come from / Elena Vsevolodovna Perekhvalskaya. – Moscow: Malysh, 1989. – 25 p. : ill.
• Prudovskaya, S.N. The history of letters with your own hands / Svetlana Nikolaevna Prudovskaya. – Moscow: Compass Guide, 2013. – 84 p. : ill.
• Prudovskaya, S.N. The history of the book with your own hands / Svetlana Nikolaevna Prudovskaya. – 2nd ed., Spanish. – Moscow: Compass Guide, 2012. – 60 p. : ill. – (Do-It-Yourself Books Series).
• Prudovskaya, S.N. The history of the book with your own hands. Continuation / Svetlana Nikolaevna Prudovskaya. – Moscow: Compass Guide, 2014. – 84 p. : ill.
• Acceleration, L.E. Black and white / Lev Emmanuilovich Acceleration. – Moscow: Malysh, 1982. – 30 p. : ill.

Fiction

• Barkov, A.S. Where did the book come from / Alexander Sergeevich Barkov, Ruben Vasilyevich Suryaninov. – Moscow: Malysh, 1974. – 12 p. : ill.
• Be a hero: stories and poems / rep. ed. Leon Cohn. – Moscow: Children’s literature, 1941. – 62 p.
• Zubkov, B.V. A book about a book / Boris Vasilievich Zubkov. – Moscow: Malysh, 1984. – 24 p. : ill.
• Marshak, S.Ya. How your book was published: poem / Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak. – Moscow: Detgiz, 1951. – 8 p. : ill.
• Nekrasov, N.A. Poems for children / Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. – Ivanovo: State Publishing House of the Ivanovo Region, 1937. – 50 p. : ill.
• Pushkin, A.S. The Captain's Daughter: a story / Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. – Moscow: Children’s literature, 1934. – 128 p.
• Pushkin, A.S. Ruslan and Lyudmila: poem / Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. – Moscow: Publishing house A.I. Mamontova, 1899. – 47 p. : ill.
• Pushkin, A.S. Fairy tales / Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. – Germany: Reader Digest Publishing House, 2002. – 223 p. : ill.
• The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf: Russian folk tale. – St. Petersburg: Publication of the expedition for the procurement of state papers, 1901. – 12 p. : ill.

Project "Where the book came from"

author:

Gagarina Galina Anatolevna

senior teacher of MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 25 in Vyborg"

Novikova Alexandra Alekseevna

teacher at MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 25 in Vyborg"

Project "Where the book came from"

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

"Kindergarten No. 25 in Vyborg"

Educational research project

"Where the Book Came From"

Prepared by: senior teacher

Gagarina Galina Anatolevna

teacher

Novikova Alexandra Alekseevna

Vyborg 2018

Explanatory note

Problem:

In the modern world, people are less and less likely to pick up a book, read them, and even less think about how a book is born. Book culture is changing radically these days. The main reason is the development of science and modern technologies, the emergence of new methods of obtaining information. Reading books and reading culture is a pressing problem.

Project type:

educational and research

Project duration:

short-term (1 week)

Project goal (for the teacher):

To create conditions for the development of cognitive and creative abilities, to maximally enrich children’s knowledge and ideas about how a book is created.

Project objectives:

1. Introduce children to the history of the creation of the first books. Enrich children's understanding of how a book is made from what material
2. Expand knowledge about professions related to books, librarian, writer, editor, illustrator
3. Bring children to understand that books must be treated with care so that the books live as long as possible.
4. Develop the ability, together with parents, to find an original solution when creating pages of a handmade book.
5. Develop the ability to communicate freely with adults and children, to show friendly relations with each other
6. To foster in children an interest and love for books.

Project goal (for children):

Find out how a book is created, what professions people help it appear on bookshelves.

Expected result:

—

children's interest in reading fiction will increase;

growth of positive dynamics in the formation of children's ideas about the book and the rules for handling it;

— the level of creativity in artistic, speech, productive and gaming activities will increase;

— the level of parents’ competence in matters of introducing children to reading fiction through cognitive and research activities will increase.

Project participants:

children of senior preschool age, parents, teachers,

Motivation of children and parents (immersion in the project):

The teacher lays out several objects made of wood on the table, invites the children to look at them and say what unites them. Do you know why there is a book among them? Do you want to know how books appear, where they came from?

Project "Where the book came from"

HOW THE BOOK APPEARED

April 23 is World Book Day, we want to tell you about how the book came into being. Her story is complex and interesting. So, are you ready to take your children on an exciting journey into the history of books?

There was a time when there were no books at all on our land. And in order to remember important information, people made notches in trees, on the walls of caves, and tied knots in a rope. There was no writing at that time either, but people knew how to draw. In their drawings they reflected the main events of their lives. The first books were so unusual and different from modern books.

Over time, people learned to use clay. It was very convenient to write inscriptions on raw clay; then these tablets were fired in a kiln, and they became light and durable. Clay books could consist of hundreds of such tablets. They were stored in a wooden box.

In Ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece, they learned to make books from papyrus. To do this, reed stems were cut into strips, soaked in water, and then glued together. They wrote on papyrus with a wooden stick or brush, and the paint was made from charcoal mixed with resin. The papyrus was then wound around wooden or bone rods. The result was a scroll. But over time, the papyrus began to crumble or deteriorate from moisture.

And then people invented a new material for writing - parchment, which was made from animal skin.

But this method of making books was very expensive, so poor people could not use it. They wrote on birch bark (specially treated birch bark). This is where the expression “birch bark letter” came from.

And only in the 10th century did paper appear.

It is said that the first sheet of paper was made in China. Paper turned out to be a convenient material for writing, and its production was much simpler and also cheaper than other methods.

Modern paper is made from wood. And in order for a tree to turn into a snow-white leaf, you have to work hard: lumberjacks cut down trees, raftsmen float them on water, then the logs are sent to a wood processing plant, where the wood is cleaned, sawn, softened and even boiled. The resulting fibrous mass is mixed with chalk and sent to a special machine, from which the finished paper crawls out.

This is such a long and difficult path for the book!

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