An article about introducing middle school children to the challenges of adulthood
Familiarization with the work of adults in the middle group.
In the middle group, work to familiarize adults with labor and cultivate a positive attitude towards workers continues. Work to familiarize adults with the work in their immediate environment must be continued. Children of this age are already more independent, they have more developed powers of observation and therefore have a richer understanding of the work of kindergarten staff (music worker, teacher, assistant teacher, nurse, laundress, cook, choreographer , physical education teacher, etc...) In addition, when familiarizing yourself with the work of a junior teacher, laundress, cook, janitor and other kindergarten employees, attention is paid to the formation of ideas about the content and structure of the processes of household labor of adults in a preschool institution (table setting, washing utensils, processes ensuring the maintenance of cleanliness and order in the group room and area; washing clothes; cooking, etc.).
Children should be introduced to professions that are understandable to them (salesman, hairdresser, driver, builder, doctor), but children 4–5 years old have more advanced work skills compared to children, their feelings and relationships are more conscious, and their interest in the life around them is broader. All this allows us to somewhat change the nature of pedagogical work, not only in content, but also in form. With children of the middle group, it is necessary to introduce excursions to familiarize themselves with the professions of adults, and in the second half of the school year, children of the middle group, when getting acquainted with the work of a cook, are introduced to the simplest processes of food preparation: vinaigrette, pancakes, cutlets. It is necessary to note that to prepare different dishes, the chef uses different tools and products, and cooks in different ways. Knowledge about the labor processes of cooking is reinforced in didactic games. You can use photographs depicting the work of the cook (5-6). An idea is given of the structure of the labor process, the relationship of its components using the example of specific labor processes (the purpose of labor determines what objects, materials and tools need to be taken to perform labor actions and obtain a result that corresponds to its purpose).
Several new topics are being developed: “About how our mothers and fathers work,” “Who works on the collective farm,” “About the work of people in transport professions,” “About the work of builders.” The teacher tells the children about the content of work and its social significance. However, a story about professions becomes pedagogically valuable when, explaining the content of work, the teacher focuses not on the specification of the process, but on the person, his business and personal qualities, that is, directly or through fiction, he introduces children to the person
a certain profession. At the same time, attention is drawn to how adults conscientiously and responsibly carry out their duties, how they treat the results of work and materials with care: it speaks of the kindness, friendliness, willingness to help, and cheerfulness of a working person.
When covering each topic, the teacher thinks through two aspects: familiarization with the content of work and familiarization with the business and personal qualities of a working person.
Children at this age need to be introduced to household appliances that are widely used at home and in kindergarten. The principle underlying the design of an educational situation is the comparison of machine-free labor with labor using a machine. It is important to show that the machine speeds up the production of results, improves its quality, and facilitates human work. When familiarizing yourself with household appliances, conversations, models, and riddles are used. Household appliances are widely used at home and in kindergarten (vacuum cleaner, vegetable slicer, meat grinder, washing machine, etc.).
In the middle group, children for the first time acquire basic knowledge about the collective work of kindergarten employees (n.p.: the cook does not work alone, he has an assistant, etc.)
The work of people in transport professions (for example, the work of a driver, bus driver, conductor, etc.) comes into contact with the work of a police traffic controller who controls traffic. He not only keeps order, he is an active helper to the people around him. Nowadays, the work of a dispatcher is closely connected with the work of a doctor, or a driver - a taxi driver, a freight driver...
It is necessary to draw children's attention to the peculiarities of performing individual actions and methods of quality control.
The most effective acquisition of knowledge is observed in the process of educational activities, in the classroom. Consolidation of ideas received by children is organized in didactic games, plot-role-playing games.
Our program “From birth to school” recommends introducing children to money and the possibilities of using it, which is also closely related to introducing children to professions.
Conversations based on visual material will help children understand the concept of “profession.” To form a generalized view, you can use the labor process model developed under the leadership of V. I. Loginova - “Ladder”. The model clearly shows that if even one step is skipped, the entire process is disrupted and the result cannot be achieved. The idea corresponds to the result of the work, if the material and tools were chosen correctly, if everything was done in order. You can use a game character, play out a funny situation where it is impossible to understand what and how he did.
Trying to help him, the teacher gives him an assistant - a ladder, with a picture of the labor process. Each game character tries to climb the ladder and talk about how he worked.
By introducing preschoolers to the work of adults, the teacher strives to arouse in them not only interest in the profession, respect for the worker, but also affection for specific people. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to introduce a specific person to the profession, then this opportunity cannot be missed. Attachment to an adult is formed in children on the basis of not episodic, but constant meaningful communication. Moreover, this communication occurs more fully and significantly in joint activities. The forms and content of joint activities between children and adults should be different. If the work that children observe allows them to directly participate in it, then the teacher should not miss this opportunity and invites the children to help the adult. For example, children help the assistant teacher in cleaning the room (wiping the dust on the windowsill...), the janitor - clearing the paths from snow...
Art and literature play a major role in familiarizing children with the work of adults and in cultivating an emotionally positive attitude towards working people. In the middle group, you can use those literary works that the children were introduced to earlier. In addition, when developing the topics: “About how our fathers and mothers work,” “Who works on the collective farm,” “About the work of people in transport professions,” “About the work of builders,” the following poems and stories are used: “What you?" S. Mikhalkova, “My mother smells like bread” by V. Sukhomlinsky, “Mother’s work” by E. Permyak, “Olga Pavlovna” by N. Naydenova, “Earth” and “Human Hands” by J. Dyagutyte, “Fire” by S. Marshak, “ Who built this house? S. Baruzdina, “How the guys crossed the street” and “Where trams and buses sleep” by N. Kalinina, “Traffic light” (from the book “What I Saw”) by B. Zhitkov.
These works are used by the teacher during conversations, observations of the work of adults, excursions to their place of work, and during classes. They contribute to the development in children of ideas about the work of adults, and to the cultivation of a humane and respectful attitude towards people who work, a sense of joy, pride, and admiration for them.
By reading and telling the recommended works, conducting conversations on them, the teacher focuses the children’s attention on the details that characterize the image of a hard worker. For example, to emphasize the importance of the work of adults, he especially highlights the lines: “My mother is a baker. She feeds people. No one could live without bread” (V. Sukhomlinsky. “My mother smells of bread”).
The image of a doctor, whose work is often associated with danger, touches the feelings of children. So, with great attention the children listen to B. Zhitkov’s story “Collapse”. Despite the fact that the story is recommended for reading to older preschoolers, it can also be read in the middle group, as the content is understandable to children. To convey to their consciousness the main idea of the story, it is enough to ask: “Why did the doctor want to walk? Couldn’t you have waited until the road was cleared?” Children often answer this question indignantly: “It was impossible to wait, Valya could have died.” The teacher confirms: “You are right, the doctor was very afraid for Valya, so when a collapse occurred and it was impossible for a car to pass, he decided to walk.”
Middle-aged preschoolers should be able to characterize a doctor as a courageous person, ready to help, conscientious about his work, and caring about other people.
In the middle group, children already draw better and can even depict some plot situations, not only those that they have seen themselves, but also those that they learn from works of art when looking at paintings. Here, just like in the younger group, creative activities are used.
In visual arts classes, the teacher continues to teach preschoolers to reflect on their impressions of the work of adults.
Children are of great interest in learning about the work of collective farmers (livestock breeders, tractor drivers - depending on local conditions).
The teacher closely monitors the content of the children’s visual activities in everyday life, when they, on their own impulse, begin to draw and sculpt what they saw on excursions.
We recommend the topics of compulsory classes in visual arts in the middle group to familiarize adults with the work and form an emotionally positive attitude towards the hard worker.
The work of a janitor, a nanny. Drawing or application on the topic “What does a janitor or nanny need for work?”
The work of a cook. Drawing or modeling dishes (for the work of a cook), as well as vegetables and fruits.
Driver's work. Drawing on the theme “The car brought food to the kindergarten.”
The work of a builder. Drawing on the theme “Houses on our street.”
The work of a livestock farmer. Drawing of a farm where cows and horses live (in collaboration with the teacher).
Topics of compulsory classes can become topics of visual activities in everyday life. They serve to consolidate the acquired knowledge and ideas of children.
By the end of the year, when children have accumulated general and specific ideas about working people and representatives of various professions, a lesson can be held to determine whether preschoolers have formed a positive attitude towards working people.
Components of work activity:
Middle group. Junior preschool age. Children 4 - 5 years old
Didactic game “Professions of our garden” in the middle group
DIDACTIC GAME “ PROCESSES OF OUR GARDEN ”
Author: teacher V.
k.k. – Reznichenko V.V. Middle group - 2021-2022 academic year GAME CONTENT Age of children: 4-7 years Number of players: 2-5 Purpose: to develop interest in professions ; teach to know the professions of people working in...
Thematic planning “All professions are needed. Tools"" in the middle group of compensating orientation. 5 parts MONDAY TOPIC OF THE WEEK: “All professions are needed . Tools"
First half of the day: RM reception of children: Objectives of OO SKR: -Create a calm, psychologically comfortable mood for each child; -Help strengthen the teacher’s intimate and personal contact with each child….
Abstract on the topic “Adult Labor”
Summary of direct educational activities for children of the middle group Educational area “Cognition” Formation of a holistic picture of the world, broadening their horizons
Topic: “Adult Labor”
Program content:
Correctional educational tasks:
— continue to shape children’s ideas about professions; — learn to form the dative case of nouns through the game “Who needs what?”; - learn to answer questions in complete sentences; — continue to introduce the numbers;
Correction and development tasks:
- develop fine motor skills; - develop coherent speech; — develop orientation in macrospace; - develop visual-figurative thinking based on the game “Who is doing what?”;
Educational tasks:
- cultivate respect for the work of adults; — develop the ability to answer by raising your hand. Materials: pictures of assistants' objects, the sun with rays.
Move
1. Introductory part. Conversation
Educator: “Guys, today we will talk about professions. Let's remember what professions you know? (Cook, doctor, salesman, teacher, etc.) Educator: “That’s right, there are a lot of professions in the world, all of them are very necessary and important for us. Each person in one profession or another has his own objects, which we call assistant objects.” Educator: “Tell me, what time of year is it now? How did you understand this? Name the signs of autumn."
(It has become colder, the days have become shorter, the nights are longer, the sky is gloomy, it often rains, insects hide in cracks and under the bark of trees, migratory birds fly south, people begin to dress warmer, the leaves turn red, turn yellow and fall to the ground.)
Educator: “How does the sun shine in autumn?” (In autumn, the sun shines dimly and weakly.) Educator: “So the sun came into our group, but it is sad, and it is sad because it has lost all its rays. Let's help him? To do this, you need to find the ray and complete the task that is written on it. A number is written on each ray. Be careful".
2. D/i “Who does what?”
Educator: “Look around you and find a ray with the number 1. Questions are written on this ray, we need to answer them. Remember to only answer by raising your hand. What is the driver doing?
(The driver carries cargo and people)
Educator: “What does the cook do?” (The cook prepares breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc.) Educator: “What does the doctor do?” (The doctor treats, prescribes medications, prescribes injections.), etc.
3. D/i “Who needs what?”
Educator: “Look carefully around and find a ray with the number 2. Now I will name the profession, and you will need to select and name the item assistant. What does a tailor need? What does a doctor need? What does a builder need? What does the seller need, etc. Well done!!! You have completed this task and already two rays of light have helped us find the sun.”
4. D/i “Correct the mistake”
Educator: “We are looking for a ray with the number three. So, there are sentences written here, you need to listen carefully and say this is true or not? The cook treats, and the doctor cooks. This is true?" (Trick-track is not like that.) Educator: “How?” (The cook cooks, and the doctor treats.) Educator: “The hairdresser sews, and the tailor cuts hair. This is true?" (Backgammon is not like that.) Educator: “How?” (The hairdresser cuts the hair, and the tailor sews.) etc.
5. Speech outdoor game “Cosmonaut”
Educator: “Now find the next ray. What number will you search with? On this ray it is written that we need to do a physical exercise and guess the riddle: He is not a driver or a pilot, He does not fly a plane, But a huge rocket. Children, who will say this? (Cosmonaut) (Children complete the task, pronounce the words.)
6. Educator:
“Now let's find the last ray with the number 5. It says that we need to solve riddles. Be careful. Whoever guessed it raises his hand. We play in the profession, We choose them according to our liking, And we dream that Mom and Dad will quickly become older, So that we don’t just dream, And who to be, we decide and become.
Sasha proudly carries the plane on a string, He is preparing to fly, So he will grow up... (to be a pilot).
The pilot Borya has a friend who paints everything around him, draws rain on the window, which means he will grow up... (artist).
Boris has neighbors - Twins Denis and Fedya. They cook water in the evenings. So they will be... (cooks).
Borya is also friends with Dasha, Dasha spoon-feeds porridge to the capricious doll Katya. She is growing up... (teacher).
Ksyusha and Zhanna infected Dasha with porridge with semolina, And then treated with cabbage soup, They want to become... (doctors).
Doctors also treated Oleg, Oleg is a fortress sculptor, He is hereditary... (builder).
Everyone needs the work of a builder, Everyone needs a delicious dinner, A doctor to treat everyone, And a teacher to teach, A pilot is needed to fly, Well, who do you want to become?”
7. Educator:
“Well, we helped the sun find all its rays, it immediately began to smile, thanked us and gave us its warmth.”
Author of the material: MBDOU Kindergarten No. 32, Arkhangelsk, 2013, teacher: Alexandra Vasilievna Ivanova
Also on topic:
How to teach a child to work. How to introduce children to the work of adults
