A preschool educational institution is an organization where primary public education of children is carried out, the first link of public education in most developed countries. Toddlers and older preschoolers are in kindergarten from about seven in the morning until five or seven in the evening, learning the minimum necessary communication skills, playing, and preparing for school. To prevent separation from parents for the whole day from being too traumatic for the baby, conditions similar to those at home are created in the preschool educational institution - an abundance of toys, friendly teachers, and the opportunity to sleep during the day. An important factor is the design of the kindergarten - beautiful, comfortable premises, safe areas.
Design principles
When choosing a kindergarten, the first thing parents pay attention to is the interior. This is the calling card of the institution; it is designed harmoniously, in a memorable manner. Children should feel comfortable in it so that they want to return there every day.
The basic principles of the improvement project are approximately the following:
- compliance with the name - the “Bee” kindergarten should have in its design figurines of bees, black and yellow elements, and the “Fairy Tale” kindergarten should have images of heroes of famous fairy tales;
- the walls of corridors and lobbies are painted with various scenes so that children find it interesting to look at them;
- clear zoning - each group must have a separate locker room, bedroom, games room, in harmony with each other;
- the interior for children of different ages is decorated with different pictures - for the younger group, the plots of “Ryaba Hen”, the cartoon “Little Kids” are suitable, for older ones - fairy tales about “The Sleeping Beauty”, “Ivan the Tsarevich”, etc.;
- The design materials chosen are environmentally friendly, predominantly natural.
Information board in children's institutions
When decorating a corner for parents with your own hands, the overall aesthetics of the institution are preserved.
The composition, as a rule, is placed in the reception area, the most optimal place is above the changing lockers or at the entrance to the room. A section of the wall is decorated with bright, cheerful drawings or wall relief figures, the details of which can be supplemented with seasonal or festive elements.
Materials, finishing methods
Basic, most commonly used materials:
- tree;
- Fiberboard;
- MDF;
- plastic;
- drywall;
- ceramic tile;
- dye;
- wallpaper.
All materials must be harmless to children’s health and have radiation safety certificates. Ceilings are most often whitewashed and painted with water-based paint. The walls are made smooth so that they are easy to clean, and the floors are not slippery. The walls, floors of sanitary premises, catering units are decorated with tiles, oil paint, and decorative plaster. The floors in the groups are made of wood, laminated, natural linoleum, without cracks or protruding parts. In cold regions, heated floors are preferred. In groups, rugs and rugs are laid on the floor.
The furniture is also selected to be environmentally friendly, comfortable, and light. Preferably one that “grows with the child” - adjustable in height. It can be hard or soft.
Aesthetics of group design as a means of nurturing the artistic taste of children
Beznosenko Tatyana
Aesthetics of group design as a means of nurturing the artistic taste of children
Adults and children are constantly faced with aesthetic phenomena . In the sphere of spiritual life, everyday work, communication with art and nature, in everyday life, in interpersonal communication - everywhere the BEAUTIFUL and the UGLY, the TRAGIC and the COMIC play a significant role.
BEAUTY brings pleasure and pleasure, stimulates work activity, and makes meeting people pleasant. THE UGLY is repulsive. TRAGIC teaches empathy. COMIC helps to combat shortcomings.
There are many definitions of the concept of “ aesthetic education ”
:
Firstly, it is a process of targeted influence.
Secondly, it is the formation of the ability to see beauty in life and art, to appreciate it.
Thirdly, the task of aesthetic education is the formation of aesthetic tastes and personal ideals , the development of aesthetic feelings .
And finally, fourthly, the development of the ability for independent creativity and the creation of beauty.
Aesthetic education is an organized, active, purposeful process of introducing a person to everything beautiful that is in his environment, nature, life, the formation of sublime feelings and behavior. This activity is closely related to spiritual, moral, physical, intellectual and cognitive education , although it has its own specifics - introducing a little person to art.
In my daily work on educating aesthetics, I use a variety of MEANS :
• games and toys
• aesthetics of everyday life
• objects of art
• nature
• labor
• independent and artistic and creative activities
• holidays
• entertainment.
Just as a person who does not know how to play the piano cannot teach another to play this instrument, educators with an undeveloped ecological and aesthetic culture cannot fully implement the ecological-pedagogical process with children.
Three rules: to live in beauty, to notice beauty, to support and create beauty around oneself - make the aesthetics of everyday life a means of aesthetic education of a child .
The environment of the kindergarten plays an important role: the sanitary and hygienic condition and aesthetic design of the lobby , group , and corridor. a group that is rationally equipped with furniture and toys, children feel the comfort of home. Order in the room disciplines the children, teaches them to be neat and thrifty.
By instilling in children the basics of aesthetic taste , we teach them to see and feel the beauty of the world around them, and to cherish it. It is better to keep a flower in a flowerbed, but in order for it to bloom and bring joy to others, it must be looked after. Cleanliness in the group , which creates comfort and beauty, must be maintained, not littering, and putting away toys and books. Thus, in the process of education and training, the tasks of aesthetic education in preschool age are carried out.
Requirements for a subject-development environment :
• the environment should be aimed at the “zone of proximal mental development”
;
• must contain components already known to the child, as well as problematic ones that are subject to research;
• the knowledge constantly used by the child lives and is enriched;
• the need to develop children’s leading activity – play – is necessarily taken into account.
The principle of openness to society and openness of one’s “I”
involves personalization
of the group environment .
The principle of flexible zoning is to organize various intersecting areas of activity. This allows children, in accordance with their interests and desires, to freely engage in different types of activities at the same time, without interfering with each other: drawing, physical education, experimentation, dramatization of fairy tales, dramatization games (dressing up corner “Dress-Up ”
).
It is important to remember that the child does not remain in the environment , but overcomes, “outgrows”
her, is constantly changing, which means his
perception and his environment .
The created aesthetic environment evokes in children a feeling of joy , an emotionally positive attitude towards kindergarten, a desire to attend it, enriches them with new impressions and knowledge, encourages active creative activity, and promotes the intellectual development of preschool children
When designing the subject-developmental environment in our group, I tried to ensure maximum psychological comfort for each child. To do this, I organized a RELAXATION corner in the bedroom, where the child can, if desired, retire, sit or lie down on a soft comfortable sofa under a magical transparent tent next to his soft toy friends, or look at bright illustrations in a book.
During our walk, the boys and I made aromatic bags - “sachet”
— for a peaceful rest during the daytime sleep, we used medicinal plants growing on our ecological trail: mint, lemon balm, valerian, thyme.
. To familiarize parents with the creative works of the children in our group, I designed an exhibition
, where I hang children's drawings and applications.
The developmental environment promotes self-confidence, provides the opportunity to test and use one’s abilities, and stimulates the expression of independence, initiative and creativity.
Color palette
Rooms with windows facing north are painted in warm colors - beige, light yellow, orange-pink, peach. “Southern” rooms are decorated in cold colors – light blue, pale green, soft violet. Up to 25% of the area can be painted more brightly, but use a minimal amount of aggressive colors.
With the help of color, rooms are zoned - individual places are highlighted with bright colors and pictures.
How do different colors affect children?
- pink – calms, the child feels safe;
- blue – promotes concentration and relaxation;
- blue – gives calmness, relieves internal tension;
- yellow – helps to communicate, learn new skills;
- red – gives self-confidence, in large quantities increases anxiety;
- green – improves brain function, too bright can tire you.
How to properly design a health corner
The health corner in kindergartens should be located in such a place that it is always visible, and the locker room would be an excellent choice. It is here that parents have the opportunity to get acquainted with useful information while they are waiting for their child.
For the headline, you should choose bright colors that will attract attention, and a large enough font to make it easier to read. And, of course, the most important thing is the semantic load, the essence of the information that needs to be conveyed to the readership. The prepared material must be fresh, interesting, and important, so it must be updated periodically.
Design of individual rooms or zoning
Zoning of space occurs by dividing it into functional zones with defining boundaries.
What are the boundaries?
- volumetric - partitions, screens, walls, furniture, curtains;
- spatial – these are different floor heights in different zones, colors, lighting, architectural elements;
- combined - the space is simultaneously divided and connected, these are stained glass windows, grilles, curtains, columns, arches;
- translucent, completely transparent - this is how physical separation is achieved while maintaining a visual connection.
Flexible zoning is preferred - prefabricated cabinet structures, sliding partitions, screens, transparent screens. Children often take a direct part in zoning, together with their teachers. Platform podiums with fences and various partitions are often used - straight, angular, curly, of various heights, widths, lengths. The decorative design of the ceiling on holidays will also become an element of division into zones - these are flags, balloons, paper garlands.
Senior groups are often located on the second floor, so the safety and aesthetic appearance of the stairs should also be taken care of. The walls along them should be beautifully decorated - for example, there should be an exhibition of graphic and painting works by students.
Play and study room
Most often, children play and eat in the same rooms. Furniture is selected according to the height of the children - in the younger and older groups it will vary greatly in height.
Posted here:
- tables, chairs;
- racks for books, toys;
- paints, felt-tip pens;
- finished works made by children's hands;
- musical instruments.
The walls are decorated with bright, non-aggressive wallpaper and drawings - developing stories, episodes from fairy tales and cartoons are welcome. In the play area, a soft, warm carpet is laid on the floor. Cabinets, racks for toys, books are selected with minimal risk of injury, are stable, and are well secured. The study area should be sufficiently well lit, visually separated from the play area by a different floor covering, walls, or with the help of partitions. Here children learn to read, write, draw, and sculpt. Zones of various games are separated from each other by decorative houses and screens - a kitchen with a toy set, a railway, a Lego town.
Dining area
The dining room is separated from the playing area by a screen and shelving. For ease of cleaning, do not place a carpet in this place, because children often drop food on the floor, spill it, and scatter it. The furniture here includes tables designed for two to four people, and chairs suitable for the height of the bench. On the wall there is a menu, an explanatory note, which describes and depicts how to properly use a spoon, fork, and napkins. The tables are covered with tablecloths and colorful oilcloths. Cartoon characters are often depicted on the walls eating.
Locker room
This is one of the first rooms where children and their parents find themselves when they come from the street. It is decorated brightly, a variety of subjects are used, wallpaper with images of animals and fairy-tale characters is used. Stands with important information, announcements, schedules, and height meters are placed on the walls. They draw on clothes lockers, stick different letters and pictures on them so that each child can easily remember his own and find where his things are. Long benches are placed in the center of the locker room so that the students can dress comfortably, and a carpet is laid on the floor.
Bedroom
The bedroom is intended for daytime sleep, night rest in the gardens with 24-hour stay. It is decorated in calm, mostly pastel, tones. Thick curtains are hung on the windows - the room should be darkened during the daytime rest. They are selected from natural, eco-friendly materials that suit the style. The structures to which they are attached must be highly reliable, and the fabrics must be practical and durable. You can simply whitewash the ceiling or depict a starry sky on it.
What should a bathroom be like?
Strict requirements are imposed on kindergarten bathrooms. Ceramic tiles are laid on the floor, which are easy to clean; on the walls, such covering should be at least one and a half meters high. In the younger groups, the toilet is equipped with pots, in the middle and older groups - with toilets, washbasins, and mirrors. The older the children, the more spacious this room should be. For older children, toilets are located in stalls, but the doors should not have locks. Each student has his own towel, which he hangs on a hook in a separate compartment. In the showers, drainage is provided through holes in the floor; for safety, rubber mats and wooden pallets are used.
Subject developmental compositions in kindergartens
Exhibits with special paraphernalia on traffic rules, hygiene and healthy eating, shelves with musical instruments, books or pencils are also located in separate areas with a thematic design.
According to the requirements of modern pedagogy, privacy zones can also be created in playrooms and classrooms - houses, tents, curtained areas with upholstered furniture.
In the process of decorating corners with your own hands, you can use photo collections with successful solutions.
Decoration of children's playgrounds
There are two main zones on the territory of the kindergarten:
- recreational - where students walk and play;
- economic - special transport arrives there and performs loading and unloading.
Experts recommend making playgrounds different - for children of different ages, their communication, games, and any events. The presence of natural areas is complemented by play elements made from natural materials. Also, convenient access to the territory of the preschool educational institution is provided, and the presence of short-term rest areas for adults who look after children is encouraged. Various techniques of modern landscape design are used.
On the site there are:
- sandboxes;
- swing;
- horizontal bars;
- stairs;
- sun canopies;
- tables, chairs, benches;
- equipped places for sports games;
- houses, gazebos;
- plot sculptural compositions.
Some of the decor is easy to make with your own hands - animals from car tires, ladders from wooden slices, logs, miniature buildings from plywood, flower beds, alpine slides. Trees are made from colored plastic bottles, flower bed fences are made, paths are lined with pebbles painted to look like ladybugs and beetles. All decorative elements are painted with bright colors, and the walls of the kindergarten building are decorated with fairy-tale scenes.
Often the garden building has a gym or a swimming pool - children need to develop physically. The gym is equipped with a wall bars, balls, trampolines, basketball hoops, hoops, and skittles. The swimming pool must comply with safety standards, be equipped with life buoys, and be of shallow depth.
Rack for sports equipment
Decorating a sports corner with your own hands is done in the active games area. For bright hoops, clubs, balls and jumping ropes, it is necessary to organize aesthetic and convenient storage with special holders, nets and shelves.
To equip the corner, you need to use the safest plastic or fabric products.
The contents of the exhibition can be supplemented with homemade items, such as fake fishing rods or other devices for developing dexterity.
Creating a living corner
A living corner is a developmental area that teaches children the first skills of caring for animals and plants, allowing them to observe their behavior and development.
People most often living here are:
- hamsters;
- rabbits;
- Guinea pigs;
- decorative mice, rats;
- parrots, canaries;
- turtles, lizards;
- certain types of aquarium fish.
Various indoor plants in pots are often placed here - it is important to choose exclusively non-poisonous ones that cannot cause allergies or injure curious children with thorns or thorns. Children give animals food, clean cages under the supervision of adults, water flowers from watering cans, learning about the world of flora and fauna. All necessary equipment is stored here - children learn to use it.
All about decor and choice of textiles
Textiles are selected to match the overall color scheme. All fabrics are preferred natural, environmentally friendly, fireproof. Dust should not accumulate on them; bedding fabrics must not contain components that can cause allergies. High-quality textiles will not have to be changed after one or two years; they will not fade in the sun or lose their appearance. Pupils, together with adults, make crafts from fabrics, paintings, appliqués from felt on a linen base, sewn toys to decorate the head’s office. Themes and plots used are different.
Rag wall organizers for stationery and interior dolls will also decorate the interior of the room. In the bedroom there are decorative panels depicting sleeping animals, in the dining area there are textile paintings where cartoon characters eat and prepare food. Several textile tents are placed in the games room, in which some children can hide and retire if necessary.
Fabric pockets for a children's locker are easy to make yourself. To do this, you will need about a meter of fabric, from which two pieces 30 by 80 cm are cut, two pockets 40 by 20 cm and 40 by 15 cm. An elastic band is sewn into the upper parts of the pockets, on which they are slightly pulled together, sewn to the base one after the other, starting from the bottom. Afterwards the second part of the base is attached, a strip of plastic is inserted at the top and bottom for rigidity. The edges are decorated with bias tape and strips of the same fabric. Loops are sewn into the upper part on which the pockets will hang. They store spare panties, socks, gloves, a hat, a comb, and office supplies. If desired, the design is decorated with embroidery, applique, and beads.
