How to tell children about the traditions and customs of different peoples?

What are folk traditions and customs?

Many families have their own traditions and customs. In one, for example, they always drink tea with lemon in the morning, and hot cocoa in the evening. And so every day. Another family may have different customs. For example, give each other handmade cards for the holidays.

Traditions and customs are characteristic not only of individual families, but also of entire nations. Some of them may seem stupid and funny, others - understandable and wise. The Slavic peoples have a very good tradition of giving up their seats in transport to the elderly. This seems normal to all of us. But the French do not do this.

Russian folk traditions in kindergarten

This work participates in the regional publication competition “Kindergarten: day by day.” The author's spelling and punctuation have been preserved!

Times are different now, as are thoughts and deeds -

Russia has gone far from the country it was.

Our people are smart, strong, looking far ahead,

But we must not forget the traditions of antiquity!

N. Konchalovskaya “Our ancient capital.”

Today, the leading principle of education should be considered education carried out on the roots of national culture. There is a lot of talk about the revival of the Fatherland. Reviving the culture of our people and traditions is a difficult and noble task. Preschool age is a favorable period for introducing children to the origins of folk culture, which can revive the continuity of generations, convey moral principles, spiritual and artistic values.

Each nation has its own traditions that are passed on from generation to generation. The Russian land has always been famous for the beauty and richness of music, literature, its holidays and customs. It is the native culture that must find its way to the child’s heart and form the basis of his personality.

The work of teachers and the music director is aimed at developing in preschool children general ideas about the culture of the Russian people. Specialists and preschool teachers gradually lead children to understand the harmonious connection between man and the surrounding nature, including them in interesting activities. Nursery rhymes, sayings, proverbs, games, songs, folk instruments, dances - all these types of children's activities create an opportunity for the child to come into contact with the historical past. The national holiday helps children learn to express themselves creatively and communicate freely with their peers.

In the MADO "Sibiryachok" building No. 3, holidays and thematic classes dedicated to folk traditions have been held for several years now. Children take part in such events with great pleasure. Folk holidays and entertainment include all forms of children's creativity.

Recently, for older preschoolers at the Sibiryachok Children's Preschool Educational Institution, building No. 3, a holiday “On a visit to Zimushka-winter” was held in Russian traditions. The purpose of this event was to introduce children to ancient Russian customs and traditions. The hosts of the holiday, the Buffoons, warmly received the guests. Together with the children, they went to the fairy forest to visit Zimushka - winter. Along the way, the guys played various games and competed in relay races. The games and fun of Zimushki - winter also delighted the children.

In our kindergarten, children live in a cozy world of warmth and kindness, in a world of spirituality and fantasy. After all, all the best that begins to form in kindergarten will be reflected in later life and will have an exceptional impact on the subsequent development and spiritual and moral achievements of a person.

Author: Glebova Tatyana Aleksandrovna, music director

MADO AR kindergarten "Sibiryachok".

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Traditions of the peoples of the world for children

About 3 thousand different peoples and nationalities live on our planet. Each nation has its own special traditions. Some of them are very unusual for us Russians.

• When we say “yes,” we are used to nodding our heads. But the Bulgarians and Albanians do the opposite. To confirm what has been said, they wave their heads from side to side. A nod means "no."
• In Russia, the number 13 is considered unlucky, especially if it falls on a Friday. Such a day is jokingly called “the day of evil spirits.” In Spain, troubles await not on Friday, but on Tuesday the thirteenth. In some countries, six is ​​considered an unkind number. In China it's a four. Some houses there don't even have a fourth floor. After the third comes the fifth.
• Men in Russia greet by shaking hands. And this is also an ancient custom. This is how our ancestors showed each other that they did not have weapons or stones in their hands. Handshakes are not accepted in Japan. They are replaced by bows. In India, as a sign of greeting, the palms are raised to the chin, as if for prayer, and, shaking the head, they say “namaste”. Eskimos rub noses when they meet. Because of the cold, only their faces are exposed.

Traditions and customs related to children

There are many traditions associated with the birth and raising of children:

• Turkmen girls aged 9-10 undergo the ceremony of braiding their hair. They undo two braids and make 20 small braids. From this day on they are considered adults. The outfit also changes.
• The Kazakhs have a custom of “cutting fetters.” When the baby takes his first steps, his legs are tied with a cord. A respectable man with many children is entrusted to cut it. The ceremony is accompanied by songs and wishes to stand firmly on your feet and walk confidently through life.
• Indians throw their newborn children from a 15-meter tower. They fall onto the tent stretched below. People believe that after this the children become lucky.

Eating

It is common for us to have breakfast and lunch while sitting at the table, and take food from a plate with a spoon and fork. But not everyone eats this way.

• The Chinese and some other eastern peoples use chopsticks instead of spoons and forks.
• Asians also eat while sitting on the floor or on low cushions.
• In India they eat with their hands. More precisely, with one hand - the right.

National dishes

Different nations have their own favorite food.

• Indian cuisine is distinguished by an abundance of different spices. Their dishes are very spicy. Indians prefer cereals, vegetables and fruits to meat.
• The Japanese eat mostly raw food. The basis of national Japanese cuisine is rice and sea creatures (shrimp, fish).
• The peoples of the Far North mainly eat meat. They hunt deer, seals, and walruses. Roots, berries and plant stems are also collected here.
• Italian cuisine is called one of the best in the world. Italians prepare delicious pasta - pasta and dumplings, which they call ravioli. This is also the birthplace of pizza.

Cloth

National clothing also belongs to the traditions of peoples.

• Women of the Middle East wear a strange attire for us - a dark and long burqa. Only the eyes remain open. It is not customary here for anyone to see even a part of a woman’s body.
• Indian women wear saris, long, colorful pieces of fabric intricately tied around the body. Putting on and wearing a sari is considered a real art.
• The Japanese national dress is kimono. It is very similar to a bright silk robe with a wide belt (obi). Kimono comes in women's, men's and children's sizes.
• Scottish men wear a kilt. This is a skirt. And part of the national costume of the Scots is a musical instrument - the bagpipe.
• Eskimos living in the Far North wear a kukhlyanka and high boots to keep warm from the severe cold. Special clothing is made from animal skins and fur.
• The national clothing of Greek men is also a skirt. It must be white, with 400 folds. On top is a snow-white shirt with puffy sleeves, a bright vest and a belt. Women dress up in a multi-layered suit with an apron, decorated with ringing coins.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

State preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 19 of a combined type, Krasnoselsky district of St. Petersburg

Author: Telesheva G.N. teacher of the highest qualification category

In modern practice of preschool education and family education, there is an active revival of the principle of national education, which involves introducing children to the foundations of their native culture, to the traditions of their people.

One of the principles of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education is cognitive development, which includes a section - introducing children to sociocultural norms, traditions of the family, society and state.

The conscious formation of moral and ethical feelings should begin from the middle group. The preparatory stage can be considered the work carried out in the junior group.

The purpose of this work is to educate preschoolers with patriotic feelings through introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are envisaged:

• To instill in children a sense of love, duty, responsibility, respect for beauty, kindness, affection for their homeland, native places, and the Russian people.
• Develop the ability to restore connections between the past, present and future.
• To develop in the child the ability to understand the culture of his people and a positive attitude towards the culture of other peoples.
• To introduce national life; Russian folk art; Russian folk games; with traditions and holidays.

The formation of moral and ethical feelings, the cultivation of love for the Motherland, for the traditions of Russian folk culture is based on well-known principles:

• the principle of intimacy, objectivity, emotional richness - the proposed material should be gradually more complex;
• principle of accessibility - the information offered is adapted to the perception of preschool children;
• the principle of clarity and entertainment - educational material should arouse interest and emotional response in children;
• the principle of historical sequence of generalizing factors;
• the principle of an integrated and integrative approach - the introduction of preschoolers to the origins of Russian folk culture is carried out through various types of activities in the educational process system, the use of various types and forms of interaction with children is proposed (GCD, play activities, excursions, holidays, theatrical and independent activities);
• the principle of close cooperation between teachers and parents.

The expected result based on the results of mastering all areas for the preparatory group:

Child:

• Knows the basic literary concepts of folklore; a summary of the literary works read; life and traditions of the Russian people; folk holidays; songs, ditties, nursery rhymes, riddles, proverbs, sayings, chants.
• Knows how to tell Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes and act them out;
• Uses household items of the Russian people in the game;
• Creates creative works based on folklore works.

So, where should you start getting acquainted:

• The first direction involves getting to know the national way of life. As a result, children begin to understand the essence of Russian folk culture, its peculiarity, originality, and flavor. Work continues to create an atmosphere of national life; together with the children, the mini-museum of Russian everyday life items organized in the group is replenished. It is known that surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of a child’s mental qualities - they develop curiosity, cultivate a sense of beauty. Surrounding objects that awaken a child’s soul for the first time and instill in him a sense of beauty must be national. This allows children from a very early age to understand that they are part of the great Russian people.
• The second direction is that preschoolers continue to get acquainted with Russian folk art, complementing and deepening their knowledge. New sections are being introduced : “Getting to know Russian folk costume” , “Getting to know Russian folk cuisine”, etc., expanding children’s understanding of Russian folk culture.
• The third direction is for children to get acquainted with the features of Russian folk games. I would like to note that these games do not have a competitive element, but, on the contrary, promote unity and the ability to perform joint movements. In Russian folk games we use chants, counting rhymes, and sentences.
• The fourth direction is getting to know traditions and holidays. Unobtrusively, in a form that is easy to understand this material. Acquaintance with Russian folk holidays takes place through the following events: quizzes, leisure activities, entertainment, holidays, master classes.

For example, I offer the following work in educational areas:

Educational area "Cognitive development" :

• NOD ( "How they welcomed spring in Russia" , "How the girls used to tell fortunes at Christmastide in the evening" , "From the history of Russian folk costume" , "Annunciation" (birds were released from cages into the wild to spread the good news). In productive activities, you can make a Dymkovo toy - whistle
• Joint activity: observing changes in nature on a walk - “Spring Equinox Day 21.03.” (melting ice, streams, play the game “Stream” , invocation of spring, round dances, etc.
• Conversations ( “What autumn brought us” , “Candlemas 15, 02. - meeting of spring with winter” , “Maslenitsa holiday” , etc.)

The educational field “Social and communicative development” includes:

• Outdoor games: “Burn, Burn Clear” , “Golden Gate” , “Move Quietly” , “Stream” , etc.
• Didactic games: on Russian folk arts and crafts - cut-out pictures, puzzles, etc.
• Plot-based role-playing games.

Educational field "Artistic and aesthetic development" :

• Drawing ( “Autumn Birch Tree” , “Maslenitsa – Lady” , “Easter Egg”, etc.)
• Application ( “Toys for animals for Christmas” , “Autumn carpet” , “Apple tree is a beauty” , etc.)
• Modeling ( “Easter Easter cake” , “Dymkovo whistle or horse”, etc.)
• Manual labor ( "Straw or Cloth Dolls" , "Christmas Gifts" )
• Exhibitions of joint work of children and parents ( “Young Lady Autumn” , “Wonderful Christmas” , “Miracle Maslenitsa” , etc.)

"Music":

• Music classes
• Joint activities: learning songs, nursery rhymes, chants, carols, round dances; playing noise folk instruments.
• Entertainment and leisure: “Autumn” , “Christmas carols” (not Halloween), “Maslenitsa” , “Vesnyanka” , etc.
• Theatrical performances.

An important role is played by the creation of a subject-development environment. The group can create mini museums “Russian Folk Corner” , “Russian Izba” , where children receive and expand their knowledge about the identity, color of the Russian people, the Russian soul, the Russian character, where a wealth of material has been accumulated: didactic games and manuals for introducing children to Russian folk costume, Russian folk cuisine, folk games, crafts, and everyday life. The group has a lot of children's books, coloring books, didactic games, folders - progress on the topic.

Because Children love to listen to fairy tales, jokes, nursery rhymes, songs, counting rhymes, chants, so they can be used in routine moments (washing hands, going to bed, when dressing and undressing).

It is known that the beginning of everything in raising children is the family. As practice shows, not a single program, even the best one, can produce positive results if its tasks are not solved together with the family. Forms of interaction with parents can be different:

• Folk holidays: “Autumn” (Apple Spas), “Christmas carols” , “Maslenitsa” , “Invocation of Spring” , etc.
• Consultations “The role of folk games in the comprehensive development of children .
• Master classes: “Making a talisman or angel doll” , “Drawing on fabric with acrylic paints - decorating a towel” , “How to make a Christmas wreath” and others.

Thus, by introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture, we develop the personality of each child, who will be the bearer of Russian character traits, Russian mentality, since only on the basis of the past can we understand the present and foresee the future. And a people who do not pass on everything that is most valuable from generation to generation is a people without a future.

Holidays in different countries

There are holidays that are celebrated all over the world - New Year, birthday, wedding. And there are absolutely special ones.

• In Japan, one of the main holidays is Hinamatsuri, the “festival of dolls.” Every year on March 3, girls in elegant kimonos lower boats with paper dolls down the river. People believe that dolls take away sorrows and misfortunes with them.

• India has its own holiday - the “monkey feast”. The monkeys are served a table full of goodies. This is how Hindus worship the god Rama and his monkey army. The arrival of spring is celebrated here with a festival of colors, during which people douse each other with water painted in bright colors.

• Scotland hosts a very spectacular fire festival. In the evening, people dress in national costumes and carry burning torches to traditional music.

New Year

Celebrating the New Year is one of the most long-awaited customs for children. On the night from December 31 to January 1, it is celebrated in almost every home. Briefly about New Year's traditions of different nations:

• In Russia, gifts are given to children by the kind Grandfather Frost in a long fur coat with a magic staff in his hand. He has a granddaughter, Snegurochka, and a wife, Zima. He lives in Veliky Ustyug.
• In Poland, instead of Father Frost, children are congratulated by Saint Nicholas. He rides a horse and wears a white robe. His assistant, Peter, helps deliver the gifts. Only obedient children receive them. The spoiled are given the rod.
• Canadian children are waiting for Santa Claus on New Year's Day. He rides through the air in a team of reindeer and enters the house through a chimney. His home is in Lapland. There he makes gifts all year long with the elves.
• In France, Pierre Noel comes to the children on New Year's Eve. He rides a donkey and puts gifts in shoes.
• Finnish Joulupukki is small in stature. On New Year's Day he is carried in a cart by a goat. All the child needs to do is whisper in a whisper what kind of gift he wants, and Joulupukki will definitely hear it. Other gnomes help the old gnome.
• In Italy, Santa Claus is a woman who looks very much like a witch. Her name is Befana. In fact, Befana is kind, even though she rides around on a broom. She has a golden key with which she can open any door. On New Year's Day, she flies up to children's stockings and fills them with gifts.

Traditions of the Russian people for children

Our country is Russia. It is the largest in the world. The Russian people have many interesting traditions and customs:

• Our ancestors have long lived in wooden huts made of logs - hewn tree trunks.
• The boys' costume consisted of a long shirt, trousers and a cap. Instead of the usual shoes, they wore bast shoes woven from tree bast.
• Russian girls wore a sundress down to their toes over a shirt, and decorated their heads with a kokoshnik.
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• Hospitality is one of the main traditions of the Russian people. Guests in Rus' were always welcome. The hosts greeted guests at the door and treated them to bread and salt.
• The holidays of our people are closely related to religion. On Easter, all homes bake Easter cakes, paint eggs and rejoice at the resurrection of Jesus Christ. “Christ is risen” - “truly risen” they say to each other. On Maslenitsa they eat pancakes all week, and on the last day they burn an effigy of winter. This is how Russians have celebrated the arrival of spring for hundreds of years.
• National dishes of Russia are pies with all kinds of fillings, cabbage soup, and porridge. Vegetables (turnips, cabbage, peas), as well as mushrooms and berries are especially held in high esteem. Drinks in Rus' have long been preferred: sbiten and kvass.

Presentation:

You might think that every nation has its own country: the Japanese have Japan, the Mexicans have Mexico, the Russians have Russia. In fact, this is not always the case. Several peoples can live in one country. If we talk about our country, then there are as many as 190 nationalities living in it: Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Armenians, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Belarusians and many others.

The role of folk holidays in the education of preschool children

The role of folk holidays in preschool educational institutions in order to preserve national traditions
Prepared by: Shchelkonogova G.N., teacher of the “TsRR - kindergarten “Fairy Tale”” OP “Kindergarten “Romashka” of a combined type”, Kovylkino, Republic of Mordovia Without a past, there is no future , Without language there is no nation, Without nation there is no culture, Without culture there is no people. Today, much attention is paid to organizing and holding public holidays in preschool educational institutions. Teachers strive to use all means of introducing preschoolers to the origins of Russian folk culture and preserving its traditions. Only raising preschool children in the spirit of folk traditions can develop in them national self-awareness, respect for their people, in addition, they will be open to studying and understanding the significance of the culture of other peoples and respect for them. Therefore, I believe that the organization of folk holidays for preschoolers is aimed at the comprehensive and harmonious development of the child. The relevance of my topic is that the changes taking place in our society force us to take a fresh look at folk traditions and holidays, namely: it is important to support our national culture, concentrate the character of the people, raise a worthy personality who can develop, preserve folk traditions. In our kindergarten, the development of children based on the traditions of folk culture is one of the main directions of general artistic and aesthetic education. Life in kindergarten should be bright, rich in impressions, like a good interesting book, the best pages of which should be the holidays. To help children make a children's holiday unforgettable, to open a window to the world of amazing wonders for children, to leave a bright mark on the child's soul. For many years, the “Likhtibryanya” circle has been operating in the “Romashka” kindergarten, during which much attention is paid to studying the history of the native land, the traditions and customs of our ancestors, which leads to the preservation of folk traditions and the introduction of children to them. After all, cultural experience is intensively acquired at folk festivals. Holidays introduce children to the folk traditions, rituals, and folklore of the Mordovian people. Holidays that are celebrated in kindergarten create a joyful mood in children, cause a positive emotional upsurge, and form a festive culture: stories about the traditions of the holiday, its organization, and guest etiquette. Preparing for the holiday makes children interested in the upcoming celebration; On the basis of interest, their moral and ethical qualities and artistic taste are formed. The holiday system creates a spiritual community between children and adults, the soil on which human feelings develop: love, kindness, mutual assistance. When preparing and holding holidays, timid children are transformed into emotional, proactive ones. They are involuntarily involved in the process of play, which corresponds to the nature of a preschooler, where the child organically learns new musical images, acquires skills, and develops imagination. A well-planned holiday prepared according to a special scenario will bring joy not only to children, but also to adults. Particular attention is paid to joint participation in creative activities. This helps unite the family and fill its leisure time with new content. We organize holidays and leisure activities, entertainment, theatrical performances, integrated such as the holidays “My Favorite City”, “Folk Costume” and folklore festivals “Autumn Gatherings”, “Carols”, “Maslenitsa”, “Easter”, Russian birch “Trinity” and other. We organize exhibitions of children's creative works, computer presentations or photo exhibitions during this festive event. We use staged dramatic tales in the festive program: “How was the dog looking for a friend?”, “Hot Sleigh”, poems, and introduce an element of theatricalization into the action. At all events, parents and children participate in various competitions. It is important to note that the joint activities of adults and children create in them a powerful motivation for learning, in which learning proceeds quite easily and naturally. Decoration is very important in the process of a holiday, which must first of all correspond to the content of the holiday. It is necessary to try to ensure that the design develops an artistic aesthetic taste in children, is understandable for the child, and creates a joyful mood for everyone that anticipates the event. It is necessary to distribute responsibilities for decorating a holiday in a kindergarten between employees and parents of students. Simple instructions can also be given to children: it is also important for them to realize and see their role in holding the festive event. National holidays are always associated with the game. But folk games, unfortunately, have almost disappeared from childhood today. Apparently, we must remember that folk games as a genre of oral folk art are national wealth, and we must make them the property of our children. Each holiday in the old days had its own customs and traditions, its own “scenario”. The originality of traditions depended on the idea of ​​the holiday, its significance for society, so each holiday had its own main and secondary characters, attributes, songs, spells, specific dishes, games, and round dances. Not a single holiday is complete, of course, without playing musical instruments. Musical games make singing and playing musical instruments more interesting and accessible for children. Well-constructed holidays create opportunities for the comprehensive development of a child’s personality and help our students in the future feel like bearers of the great Russian culture, the national traditions of the Russian people and their native land. Contact with folk art and traditions, participation in folk festivals spiritually enrich the child, foster pride in their people, and maintain interest in their history and culture. Folk holidays help children to know and respect their past, their origins, the history and culture of their people. Folk holidays are pedagogical in nature; they include both children and adults in a single festive action. The national holiday creates the opportunity for the development of the child, the formation of the foundations of musical culture in the unity of all its most important components available to preschool children. All this contributes to the development of a strong interest not only in specific small folklore forms, but also in musical and folk art in general. “Folk holidays have the function of social therapy of relationships within a community, playing up the norms of these relationships” (D. Fraser, M. Mead) Such folk holidays evoke in children a feeling of joy, an emotionally positive attitude towards kindergarten, the desire to attend it enriches them with new impressions and knowledge, encourages active creative activity, promotes the intellectual and social development of preschool children. Experience in this direction has shown that bright and joyful communication between children and adults is an important condition for the development of a child’s personality and the revival of folk traditions, and we must preserve folk holidays for ourselves and our descendants, because the holidays of our great-grandparents are the soul of the people.

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Tatar traditions for children

The Tatars live side by side with us. They are a people with a unique culture. This video will help tell you about the traditions of the people:

• Tatars are very kind to their family and homeland. They are proud of their origin and honor the traditions of their ancestors.
• They greet each other with both hands, saying the greeting: “Aassalaam aleikem! Aleikem assalam."
• In order to gather at one table, the Tatars do not need a big reason. They often visit each other. Definitely with hotels. The hosts also give small gifts.
• “The tea table is the soul of the family,” the Tatars say. Tea drinking is one of the most important traditions for them. Several generations gather around a large table and drink freshly brewed hot tea from small cups.
• The cuisine of the people is very diverse. A Tatar lunch can consist of 18 dishes with different flavors. Before and after meals, Tatars pray. The most famous national dishes of the Tatars are the sweetness of chak-chak and echpochmak (a triangular pie filled with fatty meat, onions, potatoes and eggs).
• The Tatar national costume is a long shirt decorated with embroidery, lace, and ribbons. For men it is knee-length, for women it is to the heels. Part of the costume includes boots made of soft leather with bright patterns. They are called chitek or ichigi.
• Tatars always wear a headdress or even several. A small cap - a skullcap - is put on the top of the head, and a hat or turban is placed on top of it. Older women wear a headdress that covers not only the head, but also the neck, as well as part of the back.
• The national holidays of the Tatars Nardugan, Navruz Bayram, Kurban Bayram, Sabantuy are associated with agriculture and religion. For example, Sabantuy is held after sowing. All girls and boys dress up in ceremonial national costumes and organize mass celebrations. They dance with all their hearts, sing loudly, compete, showing dexterity and strength. The most important competition is “koresh” belt wrestling. The winners receive gifts - a rooster in a cage, boots or something else.

Belarusian traditions for children

Belarusian, Tatar and Russian traditions are similar in many ways. It’s not for nothing that these peoples are called fraternal.

• Just like the Tatars, Belarusians celebrate the end of sowing. Only the holiday here is called Dozhinki. The best workers are chosen and gifts are given to them. There is also a special national holiday in Belarus. This is “Gukanne Viasny”. At the beginning of April, people call for spring. They make figures of storks from dough and paper and decorate houses and trees with them.
• A good reputation is very important for Belarusians. Therefore, they almost never swear, do not deceive, and, moreover, do not fight.
• The national Belarusian costume is made of white fabrics. For men, this is an embroidered shirt with a slit on the chest, a colored belt, and canvas pants. Along with a shirt, women wear a plaid skirt, an apron and always a bright sleeveless vest. The heads of Belarusian women are decorated with fabric headbands or wreaths.
• Many people associate Belarus with potatoes. Many national dishes are prepared from it - potato pancakes, potato babka, sorcerers. The latter look like meat pies. Only their shell is not made from dough, but from the same potatoes.

Kazakh traditions for children

The people of Kazakhstan honor the traditions and customs of their ancestors like no other. They treat this as a sacred duty.

• The warmth and hospitality of the Kazakhs has no equal. They will let even their enemy into the house and feed them. Moreover, they will serve him all the most delicious things that can be found in the house. And travelers who bring good news will also be given a gift.
• The national food in Kazakhstan is horse and lamb dishes (kazy, shuzhuk, zhaya, beshbarmak), homemade noodles, and pilaf.
• Kazakh children are taught respect for elders, restraint and integrity from an early age.

• Asar is a tradition of the Kazakh people, which consists of doing everything together. To build a house, they can call friends, neighbors, and relatives. They help each other for free. Asar is a reason for everyone to get together and strengthen their relationships.
• One of the oldest customs of the Kazakhs is to roll a person who has lived away for a long time into the ground. Its meaning is reflected in the proverb “we are all children of our native land.”
• The coming of spring, Nauryz, is considered a big holiday here. It is celebrated on March 22. All the people get up at dawn and plant trees. Then celebrations begin with songs and competitions. Among them are competitions for solving riddles, singing songs, reading poetry and tongue twisters.
• Kazakh costumes are some of the most beautiful in the world. They are richly decorated with embroidery, swan feathers and down, gold and silver thread. Dresses, vests, and hats come in a wide variety of designs. A day would not be enough to describe them all.

Nowadays, the life of city residents in different countries is not much different. People wear similar clothes, eat a variety of foods, and celebrate holidays other than their own. But this does not mean that the traditions and customs of our ancestors are forgotten. People dress in national clothes on special occasions, perform rituals, and tell children about them. This is how the culture of the people, their soul, lives.

Methodological development

Methodological development “Introducing children of senior preschool age to the origins of Russian folk culture”
“The Russian people should not lose their moral authority among other peoples - the authority deservedly won by Russian art and literature...
National differences will remain in the 21st century if we are concerned with the education of souls , and not just the transfer of knowledge"
D.S. Likhachev

Currently, the priority of folk pedagogy is increasing as a uniquely complex system, rooted in the origins of human development, containing humane ideas of the unity of man and nature, ethnic identity, stable guidelines for the formation of spiritual character traits and socio-cultural experience.

Psychological and pedagogical research raises the issue of introducing children to cultural values ​​from preschool age. The revival of folk culture, its values, and their use in working with children is the most important direction in the modernization of preschool education, the development of the principle of cultural conformity in the upbringing and education of preschool children.

Time moves forward, picking up pace, setting new goals and objectives for us. We begin to look at many things differently, discover and re-evaluate something for ourselves. Unfortunately, we managed to lose what our grandparents saved for years, how did Russian people live, how did they relax and how did they work? What were you thinking about? What were you worried about? What holidays were celebrated? What did you pass on to your children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren? Will our children be able to answer these questions if we ourselves cannot always answer them? We must restore the connection of times, return lost human values. Without the past there is no future.

Thus, the rejection of the younger generation from Russian culture, from the socio-historical experience of generations, is one of the serious problems of our time. It is necessary to develop children's understanding of cultural heritage and cultivate a caring attitude towards it from preschool age. The need to introduce the younger generation to the national culture is interpreted by folk wisdom: “Our today, like our past once, also creates the traditions of the future.” Our children should know well not only the history of the Russian state, but also the traditions of national culture, be aware of, understand and actively participate in the revival of national culture.

Currently, in preschool pedagogy, the problem of the need to educate spirituality in our children based on the traditions of the Russian people has become urgent.

Why did I decide to work on this problem? Because when developing children’s ideas about man, I first of all turn to the history and culture of my own people. Ancient people said that for absolute happiness, a person needs a glorious Fatherland. One cannot but agree with this. But how now, in our modern life, can we instill in children devotion to the Fatherland, Russian traditions and customs, pride in their Motherland, and patriotism? To answer these questions means to restore the connection of times, to return values ​​that were once lost. Raising a citizen and patriot who knows and loves his homeland cannot be successfully achieved without a deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of his people and the development of folk culture.

Thus, we can conclude that the formulation of this problem is timely, and work on this problem is carried out in close cooperation with all participants in the pedagogical process.

While working on this problem, I set myself:

target:

the formation of a sustainable interest and familiarization of children with the origins of Russian national culture, laying the foundations of a spiritual and moral personality with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement and harmonious interaction with other people.

Tasks:

• To stimulate curiosity, a sense of beauty, and awareness of oneself as part of the great Russian people in the soul of every child;
• To promote the development of the best Russian character traits in children;
• Develop interest in native Russian traditions and crafts;
• Introduce us to the cultural experience of our ancestors: housing, household items, crafts.
• Introduce children to oral folk art and some types of art;
• Develop creativity, imagination, communication skills, cognitive activity;
• Use all types of folklore in this activity: games, fairy tales, songs, proverbs, sayings, nursery rhymes, chants, riddles, round dances;
• Develop speech, imagination, artistic taste, hand motor skills;
• To cultivate patriotic pride, a sense of respect for people, the Russian people;
• To assist parents in the revival and creative development of the best traditions of the centuries-old experience of raising children and to involve them in cooperation in creating a cozy, homely environment with a subject-development environment in the group.

Principles for selecting material content:

consistency, visibility, individuality, accessibility.

Forms of working with children.

GCD:

• on familiarization with the basics of Russian folk culture and life (introduce children to household items, Russian clothing, decoration of a Russian hut);
• on familiarization with the outside world (introduce children to folk subjects, family, kindergarten, Russian folk holidays in Rus', Russian customs and traditions);
• on familiarization with works of fiction (learn proverbs, sayings, nursery rhymes, read and tell fairy tales, act them out in theatrical activities)
• musical (introduce Russian folk instruments, sing Russian folk songs, dance in circles, perform the movements of Russian folk dances);
• in visual arts (decorative drawing, modeling) (learn to paint the sundress of the “Dymkovo young lady”, use elements of Dymkovo painting; straight and intersecting lines, dots, strokes, learn to sculpt Dymkovo toys and paint them, use Dymkovo painting techniques to decorate toys; rings, arcs, dots, strokes, stripes, circles)

Cultural and leisure activities:

• holidays, entertainment, theme nights, leisure.

Game activity:

• theatricalization.
• role-playing games.
• outdoor, folk games.

Methods and techniques:

verbal, visual, practical, game.

Verbal:

• reading fiction;
• memorizing poems, songs, nursery rhymes, chants, proverbs and sayings, making and guessing riddles;
• holidays, entertainment;
• conversations;
• consultations.

Visual:

• organization of photo exhibitions;
• information stands;
• theatrical activities;
• viewing illustrations, pictures, photographs;
• personal example of an adult.

Practical:

• creating a developmental environment that ensures a comfortable stay for a child in a preschool educational institution;
• creating conditions for the cognitive development and cognitive activity of the child;
• organization of productive activities.

Gaming:

• didactic, board and printed games;
• role-playing games;
• outdoor games;
• dramatization games, dramatization games;

The feeling of love for the Motherland is laid down in the process of life and existence of a person located within a specific sociocultural environment. From the moment of birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, the nature and culture of their country, to the way of life of their people.

Folk culture

- this is the centuries-old concentrated experience of the people, materialized in objects of art, labor and everyday life: these are traditions, rituals, customs, beliefs; these are ideological, moral and aesthetic values ​​that determine the face of a nation, its identity, uniqueness, its social and spiritual peculiarity.

Folk culture teaches us to love our native land, comprehend the beauty of nature, cultivate a reverent attitude towards all living things, contributes to the formation of the best human qualities and broadens the horizons of children.

Rituals, traditions, and customs accompanied every step of a person from birth to death, organizing his work, social and personal life.

Folk traditions

- these are historically established sets of educational and social experience, norms of behavior, social traditions passed on from generation to generation. Labor traditions of spiritual education accustomed children to systematic work, passing on all the skills, knowledge and abilities known in the peasant world, contributed to the formation of the habit of work, diligence, respect and respect for work, responsibility for the assigned work.

The rich arsenal of folk traditions, which was formed from the specific historical conditions of the development of the people, should be widely used. The cultural heritage of the people contains pedagogically valuable ideas and centuries-tested experience of education, which, as they develop, enrich world pedagogical thought. Therefore, the role of folk traditions in the education of children of senior preschool age is quite large. Folk art, being the custodian of historical memory, the direct bearer of original culture, the art of previous generations, reflects the pedagogical experience of the people, is the most important means of educating a harmoniously developed personality, the development of its moral, labor, aesthetic, and technological culture.

Russian folk traditions can be divided into several priority areas:

• Creating an atmosphere of national life.
• Traditional and ritual holidays.
• Russian folklore (fairy tales, songs, ditties, pestushki, proverbs, sayings, etc.)
• Russian folk art.
• Russian folk games.

Creating an atmosphere of national life

It is known that surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of a child’s mental qualities - they develop curiosity, cultivate a sense of beauty.

Surrounding objects that awaken a child’s soul for the first time and instill in him a sense of beauty must be national.

This allows children from a very early age to understand that they are part of the great Russian people.

This can be achieved through the creation of a subject-developing environment in which there are many objects characteristic of Russian folk life. This and the equipment of a mini-museum of the life of the Russian people, the exhibits of which introduce children to the national culture, are used as demonstration material in classes and entertainment, in games in their free time under the guidance of a teacher.

In our kindergarten, we equipped a room in the form of a corner of a “Russian hut”, where we placed objects most often mentioned in Russian fairy tales: cast iron pots, jars, bast shoes, a spinning wheel, a samovar, homespun rugs - all those surrounding objects that first awaken a child’s interest , cultivating in him a sense of beauty and curiosity. This helps children understand that they are part of the great Russian people. Our museum is unconventional: the exhibits are not located behind glass and are not fenced with rope. Here you can touch everything, take a closer look, use it in action, play with it. All exhibits are authentic.

Unregulated activities in our museum bring great pleasure to children. Children enjoy using folk objects in role-playing games, playing didactic folk games, ritual and role-playing games, looking at illustrations, playing folk musical instruments, drawing, sculpting, and engaging in various types of folk and applied arts.

The group includes:

• Music corner - with folk musical children's instruments (accordion, tambourine, rattles, wooden spoons, drum).
• “Beauty Shelf” with objects of decorative and applied art and folk toys.
• Children's books - Russian folk tales, coloring books.
• Dressing corner - sundresses, skirts, aprons, caps, scarves.
• Theater corner - masks, dolls, table theater.

Only by touching real antiques do children feel that they belong to the history of their family. Only objects made by the hands of his distant ancestors will convey to the child’s consciousness ideas about life in the distant past.

Traditional and ritual holidays

Traditional festive and ritual culture is an integral element of folk culture.

Holidays have always existed, at all times, transforming in content and form, in accordance with the spiritual and aesthetic development of society. They carry a great emotional and educational load, ensuring the transmission of traditions from generation to generation.

The first type of rituals arose on the basis of agricultural life, which is why they are sometimes called “agrarian”. The second type is associated with the biological and social development of a person and reflects the main phases in his life (three forms of ritual: birth, wedding and funeral).

Ritual holidays are closely related to labor and various aspects of human social life. They contain the most subtle observations of people on the characteristic features of the seasons, weather changes, and the behavior of birds, insects, and plants. I believe that this folk wisdom, preserved over the centuries, should be passed on to children.

Holidays, matinees, and public events evoke the greatest emotional response in children. We hold holidays and entertainment such as Maslenitsa, Christmastide, and Christmas; “Curling the Birch Tree”, “Visiting Melania’s Grandmother”; New Year's matinees, fun sports competitions, Defenders of the Fatherland Day, folklore festival “Meeting of Spring”, autumn fair and others. Children's musical experience is enriched. We talk with children about folk songs, listen to soundtracks, and perform some songs at holidays and entertainment.

By joining folk and ritual holidays, children get the opportunity to learn the characteristic features of the life of their ancestors, the traditions of the Orthodox faith, as the basis of spirituality and morality. In addition to songs, children are introduced to dance elements. This is a round dance stomping

step, step with a stampede. Children especially enjoy playing folk musical instruments: spoons, bells, rattles.

I believe that the revelation of a child’s personality is fully possible only through his inclusion in the culture of his own people. And this is not just knowledge about culture, but living in culture, living in tradition, through entering the annual holiday circle. This helps children better navigate time concepts, understand the dependence of people’s activities on natural conditions, and remember names and concepts. The cyclical nature of the folk calendar repeats these holidays and events from year to year, helping children to assimilate this material, gradually complicating and deepening it. It has already become a good tradition in our kindergarten to celebrate the following holidays:

Christmas. At NOD I learn Christmas carols with the children, put on performances for them and tell them that Christmas time is a joyful time when you can share joy with others, help the weak, show cordiality, generosity and love. Together with the children we prepare Christmas gifts.

Farewell to winter - Maslenitsa is celebrated with funny jokes, games with buffoons, singing chants, treating children to pancakes and burning of Maslenitsa.

We definitely celebrate name days according to the seasons by congratulating children, making gifts, singing songs, leading round dances and drinking tea.

The Easter holiday involves making attributes, painting eggs and folk games.

Only together with all the employees of the preschool educational institution it is possible to convey folk wisdom, kindness, and humor in a form accessible to children. I have collected notes on activities, leisure time and holidays for children, and made a selection for the whole year of folk Orthodox holidays with names, folk signs and birthday people.

Parents are invited to participate in traditional folk festivals. A plan for working with parents was drawn up, including the following tasks: 1) To interest and involve parents in active participation in calendar holidays and entertainment. 2) Joint production of attributes and costumes for the holidays.

Russian folklore

Russian folk holidays and rituals are one of the most vibrant and original components of traditional artistic culture and at the same time one of the most complex and multifaceted phenomena of its earliest type - folklore.

Russian song folklore miraculously combines words and musical rhythm and melodiousness. Oral folk art reflects, like nowhere else, the traits of the Russian character and its inherent moral values ​​- ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, loyalty, courage, and hard work. A special place in such works is occupied by a respectful attitude towards work and admiration for the skill of human hands.

The widespread use of folklore as a rich source of cognitive and spiritual and moral development of children is of great importance. The best character traits of a child are formed in preschool age through contact with the world of oral folk art.

In the “Russian Izba” we conduct thematic integrated classes to familiarize ourselves with the traditions, holidays and rituals of the Russian people, and also read and tell children Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, proverbs, sayings, omens, and introduce folklore. In the environment of Russian life, a child quickly remembers fairy tales, nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes, proverbs and sayings, riddles, and folk signs.

In an integrated form: both in the classroom and in the process of children’s independent activities, the relationship between fine art and oral folklore (rhymes, songs, fairy tales, riddles) is realized. The task of familiarizing yourself with illustrations for works of oral folklore by the artist Yu. Vasnetsov is solved in interaction with visual activities and decorative modeling (sculpture of small forms). Children really like to independently make crafts for Dymkovo toys, products with elements of Khokhloma and Gorodets paintings. Immersing children in a diverse aesthetic environment through practical activities such as creating various crafts, jewelry, and studying folklore allows children to instill a sense of beauty.

Folklore is used both in games and in all routine moments, for example during morning exercises, when washing, after sleep, etc.

Nursery rhymes, jokes, and chants addressed to children sound like a gentle talk, expressing care, tenderness, and faith in a prosperous future.

In proverbs and sayings, various positions in life are aptly assessed, shortcomings are ridiculed, and the positive qualities of people are praised. A special place in introducing older preschoolers to works of oral folk art is occupied by composing riddles with children about objects of ancient Russian life.

Thanks to this, folklore works are a rich source of cognitive and moral development of children. The main task at this stage is to reveal the spiritual potential of the works and bring it to the child in an accessible form, to expand the children’s vocabulary through a semantic explanation of unfamiliar words.

Russian folk art

The people showed their creative aspirations and abilities only in creating objects necessary in work and everyday life. However, this world of utilitarian things reflected the spiritual life of the people, their understanding of the surrounding world - beauty, nature, people, etc.

Folk craftsmen did not literally copy nature. Reality, colored by fantasy, gave rise to original images. This is how fabulously beautiful paintings on spinning wheels and dishes were born; patterns in lace and embroidery; fancy toys.

Judging by the objects that have come to us from the depths of the distant past, people have always strived for beauty and creativity, decorating their home, everything that surrounded them in work and everyday life.

Folk fine art lives in everyday life, surrounds us, to this day. It is worth taking a close look at the objects around us, and we will find in them a lot of decorative and artistic things. We need to teach children to see this, skillfully draw their attention to the beauty of the things around us, and gradually the children themselves will follow this path.

Considering folk art as the basis of national culture, it is considered very important to introduce children to it. Children enjoy looking at patterns depicting fairy-tale birds and animals. They play games: “Guess whose silhouette?”, “Folk crafts”. Children really like to trace stencils: nesting dolls, Sirin birds, Dymkovo toys, etc., and then color them. The children enjoy sculpting, appliqué and designing.

The aesthetic significance of children’s communication with works of folk art, with the process of making necessary and useful things in life, the ability to create them, is important for the overall development of children, for instilling in them a healthy moral principle, respect for work, and the development of artistic taste using the best examples of this art.

Creative activity instills in children sincere feelings of love for the world around them, respect for work, and interest in their native culture. Engaging in productive activities brings special joy and benefits to children; develop memory, creative imagination and artistic taste.

Russian folk games

Folk games stimulate the activity of thought, help broaden one’s horizons and clarify ideas about the world around us. In addition, they improve all mental processes: attention, memory, imagination, thinking, and subsequently influence self-awareness.

They are very valuable from a pedagogical point of view: they are varied, require a lot of movement, resourcefulness, ingenuity, and provide the opportunity to master physical skills and abilities. Games influence the development of mental abilities, the formation of character, will, and cultivate moral qualities.

Folk games, unfortunately, have almost disappeared from childhood today, although it is in them that the joy of movement is combined with the spiritual enrichment of children. By forming in children a stable attitude towards the culture of their native country, creating an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings, folk games contribute to the development of conscious discipline, perseverance in overcoming difficulties, and teach them to be honest and truthful.

Russian folk games attracted my attention not only as a genre of oral folk art. The enormous potential they contain for the physical development of a child prompted me to introduce folk games into the organization of children’s motor activity. Games develop dexterity, speed of movement, strength, and accuracy. Learned counting rhymes and tongue twisters make the game process more interesting and exciting.

I have developed a card index of folk games for children by age; a system of joint activities for adults and children to introduce Russian folk games. I use folk games using folklore during morning exercises, physical education classes, while walking, and during ritual holidays.

Play has always been a natural companion in a child’s life, a source of joyful emotions and has great educational power.

In children's games, echoes of ancient times and the realities of a bygone way of life have been preserved. For example, various games of “hide and seek” are a reflection of ancient methods of raising children, when there were unique schools of training for battles and hunting. The folk game has the same enduring significance as folk poetry, fairy tales, and legends. The meaning of the folk game is that it develops the child’s social behavior skills.

Folk games have a lot of humor, jokes, and competitive fervor. Children love funny counting rhymes, which sometimes consist of meaningless words and consonances. Their meaninglessness is explained by the fact that they came from adult folklore. But adults forgot about the mysterious counting, and children continue to use it in counting rhymes to this day.

Thus, play occupies an important place in a child’s life. Thanks to it, children learn to independently find a way out of a critical situation, quickly make decisions, implement them, that is, they acquire important qualities they need in their future life. An effective type of play practice in our kindergarten has become the toy library, which involves learning folk games with different developmental orientations. Children get acquainted with joke games, competition games, trap games, imitation games, and master the traditional component of games - choosing a driver by counting, drawing lots or by conspiracy.

The game library also includes homework aimed at developing interest in folk games. For example, find out what games parents and older adults played, learn these games and teach others. Game workshops are held both indoors and during walks, organized during classes, and during holidays. Children are especially interested in toy libraries united by one plot, for example, “winter games” - games with snow (snowballs, building snow forts, taking them). Another option for the game library is competition, when folk sports-type games are selected, or holding tournaments using Russian folk games.

Folk games help to introduce children not only to the gaming practices of the people, but also to folk culture in general. The joy of movement during play is combined with spiritual enrichment, children develop a stable, interested, respectful attitude towards the culture of their native country, an emotionally positive basis is created for the development of civic and patriotic feelings, for the formation of relationships with peers and adults.

Thus, my in-depth, comprehensive, systematized work to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture has positive results. The results of the work carried out to familiarize children with Russian folk culture are the positive dynamics of indicators of the quality of education and upbringing.

Kindergarten students:

1. They use nursery rhymes, counting rhymes, and riddles in active speech.
2. They know how to play Russian folk outdoor games using counting rhymes.
3. They have a rich knowledge of fairy tales and fairy-tale characters, and are able to recognize them in works of fine art.
4. Meaningful and active participation of children in Russian folk holidays (they know the name of the holiday, sing songs, perform ditties, read poetry)
5. Knowledge of the history of Russian costume and headdresses.
6. Use the attributes of Russian folk culture in independent activities.
7. They treat household items and works of folk art with care.

Particular attention is paid to strengthening ties with parents. Parents have a positive attitude towards the work on the problem of “Introducing children to the origins of folk culture.” They are active participants in replenishing the developmental environment and take direct part in a variety of events (entertainment, holidays, activities).

In the corners for parents, material on the folk calendar, Russian cuisine, folk holidays “Easter”, “Christmas”, “New Year”, “Maslenitsa”, etc. is constantly placed.

Together with the parents, the group held exhibitions:

• "Autumn Fantasy"
• "Beauty will save the world"
• "Gift to Santa Claus"
• “Here they are - golden hands”

Consequently, parents realized that they are raising their children by their own example, that every minute of communication with a child enriches him, shapes his personality, that not a single educational or educational task can be solved without fruitful contact between parents and teachers.

An invaluable contribution to the development of children’s moral and patriotic abilities is made by interaction with society: the rural library, the House of Culture (there is a rural mini-museum of Russian life here).

So, folk traditions play an important role in the educational process of a child. After all, it is in them that spiritual foundations and norms accepted in society accumulate. The system of folk traditions and customs is one of the effective means of education, as it provides a mechanism for transmitting norms of behavior, cultural and spiritual values ​​from one generation to another.

A person is not born in a rich spiritual and moral sense, therefore, competent external influence from educators, parents and the entire environment is needed. The ultimate goal is to educate a humane, spiritual and moral personality, worthy future citizens of Russia, who respect the national culture, traditions and customs of the Russian people.

Literature:

1. Childhood. Program for the development and education of children in kindergarten. – St. Petersburg: “CHILDHOOD-PRESS” 2004.
2. Zelenova, N.G., Osipova, L.E. We live in Russia. Civic-patriotic education of preschool children. (Senior group.) - M.: Publishing house "Scriptorium 2003", 2008.
3. Mulko, I.F. Development of ideas about man in history and culture: Methodological manual for preschool educational institutions. – M.: Sphere shopping center, 2009.
4. The system of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions. / Authors-compilers E.Yu. Aleksandrova and others - Volgograd: Uchitel Publishing House, 2007.
5. Where does the Motherland begin? Experience in patriotic education in preschool educational institutions / ed. L.A. Kondrykinskaya. - M.: Sphere shopping center, 2005.

prepared by teacher: Gulyaeva G.N.