Education of the basics of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children.

Healthy lifestyle of preschool children in preschool settings

Lenara Kazakova

Healthy lifestyle of preschool children in preschool settings

The concept of " health "

has many definitions.
But the most popular, and perhaps the most comprehensive definition is the one given by the World Health Organization: “ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Health is characterized by biological potential (hereditary capabilities, physiological reserves of vital activity , normal mental state and social opportunities for a person to realize all his inclinations (genetically determined )

[5, p. 125].

The concept of " healthy lifestyle "

not clearly defined: P. A. Vinogradov, B. S. Erasov, V. A. Ponomarchuk, V. I. Stolyarov and others consider
a healthy lifestyle as a global social problem, an integral part of the life of society as a whole . P. Aksenov, V.K. Balsevich, M.Ya. Vilensky, R. Dietls, I.O. Matynyuk, L.S. Kobelyanskaya and others a healthy lifestyle from the point of view of consciousness, human psychology, motivation. There are also other points of view: for example, biomedical; but there is no sharp line between them, since they are aimed at solving one problem - strengthening the health of the individual [11 , p.
6]. The problem of fostering a culture of health among all participants in the educational process in preschool educational institutions is relevant at the present stage of social development. Modern living conditions place increased demands on human health , especially for preschool children .

Preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health . After all, it is up to the age of seven that intensive development of organs and the formation of functional systems of the body occurs, the main personality traits are laid, and character is formed. It is important at this stage to form in children a base of knowledge and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle , a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports [8, p. 137].

Therefore, in a preschool institution, any activity (educational, sports, as well as eating and physical activity, etc.) will have a health-pedagogical orientation and will help develop their habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle , the formation of skills for making independent decisions in regarding maintaining and strengthening your health .

At the same time, it should be taken into account that each age period is characterized by its own characteristics, which should be taken into account in the work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle [10, p. 257].

Since a healthy lifestyle is understood as active human activity aimed at maintaining and improving health ,

then special attention should be paid to the following components of a healthy lifestyle :

proper nutrition;

compliance with personal hygiene rules;

hardening of the body;

rational physical activity;

good sleep;

maintaining a stable mental state.

Proper nutrition ensures the normal course of growth and development of the body, as well as maintaining health . Proper nutrition is of great importance for the development of the child’s body, in the prevention and treatment of many diseases.

It is necessary to pay serious attention to cultural and hygienic skills, to form habits of proper washing, wiping, caring for the oral cavity, using a handkerchief, and proper behavior when coughing and sneezing [2, p. 16].

An effective means of strengthening health is hardening.

The success and effectiveness of hardening is possible only if a number of principles are observed:

gradualism;

systematic;

complexity;

taking into account individual characteristics.

In the course of physical education and health work , namely morning exercises, health exercises after an afternoon nap, physical education minutes, health , elements of relaxation, etc., the physical, mental and moral qualities of children , independence and creativity are nurtured [4, p. . 153].

Mainly in the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers and a correct attitude towards their health appropriate games, watching films, cartoons, reading and discussing fiction, quizzes, walking, health , sports events [7, p. 23].

It is precisely such events that are most interesting for children , and in this process it is more productive to form the necessary attitude towards a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers .

It is necessary that children have the opportunity to move systematically. To do this, you need to promote the development of basic motor skills and maintain performance at a high level throughout the day.

However, it must be taken into account that a healthy lifestyle for preschoolers involves alternating active and quiet games, so a reasonable balance between physical activity and rest must be maintained [3, p. 84].

One of the main conditions for health is normal night sleep. To organize it, you must adhere to the following rules:

The child must be taught to go to bed at the same time.

1-1.5 hours before bedtime, you should reduce the flow of active impressions from TV and radio. You can take a quiet walk 30-40 minutes before bedtime. Before going to bed, it is recommended to take warm baths lasting 8-10 minutes. The room in which the child sleeps must be well ventilated [1, p. 379].

Psychological health is an important factor in a healthy lifestyle , which determines a person’s mental and emotional well-being. According to the research of L. A. Abrahamyan, M. I. Lisina, T. A. Repina, “emotional well-being”
of preschool children can be defined as a child’s stable emotional and positive well-being, the basis of which is the satisfaction of basic age needs : biological and social [10 , p.136].
The term "mental health "

introduced by I.V. Dubrovina.
He emphasizes the inseparability of the physical and mental in a person. A generalized portrait of a psychologically healthy person is a creative,
cheerful , cheerful, open person who knows himself and the world around him not only with his mind, but also with his feelings and intuition. Such a person takes responsibility for his life and is in constant development.

According to I.V. Dubrovina, the basis of psychological health is the full mental development of the child at all stages. The authors argue that psychological health should be considered from the point of view of the spiritual wealth of the individual, orientation towards absolute values ​​(kindness, beauty, truth)

[10, p. 191].

To maintain psychological health, it is necessary to take care of the prevention of neuroses in children . Important factors in the prevention of neurosis are a healthy psychological climate in the family and in preschool educational institutions, a favorable psychological atmosphere in interpersonal relationships and adherence to a properly organized hygienic regime [3, p. 68].

In matters of children's health , doctors, teachers, psychologists, specialists and parents should go hand in hand. The main goal should be to educate children about a healthy lifestyle , the need to be healthy , to protect and improve health , and to value the happiness of health .

The health improvement of pupils cannot be effective if it is carried out only by medical workers. This work requires close collaboration with teaching staff and parents.

Parents should not forget that they are role models in all periods of their child’s life , and how the mother or father behaves in a given situation determines the child’s behavior and life principles [6, p. 28].

Teachers and parents must teach their child the right choice in any situation. Only good for health and avoid everything harmful. Instill in a child from an early age the correct attitude towards their health and responsibility for it. These tasks must be solved by creating a holistic system to preserve the physical, mental and social well-being of the child.

Forming a healthy lifestyle is not just the acquisition of certain knowledge, but a lifestyle , adequate behavior in various situations on the street and at home. Everything we teach our children , they must apply in real life . It is necessary to instill in children the motivation for a healthy lifestyle through an understanding of health as a leading indicator of environmental beauty, as a means of achieving success in life .

A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of various aspects of human life , the full performance of social functions and the achievement of active longevity.

List of sources used

1. Aizman, R.I. Physiological foundations of health / R. I. Aizman, A. Ya. Turner. – N.: 2001. – 524 p.

2. Berseneva, Z. I. Healthy baby . / Z. I. Berseneva. - M.: 2005. - 32 p.

3. Galanov, A. S. Mental and physical development of a child from 3 to 5 years old / A. S. Galanov. - M.: 2006. - 96 p.

4. Doskin, V. A. How to preserve and strengthen the health of a child / V. A. Doskin, L. G. Golubeva. – M.: 2006. – 144 p.

5. Zinchenko, V. P. Psychological Dictionary / V. P. Zinchenko, B. G. Meshcheryakova. – M.: 2006. – 479 p.

6. Krylova, N. I. Health-saving space in preschool educational institutions / N. I. Krylova. - M.: 2009. - 218 p.

7. Kuznetsova, M. N. System of comprehensive measures for the improvement of children’s health in preschool educational institutions / M. N. Kuznetsova. - M.: 2002. - 64 p.

8. Nikiforova, G. S. Psychology of health / G. S. Nikiforova. – P.: 2003. – 607 p.

9. Novikova, I. M. Formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle in preschool children / I. M. Novikova. – M.: 2010. – 96 p.

10. Omelchenko, S. A. Interaction of social institutions of society in the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents / S. A. Omelchenko. – L.: 2007. – 352 p.

11. Smirnova, E. O. Psychology of the child / E. O. Smirnova. – M.: 1997. – 374 p.

1.What is a healthy lifestyle

Healthy lifestyle – healthy lifestyle. Nowadays it is very popular to lead a healthy lifestyle. People now look differently at nutrition, sports and attitude towards their body.

Leading a healthy lifestyle is not an easy task. Because in our modern world there are a lot of temptations.

A person wants to experience pleasure from sweets and baked goods. I want to spend my day off lying on the couch. Have a beer with friends in the evening.

At such moments our brain rests. The moral and physical fatigue accumulated over the week is released.

But the body does not experience any benefit at all. Have you ever thought about this?

It seems to you that after spending the weekend at home, in sleepy fly mode, you have rested. But your body has 100% gained 100-200 grams of fat and stored it in its bins.

You won’t notice it at all, but after just six months of living at this pace, you will add 2-3 extra pounds.

It has long been proven that gaining weight is easy, but getting rid of it is the opposite. We don’t have enough willpower, spirit, or anything else for this.

Our body is a complex machine that requires constant monitoring. I relaxed a little and everything around me hung, blurred and flooded with fat.

The body needs constant cleaning, replenishment with useful substances, and of course it needs movement.

For our body, the primary is nutrition, the secondary is movement, and the tertiary is water.

A healthy lifestyle consists of these three main things.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Physical education instructor, I qualification category: Sergeeva Zinaida Vitalievna Cheboksary, 2022 Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution “Kindergarten No. 140” in the city of Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic

The President of the Russian Federation clearly outlined in his Address to the Federal Assembly the tasks of improving people’s health, noting that in our country “every person is important and valuable so that he feels needed, lives a long and, most importantly, healthy life . The head of state also set the task of increasing life expectancy: “By the end of the next decade, Russia should confidently enter the club of “80 plus” countries , where life expectancy exceeds 80 years.” He especially emphasized that “the duration of a healthy, active, full life should increase at a faster pace, when a person is not limited or constrained by illness...”

On the eve of the new academic year of the Russian Federation, V. Putin decided to instruct the Government of the Russian Federation to work on the issue of tax deductions for citizens’ expenses on sports until September 10. The head of the country has clearly identified among the priority government tasks for raising a healthy nation, set a course for active longevity, introduction to a healthy lifestyle from childhood, and the popularization of physical education and sports. And the state is taking effective measures to solve the assigned problems. Following the results of a joint meeting of the Presidential Council for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports and the Supervisory Board of the Russia 2018 gave instructions to introduce tax deductions in 2022 to encourage Russians to play sports. It is proposed to allow citizens to receive such a tax deduction both for their own sports activities and for the activities of their children. In order to achieve the goal set in the May decree of the President of the Russian Federation by 2024 - to increase the number of Russians constantly involved in physical education and sports to 55% - it is necessary for sports to be financially accessible to people, that is, mass.

To lay a strong foundation for health from childhood, we need new scientific research, innovative methods, effective modern technologies for physical education of children of early and preschool age, intensive development of the appropriate infrastructure, etc. To form a healthy, viable and socially active younger generation, it is important to educate through physical education personal and psychophysical qualities necessary for a person in the modern world. This is the ability to rationally organize one’s time, internal discipline, composure, dexterity, speed, speed of assessing the situation and making decisions, perseverance in achieving a set goal, the ability to constructively perceive failures, overcome difficulties, self-confidence and the desire for the best.

“Taking care of health is the most important job of a teacher. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the cheerfulness and vigor of children . - considered V.A. Sukhomlinsky.

Life in the 21st century confronts us with many problems, among which the most pressing is the problem of maintaining health and developing the habit of a healthy lifestyle. Our children are our future. Our Motherland will only be a strong, prosperous and competitive country when its younger generation is healthy. There is no task more important and at the same time more difficult than raising a healthy person.

How to strengthen and maintain children's health? How to promote the formation of a child’s physical culture? How to instill healthy lifestyle skills? When should I start this? How to help a growing child realize his right to health and a happy life?

The answer worries both teachers and their parents. It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to the age of 7 that a person goes through a huge developmental path, unique throughout his entire subsequent life. It is during this period that intensive development of organs takes place, the formation of functional systems of the body, the main personality traits are laid, character and attitude towards oneself and others are formed. That is why it is so important to form the habit of a healthy lifestyle in preschool age.

The formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle should be carried out easily and imperceptibly, unobtrusively, but always with pleasure and sincere interest on the part of both adults and children.

To form a healthy image in preschoolers, special exercises that strengthen the health of children and a system of physical education are necessary. To achieve this, morning exercises are held daily in the gym, the purpose of which is to create a cheerful, cheerful mood in children, improve health, develop dexterity and physical strength. Morning gymnastics and special physical education classes in the gym are accompanied by music, which “has a beneficial effect on the emotional sphere of a preschooler, promotes children’s good mood, and shapes their ideas about a healthy lifestyle .

Outdoor games are of great importance for the formation of preschool children’s ideas about a healthy lifestyle. They are carried out in groups, in special classes, during walks and at intermediate intervals between classes. Outdoor games are necessarily included in music classes. Games for younger preschoolers are organized by the teacher, and at older ages such games are most often organized by the children themselves.

In addition to daily morning exercises, special physical education classes are conducted for preschool children. Their goal is to teach children the correct execution of movements, various exercises aimed at developing body coordination and increasing independent motor activity.

In the kindergarten, medical monitoring of children's health is constantly carried out, and preventive measures are taken to strengthen it.

The development of interest in different sports is carried out through sports work:

• morning exercises;
• corrective gymnastics after sleep;
• sport games;
• sports activities, holidays;
• outdoor games while walking.

Strengthening health and hardening the body goes through different types of health-improving work: - breathing exercises;

• corrective gymnastics (flat feet, posture).

A variety of physical education activities have a positive effect on the physical development of children:

• gaming;
• plot;
• walk-hike;
• relay competitions.

When implementing work to develop a healthy lifestyle in children in preschool settings, it is necessary to carry out activities through classes, routines, games, walks, individual work, and independent activities.

• stories and conversations of the teacher;
• memorizing poems;
• modeling of various situations;
• examination of illustrations, plot, subject pictures, posters;
• role-playing games;
• didactic games;
• games-trainings;
• outdoor games;
• finger and breathing exercises;
• self-massage;
• physical education minutes.

When working with families, both traditional and non-traditional forms of work are used:

• Open days: parents can attend any health and physical education classes, morning exercises, and get acquainted with the forms of health work in the preschool educational institution;
• Health days, joint celebrations and entertainment. The purpose of such events is to promote a healthy lifestyle. Involving parents in such forms of leisure, when they run, jump, compete with their children, is useful for everyone, and especially for children - it creates a good emotional mood and gives great joy from mutual communication;
• Manufacturing of non-standard physical education equipment and winter buildings on the kindergarten site. Issues of family newspapers “The Path to Health”
• Round table meetings, parent meetings with the participation of preschool education specialists and medical workers;
• Joint hikes and nature walks;
• Individual pedagogical conversations and consultations on health issues;
• Visual information makes it possible to involve parents in issues of physical education.

When carrying out work, use positive assessment, praise, and encouragement. It is known: praise stimulates, but an angry word, on the contrary, offends.

Practice shows that activities to form the foundations of a healthy lifestyle in preschool children during the day, a properly designed regimen yields results: children are calm, active, there is no crying, no agitation, children do not refuse food, they fall asleep calmly and quickly, sleep soundly and wake up cheerful.

Being indoors and outdoors in appropriate clothing, extensive washing with cool water, barefoot, sleeping with the window open, active exercise in the air - all these are moments of hardening that are actively used in the work on developing a healthy lifestyle.

So, the process of forming a healthy lifestyle for preschool children is associated with the formation of habits of cleanliness, compliance with hygienic requirements, with an active lifestyle, ideas about the environment and its impact on human health. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is carried out in the process of classes, routine moments, walks, play, and work.

Cognitive nature in the content of the work

Currently, both educators and parents are concerned about the problem of children's health. It is very important to develop in a child the right attitude towards his health and the skills of a healthy lifestyle. During the preschool period, basic skills for developing a healthy lifestyle are laid. Educators need to help children: be conscious of health and life; acquire knowledge about health and acquire the skills to protect, maintain and preserve it. Conducting educational conversations with children occupies a significant place in the content of work on promoting a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the conversations is to make children want to take care of their bodies. It is necessary to introduce children to the structure of the body; with the basics of first aid for injuries, conversations with kindergarten medical staff, and also conduct conversations on safe behavior (on the road, on a pond, in case of fire). In conversations it is necessary to give examples about the accidents that could happen to children if they are left unaccompanied by an adult, conversations about what harms us or does my body have enemies? Among such “enemies” , at least four can be distinguished: dirt, dangerous objects, temperature differences, external stimuli (strong or weak light, strong sound). In a conversation you can use the poems of K. Chukovsky “Moidodyr” , “Fedorino’s grief” , A. Barto, Mikhalkov “About mimosa” .

Conversations are planned on a calendar basis. Of course, conversations alone are not enough to develop a healthy lifestyle in children. Problems need to be solved in all types of children's activities. Taking into account the visually effective and visually figurative nature of preschoolers’ thinking, the main material should be presented using visual and practical methods. In visual methods, use observation (when conducting excursions, also use illustrations “Road safety” , “Don’t play with fire” , in practical methods use didactic games, where we reinforce cultural and hygienic skills with children “So that the skin is healthy” , “How to you need to take care of yourself " , "How to take care of your teeth" . Conduct an educational conversation for children, "What are the sense organs?" As a result, children will learn that a person has several sense organs (vision, hearing, smell-nose organ, taste organ- tongue, organ-of-touch-skin).Children are independently led to the conclusion that every sense organ and part of the body is vital for a person, they all help to learn more about the environment.

The use of didactic games like “Identify by sound” (which instrument sounds, which object makes the sound) helps; “Guess who called” , “Wonderful bag” , “What are you eating” , “Know by the smell” . In role-playing games such as “Polyclinic ,” the child learns the names of different sense organs and body parts. Finger gymnastics and physical education exercises play an important role. The importance lies in the fact that children focus on their senses and body parts, and knowledge about them is consolidated.

Very important in kindergarten is the child’s daily routine, morning exercises, breathing exercises, health training after sleep (prevention of flat feet, physical education. It is necessary to ventilate the bedroom before bedtime. It is also important to carry out hardening (air, water, sun).

The self-examination method is important for research activities. So, when studying the appearance and structure of the skin, conduct experiments with children, examine the skin with a magnifying glass, and study finger drawings. While working, children must understand the importance of hygiene procedures for their health. When carrying out work on a healthy lifestyle, include research tasks that encourage children to engage in independent mental and practical activity, activating thinking and creative imagination: “What to do if your hands are dirty and there is no water nearby?” “How to make stream water drinkable?” , “Why do you need eyes, ears, etc.?”

Invite children to close their eyes and tell what they “see” around them, to draw something with their eyes closed. Then the children can independently draw conclusions about why it was difficult for them to complete the task. Along the way, moral tasks are touched upon here, for example, respecting people who have vision problems, the ability to empathize, strive to help them, etc.

Family education is of great importance in the development of the cognitive activity of a preschool child, so you need to work in close cooperation with parents. It is necessary to have individual conversations (for example, about the benefits and harms of a computer, post consultations on healthy lifestyles in the parent corner, where parents receive theoretical material, conduct a survey with parents on healthy lifestyles. A favorable alliance between the teacher and parents contributes to the continuity of the kindergarten and the family in the physical education of preschoolers.

The conclusion is that in the process of joint activities of teachers, children and parents, it is possible to successfully solve the problems of developing in preschoolers the skills of independent cognitive and creative work, the emergence and strengthening of children’s interest in a healthy lifestyle, and increasing the level of knowledge on the culture of health.

Working methods:

• stories and conversations of the teacher
• memorizing poems
• examination of illustrations, plot, subject pictures, posters
• role-playing games
• didactic games
• outdoor games
• psycho-gymnastics
• finger gymnastics
• physical education minutes
• use of ICT

Forms can be used both group and individual.

Acting out the skit “The Importance of Hearing” (Manual “Physical Education Instructor No. 5 2016, p. 75)

Thus, the use of all forms and methods of work in educating children about the concepts and values ​​of a healthy lifestyle helps to make children’s lives rich, to educate preschoolers in the basics of a healthy lifestyle and a love of physical education.

Literature

1. Physical education instructor No. 4, 2022
2. Physical education instructor No. 5, 2022
3. T. A. Shorygina “Conversations about health” . Toolkit. Creative, Moscow, 2004
4. L. V. Kochetkova. Improvement of children's health in a kindergarten. Moscow. Education. 2005
5. O. N. Morgunova Physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions. Voronezh, 2005
6. E. I. Podolskaya. Outdoor sports activities for children 5–7 years old. Volgograd. Teacher, 2010
7. N. I. Krylov. Health is a space-saving preschool educational institution. Volgograd. Teacher, 2009.
8. K.K. Utrobina. Entertaining physical education in kindergarten. M. Education, 2003
9. T. M. Babunova Preschool pedagogy. Tutorial. Shopping center Sphere, 2007
10. Sorokina I.V. Forms and methods of work on developing a healthy lifestyle in children // Young scientist. - 2016. - No. 6. - pp. 823-825. —

5.How to develop healthy lifestyle skills in preschool children

Only those parents who themselves lead a healthy lifestyle can develop healthy lifestyle skills in their children. And that's a fact.

If a mother leads a sedentary lifestyle, after work she runs not to the gym, but to the store for semi-finished products, then unfortunately, the child will develop exactly the same ideas about life.

If dad comes home from work and collapses on the sofa and watches TV all evening, then the little son will think that this is how adult life should be.

Therefore, to begin with, healthy lifestyle skills must be developed by parents.

Children copy mom and dad from a very early age. The way they speak and gesture—children absorb it like a sponge.

Why do children swear? Because they hear it from the environment. Why do children clink glasses after the weekend when they come to kindergarten for breakfast? Because that's how my parents spent their weekend.

3. Physical development of the child

If your baby is growing and developing normally and you have no medical contraindications, then it is necessary to instill in your child a love of sports.

From an early age, many parents send their children to various sports sections: dancing, swimming, karate, football, hockey, figure skating and others.

A child who plays sports in the future will have an advantage over those children who do nothing.

Regular training develops discipline in a person. In addition, training strengthens muscles, develops physical strength, and strengthens the immune system.

Sports people always delight the eyes of others, be it a man or a woman.

People who live by sports are very responsible and persistent in achieving their goals. This is what their coaches and mentors teach them from childhood.

Undoubtedly, such qualities are very necessary in adult life. They will help a person even when he stops playing sports.

Therefore, developing a child in the physical sense is a very good activity.

Morning work-out

But I also want to note that, in addition to sports sections, a child needs to know that even daily morning exercises are of great importance for human health.

If you start every morning with basic exercises, your body will be alert and fit even if you do not exercise regularly.

I also include hardening as part of a child’s physical development. This is a process that needs to start from early childhood. It is undoubtedly useful for developing immunity.

Hardening gives the body good spirits and resistance to various viruses and infections.

Hygiene

An integral part of physical development is hygiene. Teach your child to take care of his own body from an early age.

Regular bathing, hand washing, well-groomed washed hair, and trimmed fingernails and toenails give a neat appearance.

A teenager must be taught to regularly visit the bathhouse. Because this is where waste, salts and toxins leave the body.

It is always more pleasant to communicate with a beautiful, well-groomed person.