Aesthetic education of preschoolers is according to the Federal State Educational Standard in pedagogy

Aesthetic education of preschoolers is the organization of children’s life activities within the family and preschool educational institutions, which contributes to the child’s formation of knowledge and ideas about beauty, the development of the ability to see beauty in everything that surrounds him.

A person already at an early age begins to see the beauty of toys, music, and notices the bright colors around him. However, the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children cannot be imagined without the comprehensive work of educators and the presence of an educational environment.

In most preschool education programs, aesthetic education is given one of the leading places; the difference lies only in the name of the approach. The importance of this direction can hardly be overestimated. A child deprived of aesthetic development at an older age will have difficulty expressing himself in work that requires a creative, inspired approach.

The famous Russian classic A.P. Chekhov once said: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts.” This is the result of competent artistic and aesthetic education of preschool children. A child must be able to see, appreciate, create beauty, and also be “beautiful” himself, that is, be a spiritual, humane, moral and harmonious person.

Understanding what it is

Aesthetic education of preschool children is a systematic and purposeful process aimed at developing the child’s artistic perception of the world. According to this concept, children must learn to see the beauty of the nature around them. In addition, they not only become familiar with art, but also

Education of aesthetics in children includes many concepts. It is inextricably linked with moral development. Therefore, the educational process is structured so that the child receives knowledge in all areas provided for by the Federal State Educational Standard. For example, you can make an integrated lesson consisting of aesthetic and moral education.

Recommendations for teachers and educators

Recommendations for the moral and aesthetic education of preschoolers include a number of methods and principles:

1. Aesthetics of the environment (live plants, furniture, color scheme for playrooms, cleanliness and order).
2. Independent artistic activity (classes in free creativity using decorative and applied arts).
3. Classes with a teacher (development of tastes and ideals under the supervision and sensitive guidance of a mentor).

There are some features of aesthetic education of preschool children in preschool educational institutions. Unlike the home environment, creative activity takes place among peers and under the guidance of a competent mentor. This motivates the child to do everything better so that he is praised and distinguished from the rest. If at home a child often gives up at the first failure, then in kindergarten, looking at the example of other children, he will look for ways to cope with the task. Therefore, creative and aesthetic activities should be carried out precisely in preschool educational institutions.

To do this, the teacher must clearly understand what creativity is and what competencies and skills the child should acquire as a result.

Indicators of creative activity (according to I. Lerner):

• the ability to use old knowledge in a new situation without outside help;
• the ability to find and apply new functions of an already known object;
• the ability to see problems in a standard situation;
• the ability to combine previously known methods into new ones.

The teacher should encourage the child for showing independence, and in no case scold if the children, for example, start drawing a bouquet instead of one flower. What is important is a relaxed atmosphere and some relaxation of discipline - let the preschoolers talk, go to the window or stand with toys. Then the aesthetic education of preschoolers will be carried out with joy and inspiration for the child.

Goals and objectives

In the course of teaching activities, educators solve the following tasks:

• Helps the child develop aesthetic perception.
• Form an idea of ​​aesthetics.
• Develop artistic and creative abilities.
• Form aesthetic taste.

The purpose of this training is to introduce the child to the world of art. He develops elementary ideas about its varieties. Children develop the prerequisites for value-semantic perception.

Nature as a means of developing aesthetic tastes

Nature is the most important aesthetic environment. The sooner he becomes acquainted with nature, the deeper the impression it will leave in his heart, predetermining further spiritual development. Everything is important here: walks, getting to know the world of animals and insects, flowers and trees, works of children's writers and poets, art paintings, conversations and activities in the kindergarten.

The child must see by what laws nature develops, how the seasons change, how the weather, plants, and animals change. It is important to point out to the child the beauty of these processes and phenomena and reinforce them in the classroom using a creative task. Preschool children are especially interested in the animal world: pets, wild predators, butterflies and ants.

In the stories of E. Charushin and V. Bianki, in a realistic narrative, animals are presented as people, with their own characters and moods. The children happily listen to such fairy tales, and later draw their heroes, which helps develop the artistic and creative abilities of preschoolers.

It is necessary to organize meetings with animals for children. It could be a zoo, a farm or a circus. It's good if the family has a pet. The same applies to the plant world. The more time a child spends in the eco-environment, the more inspiration he will have for creativity.

The artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children can only be carried out in continuous connection with environmental education. This integration contributes to the child’s development of skills of analysis, synthesis, comparison, development of imagination, positive and moral attitude towards both nature and culture.

Meaning

From the first days of life, children begin to explore the world around them. Kids are drawn to bright toys and look at colorful pictures. Art, even the simplest, is a source of joyful emotions.

At the same time, children appreciate everything beautiful. They analyze the shape of things, their sound (musical instruments). The emotional response to everything attractive occurs unconsciously. Therefore, in early preschool age, aesthetic education is closely related to sensory culture.

Since the baby’s physical abilities are still limited, he studies all objects with his eyes and hands. The combination of the lines of things and their colors allows the child to appreciate their attractiveness.

A feature of aesthetic education is that the child experiences joyful emotions from meeting a beautiful object. It evokes a range of positive experiences in a child’s soul. This contributes to better development of the child.

Pedagogical basics

In the course of his activities, the teacher must be able to encourage the child not only to emotionally celebrate objects of art, but also to form his own aesthetic idea of ​​them. Thanks to this, kids learn to appreciate, they develop basic concepts about beautiful objects.

In preschool age, along with aesthetic education, the formation of artistic skills occurs. If a child has certain inclinations, then there is a great chance of developing them into talent.

Aesthetic education of preschoolers should be diverse in order to identify a gifted child in time

Giftedness cannot be missed. If children are able not only to form personal impressions and express them, but also to convey them physically (drawing, modeling), then this indicates a higher stage of development.

In his work, the teacher conducts a large number of practical classes. Children's creativity is mainly based on imitation. The younger the child, the more he tries to repeat everything after the adult.

At an older age, children already show initiative. For example, they can supplement the drawing with details not included in the plan. Such independence cannot be suppressed.

As children grow older, they have a desire to add new details to the drawing—this needs to be supported.

The basis of pedagogical activity is not only the introduction of the child to art. First of all, children themselves are creators. And when the desire to create awakens in them, it needs to be supported. In older groups of kindergarten, artistic crafts become fuller and more expressive.

Krupskaya N.K. noted that along with the aesthetic sense, creative thinking develops. This is easy to notice if you watch children. The most developed children can independently organize a role-playing game. Their imagination works, they themselves distribute roles, create a variety of situations.

Thus, the teacher gives children a lot of knowledge during their education. The preschoolers themselves combine everything together, evaluate what they see and hear. This ultimately gives a good result: the child is developed not only morally, but also understands the aesthetics of the world. He knows how to apply his knowledge in practice.

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, aesthetics training should take place in close conjunction with artistic skills. Thanks to modeling and drawing, the child expresses his experiences and impressions of what he sees. Children are offered a lot of options to realize themselves. The purpose of such events is to create a desire to create.

Features of the development of technical creativity in preschool children

Technical creativity teaches a preschool child not only perseverance and patience, but also helps to develop certain abilities:

• The ability to find non-standard solutions to the tasks assigned to them and select a means for these solutions.
• Plan your activities.
• Compare, find differences and similarities, generalize.
• Select parts and combine them into a whole.
• Analyze your actions step by step, draw conclusions, give an account of your actions, assume further options for the development of events, correct shortcomings, identify advantages and use them in the future.

Lessons of traditional and non-traditional drawing in kindergarten

In addition, preschoolers learn to interact with each other, gain experience working in a team, learn to negotiate, look for a way out of the current situation, and develop their imagination.

Note ! The main type of activity of a preschooler according to the Federal State Educational Standard is play, which is inextricably linked with a toy. One follows from the other: a toy gives rise to play activity, and by developing play activity, it attracts new toys. Therefore, it is better to engage in technical creativity with little ones through play. The game helps to captivate the preschooler, interest him and achieve the desired result.

The best option for technical creativity of kids are:

• magnetic constructors;
• building kits;
• various cubes;
• block constructors;
• modeling kits;
• constructors with joint fastening;
• bolt-on constructors.

Innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions to unlock the creative potential of preschoolers

Innovative technologies in kindergarten are the use of modern components to improve the educational process.

The main types of innovative technologies in preschool educational institutions include:

• Project activities. The project is developed together with the teacher, helps the preschooler acquire new knowledge and systematize existing knowledge. The projects themselves are classified according to several criteria.
• Personality-oriented technologies. The teacher’s task is to select methods, games and activities that allow a particular child to develop as much as possible.
• Information and communication technologies. Consists of using personal computers, projectors, tablets, interactive whiteboards and other things in the classroom. The technology helps to attract kids. They are developing new skills. With it you can watch educational videos, films, cartoons. Improves educational process and presentation.
• Health-saving technologies. They consist of conducting thematic conversations, morning exercises, physical education sessions, sports festivals and other sporting events.

• Research activities. A research paper is similar to a course project. Teaches a preschooler to explore the world around him, understand the task at hand, find the problem and give it a definition. The main activity in this case is an experiment that contributes to the development of the baby’s thinking.
• Corrective technologies. Aimed at relieving emotional tension in the group. Relaxing music, color therapy, special games and exercises can be used.
• Gaming technologies. They occupy a dominant role due to the fact that play is the main activity of preschool children. At the same time, the game has a cognitive and developmental function.

The artistic and aesthetic development of a preschooler helps to make the child a comprehensively developed personality, capable of appreciating and seeing the beauty around him, and creating beauty with his own hands.

Psychological aspect

During their education, children develop an aesthetic taste. It manifests itself in the appreciation of works of art, when examining paintings. At the same time, you can admire the beauty of the world in everyday life. Children see aesthetics in the objects and clothes around them.

Aesthetic education of preschoolers is a long process, in which the main role is given to education. In this case, the teacher influences, first of all, the child’s psychology. Children are read books (certain works for each age group) and allowed to listen to music.

To experience the beauty of the literary word, read books by such authors as:

• Chukovsky K. I.
• Marshak S. Ya.
• Mikhalkov S. V.

The works of the following composers help to understand the beauty of music:

• Kabalevsky D. B.
• Tchaikovsky P. I.

All this affects children psychologically. They do not expend physical effort to listen to works. Only the brain works. If books bring children pleasure, then this shapes their aesthetic taste.

Artistic and aesthetic development and artistic and aesthetic education of preschool children

Ekaterina Chernysheva

Artistic and aesthetic development and artistic and aesthetic education of preschool children

«Artistic and aesthetic development»

and “
Artistic and aesthetic education .
Before talking about the concept of “ artistic and aesthetic development ”

Let us consider the concepts of
“aesthetic
education ” and
“
artistic education ” .

Aesthetic education of preschoolers is a long process, the goal of which is to develop in children the ability to perceive the beauty of the world around them, as well as the development of creative abilities that are in their infancy. It starts almost from birth. Aesthetic education of young children , essentially preschool , is a fairly broad concept. It includes the development of attitudes towards the world , everyday life, nature, work and social life in general.

Artistic education is identified as its component .

Artistic education involves education through the means of art. According to classical studies, its main goal is the formation of a culture of creative personality, which manifests itself socially and individually and which, in the process of identifying the internal image and in the creative perception of the external world, creates artistic values . Its main task is to form a child’s positive and active attitude towards art and the need for it.

The concept of "aesthetic education "

much broader, it affects both
artistic creativity and the aesthetics of everyday life, behavior, work, and relationships. Aesthetic education shapes a person with all aesthetically significant objects and phenomena, including art as its most powerful means. Aesthetic education artistic education for its purposes , develops a person mainly not for art, but for his active aesthetic life.
There are different definitions of the concept of “ artistic and aesthetic education ”. Let's look at some of them.

From the dictionary of aesthetics: artistic and aesthetic education is a system of activities aimed at developing and improving a person’s ability to perceive , correctly understand, appreciate and create the beautiful and sublime in art.

N. Varkki gives the following formulation: artistic and aesthetic education of preschool children is “a purposeful process of forming a creatively active personality of a child, capable of perceiving and appreciating the beauty in life and art.”

Zaporozhets I.D. defines artistic and aesthetic education as “the organization of children’s life and activities, promoting the development of the child’s aesthetic and artistic feelings , the formation of ideas and knowledge about the beauty in life and art, aesthetic assessments and an aesthetic attitude towards everything that surrounds us.”

In both definitions, we are talking about the fact that artistic and aesthetic education should form artistic taste , develop and improve in the child the ability of aesthetic awareness of beauty in art and in life, to correctly understand and evaluate it.

According to D. B. Likhachev, artistic and aesthetic education is a purposeful process of formation of a creative personality capable of perceiving , feeling, appreciating beauty and creating artistic values .

T. N. Fokina believes: “ Artistic and aesthetic education is the education of a holistic, harmoniously developed personality , which is characterized by a well-formed aesthetic consciousness, the presence of a system of aesthetic needs and interests, creative abilities, a correct understanding of beauty in reality and art.”

From these definitions it is clear that artistic and aesthetic education develops the ability for independent creativity and the creation of beauty, develops the ability to creatively create handmade products.

So, artistic and aesthetic education has an active and creative orientation, which should not be limited only to a contemplative task, it should also form the ability to create beauty in art and life.

These goals are also reflected by the peculiarity of artistic and aesthetic education as part of the entire pedagogical process. Any goal cannot be considered without tasks. Most teachers (G. S. Labkovskaya, D. B. Likhachev, E. M. Toroshilova and others)

There are three leading tasks
of artistic and aesthetic education :
- the creation of a certain stock of elementary aesthetic knowledge and impressions, without which inclination, craving, and interest in aesthetically significant objects and phenomena cannot arise.

— “the formation, on the basis of acquired knowledge, and the development of the abilities of artistic and aesthetic perception of such socio-psychological qualities of a person that provide her with the opportunity to emotionally experience and evaluate aesthetically significant objects and phenomena, to enjoy them” (V. G. Razhnikov)

.

artistic and aesthetic creative ability in each The essence of this task is that the child must not only know beauty, be able to admire and appreciate it, but he must also actively participate in the creation of beauty in art and life, and independently create handmade products. The result of artistic and aesthetic education is artistic and aesthetic development as “the process and result of mastering the aesthetic and artistic experience of mankind , the development of the ability to experience various phenomena of reality as beautiful, to respond emotionally to artistic images and the manifestation of beauty in the world; formation and improvement of aesthetic consciousness, attitude to human aesthetic activity" (A. G. Gogoberidze, O. V. Solntseva)

.

It is important to develop such qualities , such abilities that will allow the individual not only to achieve success in any activity, but also to be the creator of aesthetic values, to enjoy them and the beauty of the surrounding reality. In addition to the formation of artistic and aesthetic attitude to reality and art, artistic and aesthetic education simultaneously contributes to their comprehensive development . It contributes to the formation of a person’s morality, expands his knowledge about the world, society and nature. A variety of creative activities for children contribute to the development of their thinking and imagination, will, perseverance, organization, and discipline.

The entire system of artistic and aesthetic education is aimed at the overall development of the child, both in aesthetic and artistic terms , and in spiritual, moral and intellectual terms. This is achieved by solving the following tasks: mastering the child’s knowledge of artistic and aesthetic culture , developing the ability for artistic and aesthetic creativity and development of aesthetic psychological qualities of a person, which are expressed by aesthetic perception , feeling, evaluation, taste and other mental categories of aesthetic education .

The concept of “ artistic and aesthetic development ”

is broader than the concept of
“
artistic and aesthetic education ” , since in
the artistic and aesthetic development of the individual the main role is given to artistic and aesthetic education - as a purposeful, systematic activity to manage the process of formation of the personality as a whole or its individual qualities. But, as we know, development also depends on interaction with the environment and on biological factors. While artistic and aesthetic education depends on the spiritual and moral values ​​that are accepted in the family, society, and state, that is, it depends on the environment in which a person is brought up .
How (with what)

artistic and aesthetic development carried out educational organization?
In accordance with the Federal State for preschool education, artistic and aesthetic development assumes :

— development of prerequisites for value-semantic perception and understanding of works of art (verbal, musical, visual, the natural world;

- the formation of an aesthetic attitude towards the surrounding world;

— formation of elementary ideas about types of art;

- perception of music , fiction , folklore;

- stimulating empathy for the characters of works of art ;

- implementation of independent creative activities of children (visual, constructive-model, musical, etc.)

.

Artistic and aesthetic development by communication with beauty in all its manifestations. First of all, it should be highlighted:

— communication with beauty in nature;

- communication with art (music, literature, theater, works of artistic and decorative creativity );

- communication with beauty in everyday life, including human relationships.

Aesthetic communication is a special condition and means of aesthetic education , aimed at getting children interested, igniting their hearts, developing activity in them , awakening in every child faith in his creative abilities, in the fact that he came into the world to create goodness and beauty, bring people joy.

Educational work on the artistic and aesthetic development of children in preschool educational institutions should be carried out simultaneously in several directions:

— interaction between teachers and children.

- interaction with families.

— cooperation with institutions of the social and pedagogical environment.

One of the most important components of the system of work on the artistic and aesthetic development of children is the organization of the educational process. In kindergarten, interaction between teachers and children on artistic and aesthetic development is carried out through the following forms of work:

- direct educational activities (classes in basic activities: drawing, modeling, appliqué, music, reading fiction ). Modern forms of organizing classes are diverse and are designed based on an understanding of the essence and originality of artistic , musical, and verbal works of art. It is also necessary to organize work with an artistic and aesthetic orientation in all types of classes (integration of educational areas)

.
This is the inclusion of artistic expression , musical accompaniment, demonstration of illustrations, dramatization, etc. Educational situations can be organized during a walk (drawing “in the open air”
, etc.)

- joint activities of teachers and children (holidays, entertainment , themed musical evenings, theatrical performances, didactic games, exhibitions of drawings and crafts, etc.). The modern form is projects of an artistic and aesthetic orientation . You can take as a basis the topics proposed by the children, as well as those provided for in the educational program. One of the interesting forms of organizing children's activities is an excursion (to parks, gardens, museums, theaters, around the city, to the library, etc.)

.
At the same time, we must remember that the main object of cognition should remain the emotional and figurative contemplation of what is perceived (genuine objects in their pristine state, harmony and connection with the surrounding space).
- independent children's activities (games and exercises that stimulate the expansion of aesthetic experience, its processing and reflection; design activities aimed at changing the group space and “play corners”

, compiling various collections, staging, productive activities, activities based on interests, etc.).

Work with children on artistic and aesthetic development is carried out in the following areas:

-introduction to the fine arts and the development of creativity in visual activity (activation and development of an emotional response to the manifestation of beauty in the surrounding world, its depiction in works of art and one’s own creative works, the development of artistic and aesthetic perception , aesthetic assessments, preferences, desire to experience art; development emotional-aesthetic, creative, sensory and cognitive abilities, development of visual activity, activation of creative manifestations of children in the process of familiarization with art and their own visual activity).

-musical education ( development of general musical culture, accumulation of experience in interaction with musical works, development in the child of the position of an active participant, performer-creator of musical works, in order to express himself, his emotions, feelings, moods, experiences in singing, dancing, playing music).

-literary development (as a process of qualitative changes in perception , interpretation of literary texts and the ability to reflect literary experience in different types of artistic activity ).

It is important to remember that in artistic activity (both organized and independent)

There must be both
a reproducing (reproductive)
factor and a creative one.
Both of them are necessary and interconnected, because a child will not learn to create without learning to reproduce .
The content of the artistic and aesthetic development of children is presented in the sections of comprehensive programs, partial programs and technologies. Modern programs are focused on the ideas of an integrative approach: combining different types of arts (music, speech, theater, fine arts)

into
an artistic whole .
However, no educational influence of an adult can be successfully implemented without the real activity of the child himself. At the same time, it is important to remember that activity in an enriched subject-development environment , which should initiate the child’s activity and direct him to creativity.

Methods of working with children

In the course of his activities, the teacher introduces children to the world of aesthetics through familiarization. Suitable for both household items and works of art. The things surrounding the child have great power of influence.

It is important to take this into account and create a harmonious space for children. It should be decorated in the same style, decorated with attractive things. Sensorily, the child evaluates the world around him, and every detail is deposited in his consciousness and memory.

Therefore, the teacher, like parents, must choose the right interior, where each thing has its own place.

Decoration of a kindergarten (room)

Aesthetic education begins with introducing the child to the beautiful world around him. Adults create an attractive environment. In this case, it is necessary to be guided not only by a sense of beauty, but also by the requirements for maintaining the health and safety of the child.

Principles for creating an aesthetic environment:

• The beauty of objects should be combined with their simplicity and purity.
• The environment should remain practical and expedient.
• The child's eye contact should capture every detail of the interior. Contrasts contribute to this. For example, a light windowsill is decorated with bright flowerpots with flowers (not necessarily live plants - these can also be crafts).
• The details of the furnishings form a single ensemble.

First of all, when decorating a room aesthetically, they pay attention to objects of fine art: paintings, crafts. Children should like the images. Thus, they become emotionally responsive. Based on the Federal State Educational Standard, canvases with landscapes must be present in the preparatory, middle and senior groups.

For example:

• "Golden Autumn", Levitan.
• “The rooks have arrived”, Savrasov.
• “Lilac”, Konchalovsky.

No more than 3 works are selected per room. You can use 1, but a large one. The easiest way to teach children beauty is to carry out aesthetic changes indoors.

For example, they organize a month dedicated to some artist. They choose his most striking works and hang them in a group. This way, it will be possible to regularly change the space, simultaneously introducing children to the canvases.

Decorating a kindergarten for the New Year also fosters a sense of beauty

Children are introduced to beauty. To do this, they are asked to help form the group. They organize exhibitions and decorate the premises for the holidays. For example, for the New Year, snowflakes are cut out, pine cones are painted, and then the Christmas tree is decorated. In this way, children are surrounded by beautiful things.

Gradually they learn to take care of objects, maintain cleanliness and appreciate every detail. The teacher unobtrusively draws the children's attention to order and asks them to complete basic work tasks. At the end of the training, the guys already maintain cleanliness on their own.

Specially organized activities

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, from September to May inclusive, training takes place in preschool institutions. When drawing up a plan for working with children, teachers work on artistic and aesthetic education.

Excursions to a museum or exhibition are another method of aesthetic education for children.

To do this, several classes are allocated per week dedicated to the development of this particular area. Drawing, modeling, listening to music - the teacher has many options on how to introduce a child to the world of beauty.

In a preschool setting, visual demonstration materials are used. In older groups, teachers can organize excursions. For example, visiting museums and exhibitions with children.

Each lesson is structured according to the age of the children. To do this, they are guided by the principles of the Federal State Educational Standard. According to the standard, they give a load, do not increase or decrease the duration of classes.

Unregulated activity

In his free time from classes, the teacher can organize activities not provided for in the plan. Conversations, walks, and communication are used as additional tools of influence. If there is a lot of free time, then they organize get-togethers with the creation of simple crafts.

The creation of Dymkovo toys in kindergarten should be accompanied by a story about the history of these crafts

It is important to interest children and encourage them to be creative. For example, before creating crafts, you can read about the history of Dymkovo toys and show several copies as an example. After that, start working.

Artistic development of preschool children in preschool educational institutions

Artistic and aesthetic education plays a special role in the life of a preschooler.

Important ! It is worthwhile to instill in a child a sense of beauty from early childhood and teach him to understand works of art.

Artistic education of children through the use of fine arts

The younger age of children makes them more receptive to the visual arts, which has a direct impact on artistic education. Artistic development is the ability to evaluate works of art, understand them, experience emotions from contact with them and create independently.

Kids need to be developed

It is important for preschoolers (preferably from the age of 1) to familiarize themselves with all types of fine arts as self-education:

• Sculpture is a work performed in volume in various ways.
• Painting is an image made with paints on a plane.
• Architecture - the creation of buildings and structures.
• Graphics is an image on a plane without color, using lines, strokes, and dots.
• Decorative arts are the decoration of something.

Children love paintings

It is also important to familiarize yourself with the various materials, of which there are different types:

• pencils;
• gel pens;
• ink and pen;
• gouache paints;
• watercolor;
• oil;
• acrylic;
• oil and dry pastels;
• coal;
• sanguine;
• markers;
• paper;
• clay;
• plasticine;
• marble;
• metals;
• glass;
• gypsum and many others.

Conditions for the successful development of a child’s visual activity

Artistic education is an integral part of human upbringing. The conditions for the successful development of a child’s visual activity include:

• Support by the teacher (in the absence of pressure on the process).
• Help in developing the imagination of a preschooler.
• Freedom to use materials for creativity.
• Awareness of the existence of various techniques and materials.
• Family assistance in the development of the child (family as a role model).

Kids love to decorate the kindergarten area

Aesthetic education in a kindergarten

Aesthetic education is designed to teach a preschooler:

• see beauty around;
• understand and appreciate art;
• reach for beauty.

The first place in aesthetic education in preschool educational institutions is occupied by the design of the territory of the kindergarten and its premises. This is the first thing a child sees when coming to kindergarten.

The area should be well-groomed, flowers should be planted in the summer, borders should be whitewashed, and garbage should be removed. The room where the group is located should not be cluttered, colorful or dark and gloomy.

It is important to maintain harmony in color; aesthetics is needed in the details. A library with beautiful illustrated books is needed in every group. Hanging reproductions of paintings or illustrations will be of great benefit.

Drawing lessons on the topic “Our dear army” in kindergarten

Contemplation of nature is no less important. The teacher should teach this to the preschooler during walks. Example: pay attention to:

• insects (beautiful butterflies, hardworking ants, nimble dragonflies);
• dew on the grass;
• the first yellowed leaves;
• red bunches of rowan;
• early arrival of winter.

Note ! All this trains children's minds, develops their taste, and makes them more attentive.

We conduct a master class on artistic and aesthetic development

The master class “Swan Fidelity” (finger painting) will be useful.

Type: practical lesson.

Equipment: thick A3 paper, pencil, eraser, gouache, brushes, water jar, table.

Objective: to introduce preschoolers to a new drawing technique, to develop imagination and creativity.

Duration: one academic hour.

Progress:

• “Guys, you probably know about the existence of such birds as swans. They are very beautiful and graceful. They have a flexible, long neck. They come in white and black. They differ in that they create a pair for life. And if one swan dies, then the second may die of melancholy.”
• “Today we will draw a couple of these swans. But we will paint the birds themselves not with a brush, but with our palms! This is such a visual device.”
• “Take a piece of paper and lay it horizontally.”
• “Using a simple pencil, outline the background on which you will have the swans (an island in the water, water, grass, sandy shore).”
• “Next, use a large brush and paints to fill the background with color.”
• “You will need to depict swans like this: take black or white gouache.”
• “Apply a thick layer of paint to each palm separately and stamp the palms so that the swan heads (thumbs) are reaching towards each other.”
• “Press your index, middle, ring and little fingers together. Look what a cool drawing it turns out."
• “Small ones can be improved with a thin brush or fingers. Look how unusual the swans turned out!

Collective development is a priority

Examples of activities with preschoolers

Aesthetic education of preschoolers is a process organized by a teacher or parents. They use not only a theoretical basis, but also a practical one. Children are engaged in reading fiction, looking at pictures, and also creating objects of art.

Integrated lesson “Fairytale Bird”

Initially, children are introduced to a work about a fairy-tale bird. You can use fiction about the Firebird. The children are read fairy tales and shown pictures describing a magical creature.

Integrated lesson “Fairytale Bird” (application)

Integrated lesson “Fairytale Bird” (plasticine)

After this, they talk with the children. They ask you to give a description of the bird. Children who find it difficult to make contact are asked leading questions. For example, “What color are her feathers?” After the children appreciate the attractiveness of the character, they are invited to make their own Firebird.

Depending on the age of the children, they are given paints or pencils. You can use plasticine. After the material has been distributed, the children are allowed to use their imagination and make their own crafts.

Application “Decorating dishes”

This activity contributes to the development of the child’s creative abilities and develops his sense of beauty. During the activity, perseverance is developed and accuracy is demonstrated.

The teacher prepares handouts in advance:

• Templates for mugs and plates – to choose from.
• Carves patterns or ornaments.
• Selects demonstration material.

This activity can be added to the cycle about folk art. Before practice, children are told about how in the old days it was customary to paint dishes. What significance was attached to patterns? As an example, photographs of folk art are shown.

After theory, they begin practice. Each child is given a piece of utensils and asked to decorate it based on personal taste.

The activity “Decorating dishes” can also be done with plasticine

Draw children's attention to neatness, conciseness of details, and selected colors. You can correct the child a little during work, offer him parts that match the color. At the end of the lesson, they admire the created creations.

Craft for March 8th “Bouquet for Mom”

This activity is suitable both as a creative master class and as an opportunity to make a craft for a specific holiday. To hold the event you will need preliminary preparation. It is necessary to select the material from which children will create bouquets. These can be buttons, scraps of fabric, colored paper, ribbons.

The easiest way to make a bouquet:

• Use colored paper clippings.
• Prepare beautiful templates.

For work, the teacher cuts out beautiful flowers from paper. Be sure to draw the outlines of the plants on a blank sheet of paper so that the child can see where to stick the blank. Before starting practical activities, the teacher tells the children the theoretical foundations. After this he distributes the material.

It is advisable to do finger exercises and then start creating crafts.

Creating a still life

First, children are introduced to this type of art in painting as still life.

Paintings by outstanding artists are on display:

• “Rowanka”, Mashkov I. I.
• “Cornflowers”, Levitan I. I.
• "Base with Fruit", Picasso P.

First, the teacher prepares templates with an empty fruit vase. After the children have become familiar with the still lifes, the teacher shows them a blank sheet. He says that there is not enough fruit in the image, because of this the still life does not work.

Children must add fruit to the template with the vase. Use pencils, paints or wax crayons.

Facilities

Let's consider the means that parents can use to introduce their baby to the world of beauty. There are quite a lot of them:

• fine arts (sculpture, painting);
• dramaturgy;
• architecture;
• literature;
• music;
• TV;
• nature;
• MASS MEDIA.

Since teaching a child to notice and appreciate beauty is very difficult, you should use all available means.

Room decoration

For the little ones it is important to create a harmonious environment in the room:

1. Create harmony and comfort in your baby's room.
2. It is preferable to use light colors in the design.
3. The space should not only be ergonomic, but thoughtful.

The room should be beautifully arranged with toys, interesting reproductions should be hung, and it should be kept clean and tidy. Flowering plants placed in a harmonious composition and a decorated aquarium with fish will also help you achieve your goal. All decorative elements must be combined with each other, forming a single ensemble.

For children of primary preschool age, you can choose a painting depicting an animal, a familiar fairy-tale character, or a “delicious” still life. Older children will like the landscape, so it is better to use reproductions of Savrasov, Serov, Shishkin, Levitan. To prevent the child from losing interest, the paintings should be changed periodically, while telling the child information about the work itself and its author.

In addition, the children's room can be decorated with folk crafts, Dymkovo toys, and Khokhloma crafts. Of course, you shouldn’t place expensive collectibles on the table of a young prankster, but something inexpensive made of ceramics can become a worthy decoration.

Nature

From an early age, parents need to instill in their child that trees and flowers, sunset and sunrise, clouds in the sky and waves in the river are beautiful, they need to be taught to enjoy this beauty. To do this, you should introduce children to works about nature that are accessible to them, spend time in the fresh air, talk, answer questions, and set your own example.

Art

A lot can be used to educate children aesthetically. So, in any city there are beautiful streets, architectural buildings, museums, and exhibitions are held. Preschoolers enjoy learning something new by visiting such places. Walking around the city, you can introduce your child to the main attractions, paying attention to their sophistication and harmony.

If there are no museums in the city, reproductions and virtual excursions, which can be viewed via the Internet, will help introduce your child to works of art. It is necessary to include outstanding musical works for the little ones, talk about what they listened to, find out what thoughts and emotions were evoked by the music of Beethoven or Mozart, Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninov.

And, of course, we should not forget about literary works. Preschoolers can understand Pushkin's fairy tales, especially if they look at high-quality color illustrations. You should also introduce them to the poems of Marshak, Barto, and the stories of Prishvin and Zhidkov.

It is important for parents to remember that not every child will become an artist or musician, but everyone should be able to feel the beautiful and receive special pleasure from it. Therefore, you should not just ask your child to draw something or make a craft or appliqué, but also pay attention to already created objects of spiritual value.

Work

When carrying out the tasks of aesthetic education of children, you should introduce them to the benefits of work, tell them that there are a large number of professions, each of which is important.

Working with parents

Aesthetic and artistic education of preschool children is a complex process that requires interaction between parents and teachers. If they have different methods of influence or legal representatives do not pay enough attention to this area of ​​education, then the child will not receive the necessary knowledge.

Often parents do not understand how to instill aesthetic taste in their children. The teacher must help them understand the essence of the educational process. To do this, you can conduct consultations or master classes.

Creative tasks

Various competitions are often held in preschool institutions. For example, you need to make a birdhouse or make a craft from natural material. To do this, the teacher communicates with parents and explains the goals and objectives of this event.

It is important to convey to adults that they must do any thing together with their children. This will not only improve the climate in the family, but will also develop the child’s creative abilities.

Principles of organizing the competition:

• The teacher develops a plan. It includes the duration of the event, the rating system, and work requirements.
• Competently draws up instructions for parents to follow.

No one should be forced to participate. Parents and children themselves must take the initiative. In order for as many families as possible to participate, the teacher must initially interest the children. For example, during a walk, the teacher tells them about birds and what kind of houses they have.

After this, the group shows examples of birdhouses. Then he says that everyone can make such a house themselves. Interested children persuade their parents to participate in the competition.

Master classes

Not all adults have developed creative abilities. Therefore, the teacher conducts a master class on creating some kind of craft at least once a month. It could be a doll made from scraps, an interesting drawing, or a craft made from scrap materials.

The teacher chooses the topic independently, taking into account the age of the children. This is necessary so that parents can incorporate the experience gained into their child’s education at home.

Consultations

Consultation on the need for aesthetic education should take place regularly. In order to enhance diversified development, teachers introduce parents to exhibitions, concerts, and events held in their locality.

For example, if a local museum is hosting an exhibition of folk art, you can make a bright poster and hang it on the doors of the group. The information sheet indicates the venue, opening hours and other necessary details.

It is necessary to explain to parents that learning should not end after leaving the kindergarten to go home. Consultations are held on various topics. With the arrival of autumn, they help parents teach their children to see the beauty in nature. For example, while going home you can collect a bouquet of yellow leaves,

Specifics of upbringing in the family

We have already noted that you should not rely solely on preschool educational institutions, entrusting educators with the aesthetic development of the baby. It is also important for parents to put some effort into this. Let's pay attention to the following points:

• Parents should always look neat and tidy and behave respectfully towards each other, since the child takes a lot from them.
• It is important to read good literature, fairy tales and poems to your child, and be sure to talk about the content of what you read. This form of work also helps to enrich the baby’s vocabulary.
• Together with your child you can draw, make applique or crafts. To prevent your baby from getting bored, you can use various artistic techniques, drawing with gouache, watercolors, crayons, and felt-tip pens.
• The aesthetics of everyday life are also important. If the apartment is dirty and not cleaned, there can be no question of any desire for perfection. Therefore, you need to decorate the children's room with taste and love.
• The formation of musical taste begins with listening to nursery rhymes, lullabies, and children's songs.

Of particular importance are conversations that will help the child get answers to the questions he has, learn to distinguish the beautiful from the disgusting, the sublime and harmonious from the base and chaotic.

Let us outline the most important conditions for the development of children's creativity:

• Relaxed atmosphere. You should not put pressure on your child and force him to draw or sculpt, this will only destroy his desire to create his own works.
• Active use of game forms of work.
• Praise should be given constantly; it is important for the child to understand that his mother is pleased with him and is proud of his efforts. But you shouldn’t scold; in some cases you can scold a little.

Only in this case will it be possible to achieve positive results - the desire for one’s own creative pursuits and respect for the works of others.

Tips for parents

Aesthetic education of preschoolers is a long process. It is precisely described in the federal standard. The Federal State Educational Standard can be used not only by teachers, but also by parents when raising children. According to him, aesthetic education begins with the birth of a child.

It happens according to the following plan:

Parents should introduce their children to beauty constantly. For example, during a walk you can draw your child’s attention to a beautiful flower or the bright plumage of a bird. They admire the cat's movements and look at the floating clouds.

Aesthetic education should not end outside the garden walls. It is necessary to teach the child to cleanliness. It is important that he cleans up his toys, because order is beauty.

It is worth noting that if a child’s aesthetic tastes differ from his parents, no attempt is made to change them. It is important to support the baby. When blue or black is his favorite color, there is no need to force him to paint it red. With age, these preferences may change.

The aesthetic education of preschoolers largely depends on the child’s parents. This is not only an introduction to the world of art, but also regular joint creative gatherings. If a child can not only appreciate, but also create objects of art, then this indicates the highest point in the development of aesthetic taste.

Aesthetic development in the family

A child's introduction to the world begins with mom and dad. They are the first and main aesthetic ideals.

Family aesthetic education includes:

1. Personal example of parents. This includes the appearance, clothing, neatness and grooming of adults, as well as the manner of communication and education of parents. A child quickly adopts family criteria for beauty and will have difficulty changing if, for example, he has heard obscene language since childhood or walked around in soiled clothes.
2. Education of musical taste. It starts from an early age, when my mother sang lullabies and cheerfully told nursery rhymes. As your baby grows, it is important to sing nursery rhymes with him and play classical music at home.
3. Artistic activity of preschoolers. The most important aspect of aesthetic development both in the family and in preschool educational institutions. It is necessary to give the child the opportunity to express his thoughts and emotions on paper, using various techniques (felt-tip pens, paints, pencils), so the baby will become familiar with colors and their combinations, learn to see shape, and evaluate size.
4. Reading books. Children often ask their mother to read a bedtime story, so they get acquainted with the richness and beauty of the Russian language, learn to use the word as a tool for expressing feelings and emotions.
5. Conversations. During emotional conversations, the child learns and adopts the experience of his parents, asks questions about the world around him. Time should be set aside for conversations focused on aesthetic development.
6. Aesthetics of everyday life. It consists of renovating the apartment, design solutions, decorating the living space (paintings, flowers, etc.), cleanliness and order. It is necessary to have an aesthetic development environment.