Morning exercises in kindergarten - exercises for exercise

Exercises in kindergarten as part of the general educational process

Kindergarten pupils must grow up healthy so that they develop the required skills and abilities, as well as abilities. A healthy baby is well trained, understands what the teacher wants from him, and is interested in learning new things. Exercise, which is a systematic activity in kindergarten, helps with this.

Charging at a preschool educational institution

Its goal is to preserve and strengthen the psyche and the body as a whole. The main task is to create a positive emotional mood. Morning exercises (MG) are an integral part of the physical training regime for preschool children. This is a set of special exercises for muscle tissue and joints.

Exercises for preschoolers can be carried out as part of activities that have a positive effect on the respiratory system and games for fine motor skills. UG can take place together with the hardening technique. In addition to health-saving functions, exercise in a preschool educational institution is important for the formation of mental processes, broadening one’s horizons, and communication skills.

Important! During ultrasonography, endorphin, the hormone of happiness, is actively produced. It improves mood and protects against negative thoughts.

A boost of energy from performing gymnastic exercises

Goals and objectives of the UG

Gymnastics in preschool educational institutions is divided by age groups: 2-3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years, 5-6 years, 6-7 years. The physical component is important for the entire period of education. The purpose of exercise in kindergarten is to instill a desire to monitor your health throughout your life.

Every day the morning in kindergarten begins with a training session, which makes it possible to strengthen the little body.

For your information! It is important to instill in a person a love of physical education from childhood; in kindergarten they lay the foundation for the future. The goal of UG is to improve the functioning of body systems.

Exercise has enormous health-improving and educational significance. Many preschool teachers find it difficult to create a set of activities that will be more effective for children of different ages, and they use the recommendations of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Every morning in most kindergartens in Russia begins with UG. The purpose of exercise is to develop body muscles and improve health conditions. The baby’s body needs physical exercise, it needs to release energy. It can be directed in the most useful direction by involving preschoolers in active and interesting exercises and exciting games.

Exercise is important in organizing the day and for the well-being of the students. Those who are already awake and starting to pamper will become calmer with the help of exercises. Sleepy and inactive guys, on the contrary, will cheer up. The purpose of exercise is to normalize discipline. You should exercise daily so that your baby gets used to organized sports. Then it will not cause negative emotions and fatigue, but, on the contrary, will turn into pleasure.

For your information! It is important to choose sets of exercises according to the age and capabilities of preschoolers.

Choosing the type of children's gymnastics

Health is unthinkable without movement. And if it is sometimes difficult for us to persuade ourselves to do exercises once again, then children are happy to do it themselves. Once a child starts walking, there is no stopping him. The baby continuously explores the world around him through sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

In the first months of life, the child is limited in movement and cognition. But the more varied the movements, the more varied the information obtained through them. So the mental development of a child directly depends on his physical activity.

The dependence here is very simple: a) sedentary muscles, bones, ligaments and joints do not receive enough stimulation, as a result of which b) they do not acquire the tone necessary for further growth, which c) slows down the development of motor skills and abilities, and this leads to d) limitation of capabilities learn new things about the world.

Fortunately, we have gymnastics - it will help eliminate the baby’s lack of movement and create favorable conditions for his health and development. Gymnastics will also help maintain emotional contact between mother and baby. Mom's loving hands, her gentle strokes, her gentle voice when she reads nursery rhymes to the baby during classes - all this makes the baby very happy.

Infants can only participate in passive exercise programs. This:

1) gymnastics (physical exercises);

2) gymnastics on the ball;

3) aqua gymnastics.

You can read about massage, which is also considered a type of passive gymnastics, at this link. And here we will talk about why each of the listed types of gymnastics is interesting and useful.

Gymnastics is good for a wide variety of movements. Exercise improves appetite, digestion, sleep, deepens breathing (thereby developing the lungs), causes increased blood flow to the muscles, to the bones with which they are connected, which promotes their growth. They tone the body and give the baby a great boost of energy and joy. The baby learns to feel his body, understand its signals and be in harmony with his physical self.

Up to a year, it is advisable to precede gymnastics with your baby with a massage session. It warms up and prepares the muscles for stress during physical exercise, which will be the final stage of the massage.

Principles of gymnastic complexes

Morning exercises in kindergartens for preschool children were compiled by specialists. Complexes in children's educational institutions are carried out according to the principles:

• Accessibility: tasks and games correspond to the physical training of students, explanations and demonstrations of exercises are clear.
• Effectiveness and benefits: gymnastics develops preschoolers and improves their health.
• Positive: preschoolers do UG for a great mood; if the child is not inclined to exercise (sick, upset), he should not be forced to do the exercises.

Outdoor games for kindergarten preparatory groups

For gymnastics to become a habit among preschoolers, it must interest them and evoke only positive emotions. To ensure students’ persistent motivation for classes, the teacher must choose interesting exercises, conduct them in the form of a game, or use original equipment.

Exercise demonstration

Aqua gymnastics technique

You should start teaching your baby to swim slowly and calmly. At first, we try to develop swimming reflexes, which begin to fade after birth if the child does not swim. At first, we hold the baby with both hands: one hand supports the head and upper back, and the other supports the chest area (both on the back and on the stomach). Make sure that the child's body is in the water, maintaining a horizontal position.

Classes begin with sliding on the surface of the water (along the bath, figure eight) and rocking. Your baby's ears may be in the water; when swimming on your chest, support your chin to prevent water from getting into your mouth. When you notice the appearance of rowing movements, you can remove one hand. Now you only support the baby's head. This creates conditions for free movement of arms and legs when swimming in a position on the stomach and back.

If the baby enjoys exercising in the water, you can begin to teach him to hold his breath: pour water on the baby’s head and face with water taken from the bath with your hand. The baby will close his eyes and hold his breath for two to three seconds. Repeat 3-4 times at each lesson.

When the child is already sufficiently trained, learns to hold his breath and masters the skill of rowing with his hands, you can teach the baby to swim independently. But this is a topic for another conversation, but for now your main goal is to simply make friends with water.

The set of exercises we offer is designed to be performed independently at home.

• Backstroke. In this case, the adult supports the back of the child’s head with one hand, and the other hand is under his back. Linear, zigzag movements are made back and forth, with the legs pushing away from the edges of the bath.
• Swimming on your stomach. Until the child has learned to hold his head well, his head and neck are supported on both sides. Older children are supported in a prone position with one hand under the chin (like a “bucket”), and the body is held with the other hand.
• Sidestroke. The child's head and torso are placed on the forearm of one adult's hand, and the baby's hand is held with the other hand.
• Older children can walk and bounce in the bathtub with the support of an adult under their arms.

Don’t forget that the most important thing in aquagymnastics (like any other) is the combination of benefit and pleasure, so don’t try to do it “right,” listen to your baby’s wishes, improvise and just enjoy the minutes of such pleasant communication. If you are not overly tense, your movements will become soft and confident, the baby will not show anxiety, and the exercises will bring only positive emotions to both of you.

Methods for doing exercises in kindergarten

Carrying out an educational session is a responsible process, since the work involves children. Exercises for children in preschool educational institutions should be performed either by a physical instructor in the gym, or directly by a teacher directly in the group. According to the rules, UG is carried out half an hour before the first meal.

Hoop exercise

Duration recommendations

UG in each kindergarten group differs not only in duration, but also in the nature of certain exercises. Recommendations:

• The duration of the lesson in the younger group of kindergarten should not be more than 5 minutes. To make it interesting for students, exercises should take place in the form of a game with jokes and jokes. For example, kids can be asked to walk like a bear, a fox or a horse. Hula hoops, cubes and maracas are suitable for performing exercises.
• In the middle kindergarten group, the training course lasts 6 minutes. The structure of the exercise is a little more complicated than the previous one; you can add ribbons and balls as objects for exercise.
• Pupils in the senior group of kindergarten have excellent memory, so the GC can be carried out without the participation of a teacher. The teacher only has to show them how to practice once. Recommended equipment includes pigtail cords, balls, hoops and sticks. The complex can include dancing and rhythm. Lesson duration is approximately 10 minutes.
• The training session in the preparatory group of the kindergarten lasts 12 minutes and, by and large, repeats the complex of the senior group. The equipment used is jumping ropes and dumbbells. In addition, some sports elements using a wall bars can be added to the complex.

How to organize children for morning exercises

In addition to the game theme, the teacher can use other techniques to attract children to the UG. Expressive language, engaging content and positivity will help motivate students. You can play it so that they want to exercise on their own, become healthier and stronger.

An original approach will help motivate you to do morning exercises at a preschool educational institution. For example, a teacher can invite all the children to visit Winnie the Pooh, and to get there, you need to jump three times and smile. This element of the game will attract the children, and they will definitely fulfill all the conditions.

At preschool age, all children are very inquisitive. They are interested in how animals move, flowers grow and what is happening on the planet. Experienced teachers use this to organize effective exercises. They come up with a lot of playful exercises for children to exercise in the morning with the connection of characters and fictional characters.

Physical education means

Important! If a child has a certificate stating that physical activity is temporarily contraindicated for him (these are issued after an illness), you can offer him to be the presenter or observe the process from the bench.

Basic principles of aqua gymnastics

• Comfortable water temperature in the first lessons is 37 - 37.5 degrees, with a decrease in it by 3 degrees until the end of the first month of swimming, and another 2 degrees in the third. For those who are bolder: please remember that the temperature should not fall below 28 degrees - in this case we are talking about hardening.
• The air temperature in the bathroom is 20 - 22 degrees, the door is open. Classes are held 40–60 minutes after feeding and 30 minutes before it.
• Duration of classes - 5 - 20 minutes.
• Water should be without additives (potassium permanganate, essential oils, herbal decoctions, salt), since baths with these additives are therapeutic and are designed for a lying baby, and aqua gymnastics is a set of active exercises with a fairly intense load on the muscles, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.
• During exercises in water, the baby's ears may become submerged in water; after exercise, do not forget to dry them.
• The duration of classes in water for babies under 4 months in addition to a general massage is about 5 minutes, for older children - up to 10 minutes.
• As an independent type of exercise, aqua gymnastics is carried out for 15 – 20 minutes.
• Contraindications are: open umbilical wound, skin diseases, poor health and mood of the child, acute respiratory viral and other infections in the active phase (exacerbations), acute period of encephalopathy, rapid increase in intracranial hypertension, convulsions, extreme prematurity of children (rapid cooling) and general contraindications related to the purpose of gymnastics and massage.

A set of exercises for UG

Typically, gymnastic exercises in preschool educational institutions are carried out according to a prepared plan. What a standard complex looks like:

• The lesson begins with walking in place or running in a circle. Children can walk and run in a column around the room or veranda, then in pairs or one at a time. You need to run in all directions to finish this block.
• Then the children swing their arms up and down, sideways and in a circle. This helps strengthen the shoulder muscles.
• Next, gymnastics is performed for the muscles of the lower extremities. The guys swing their legs, move them one by one to the side, lift them, bend them and stand them straight. Squats are a must.
• Why are body tilts and turns involved? These exercises are used to strengthen the back and torso.

The exercise ends with light walking in place, breathing exercises or finger games.

Tilting the body to the side

Basic principles of ball gymnastics

• Strengthening the back muscles - place the child on his stomach.
• Strengthening the abdominal muscles - place the child on his back.
• Strengthening muscles during an umbilical hernia - we place the child on his back.
• General relaxation of the child - usually on the stomach.
• Correction of muscles in case of asymmetry of muscle tone - tilting the ball in the direction where increased tone is observed.

The optimal diameter of the ball for practicing with an infant is 60–65 cm. In infants, in order to reduce increased tone, the ball is lowered slightly; in order, on the contrary, to tone the body, they inflate it tightly. Apart from those common to all types of gymnastics, there are practically no specific contraindications for exercising on a ball, with the exception of an unhealed umbilical wound. You can start classes as early as one month of age.

Don’t worry if at first both you and your baby feel a little unsure and tense: you both will quickly get used to it if you practice regularly and without forcing things.

You will be surprised how quickly your baby’s body will react to such activities: the results of exercises on the ball will be noticeable almost immediately. The baby will become more active, stronger, will no longer be afraid of changes in the position of his body, his sleep and appetite will improve, and he will receive a positive emotional charge.

Texts for exercises in preschool educational institutions

The goal of the UG is to unite students and establish good relationships between them. The children study together, and this brings them closer together. Therefore, it is very important to do group exercises every day, thanks to which the baby will become stronger and more sociable. Rhythmic exercises are excellent to combine with entertaining poems. For this purpose, special text material has been developed. Students will enjoy practicing while listening to poetry. The texts are simple; by pronouncing them faster or slower, you can speed up the pace of your lessons or, conversely, slow them down.

Poems for gymnastics

Having learned gymnastic exercises in poetic form, children will be able to do exercises on their own without the help of a teacher, focusing on the meaning of the poem. And if adults also perform the exercise together with preschoolers, then the child is more likely to feel the significance and benefit that it can bring to everyone. In addition, poetry helps to develop.

Important! To begin with, you can try to learn the poem “Potyagushki”.

Aqua gymnastics

Children are very accepting of this relatively new method of physical development. You can start exercises at home, in the bathroom and make them the final stage after massage and gymnastics or a separate lesson.

Swimming from the first months of a child’s life is very useful not only for physical development, but also for strengthening the nervous system. The baby is immersed in an environment to which he is accustomed, and this gives him a feeling of psychological comfort. Exercises in water do not overload the child and are especially recommended for children with psychomotor development disorders or diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

Swimming:

• strengthens the immune system;
• normalizes sleep;
• regulates metabolism;
• stimulates the gastrointestinal tract;
• saturates the blood with oxygen;
• trains the cardiovascular system;
• forms correct breathing;
• affects the nervous system.

The main thing in classes is their gradualness and systematicity. While the baby gets used to the procedure, you can be in the bathroom with him; usually both the adult and the baby get great pleasure from this.

Analysis of morning exercises

Each teacher must keep a file of children, analyze and monitor classes and the condition of each child. UG analysis plan:

• age and number of preschoolers in the group;
• gymnastics venue;
• how preschoolers and the teacher are dressed;
• exercise exercises and duration;
• development tasks at each stage: what was accomplished, compliance with the stated duration;
• the effectiveness of pedagogy: display, text instructions, equipment, individual assistance;
• emotional state of preschoolers at each stage of classes;
• conclusion: whether changes or additional exercises will be required in the exercises.

For your information! Thanks to analysis and diagnostics, it is possible to summarize and improve charging, and the control chart will allow you to identify shortcomings.

Sample of filling out a card

GC, which is carried out in a preschool institution every day, will make the baby more dexterous, energetic, help avoid a number of problems in the normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, increase immunity, strengthen the psyche and teach interaction with other children. And by doing it in the form of a game, you can make physical exercise not only healthy, but also fun.

Exercise technique

We hold the child’s legs from above, press them against the ball, and the other hand fixes the back. We make soft, rocking movements: back and forth, left and right, circular movements left and right. There is no need to tilt the child forward very much, more emphasis is placed towards the legs. As the child gets used to the ball, the amplitude can be increased. You can also make movements in two planes - back and forth and up and down at the same time. The same movements are performed on the back as on the stomach; they should begin no earlier than 3 months: back and forth, left and right, circular movements in one direction and the other.

• Baby on tummy. We place our hands on the baby's back and lightly press him against the ball. You can hold the baby by the back with your right hand, and use your left hand to fix the left leg in the area of ​​the knee joint. We begin to slowly rock the baby forward, backward, in a circle, so that there is a slight vibration.
• In the same position, rock the baby towards you and away from you, with slight vibration if the baby is already holding his head.
• Baby on the back. We hold it with our hands by the stomach and in the shin area, or you can fix the tummy with your right hand, and the left leg with your left. Slowly, when swinging the ball towards us, we bend the baby’s legs at the knee joints, and when moving the ball away from us, we straighten it. Gently rock the child while lying on his back in a head down position. It’s good if the baby straightens his arms at the same time, this reduces the tone of the flexor muscles. Now we try to perform the same movement, first only with the right leg, then only with the left leg.
• The baby is on his tummy again. We hold his hands and rock him back and forth. Gradually raise the arms extended forward so that the baby lifts his chest away from the ball.
• In the same position, we hold the baby in the lumbar region with our right hand, and with our left we try to put him in the “frog pose”, spreading his knees wide. In this position, we rock forward and backward, creating vibration. This is not only relaxing, but also very beneficial for the development of the hip joints.

While practicing on the ball, talk to your baby, praise him, sing songs or tell jokes. If your child doesn’t like something or is already tired, stop classes and continue another time. The time for practicing on the ball is not strictly regulated. If you and your child enjoy it, do as much as you want throughout the day.

How do exercises differ for children of different ages?

Children three to four years old
love play situations with clearly defined roles and a clear plot.
Therefore, games are selected for them with simple and specific content, for example, “the geese went for a walk, the wolf scared them, and they ran home.” At five or six years old,
children develop a desire to compete with each other, so games for them need to be made more complicated and an element of competition introduced into them.
For children six to seven years old,
games should contain the most varied and complex movements: running, climbing, jumping, and an adult should demand their correct execution and interest the child in the end result.

How to teach your baby to exercise?

It’s unlikely that the baby will like traditional “adult” boring exercises, so it’s worth coming up with something more interesting for the baby.
Parents will have to use their imagination and make exercise a fun, exciting game. Hardening

Children's hardening can begin from a very early age. How to start hardening correctly is described in a special material.

For example, not just walk on heels and toes, but walk “like a fox,” “like a bear,” “jump like a bunny.” “Each exercise should be performed by the parent himself and should be done cheerfully, with excitement, in order to interest the baby. Rhymes help the child to better understand the exercises and make morning exercises more fun and interesting. Cheerful, upbeat music also contributes to a good mood,” explains Sergei Polyakov, head of the exercise therapy department at the Scientific Center for Children’s Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Movement is life! And great joy

We talked about the importance of physical activity in the first year of a child’s life and found out that gymnastics can minimize the negative consequences of movement deficiency in an infant. Movement is directly related to mental development at this age, since the baby receives basic information about the world through sensory channels of perception. Gymnastics in all its diversity gives impetus to the enrichment and expansion of these channels. And the more opportunities a child has to learn, the more complete the picture of the world is formed in his mind and the more successfully he will cope with the tasks that life will set for him.

No matter how you work out with your baby, no matter what type of gymnastics you choose for yourself, the main thing is that you remember why you started working out with your child. If there are indications for therapeutic massage, you should entrust the matter to the hands of a professional. If they are not there and you decide to practice at home, then this is because you want your baby to be healthy and happy.

Let home gymnastics be not only and not so much a good physical workout for your child, but a way to live wonderful moments of harmony, mutual understanding and quiet joy with your baby. We wish you and your baby health!

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Other types of children's gymnastics

So you have become acquainted with the most reliable and proven methods. However, there are several other types of gymnastics that parents may be familiar with: baby yoga, dynamic gymnastics and mom yoga.

In the first case, we are talking about the manual practice of getting rid of possible birth injuries in the first two weeks after the birth of a child, which is carried out only by a highly qualified specialist. The second is a set of acrobatic exercises aimed at correcting muscle tone and developing coordination and the vestibular apparatus; training takes place in special classes with an instructor. In the third case, we are talking about mother’s yoga classes in the presence of the baby with a small number of asanas, in which the baby can participate without experiencing any physical activity, but simply maintaining contact with the mother.

Thus, all these types of gymnastics cannot be done at home without preparation. If you are interested in these types of physical activity and are determined to try them, first consult with a pediatrician, neurologist and orthopedic surgeon, weigh the pros and cons, and take training from a certified instructor.

Hardening

One of the main factors influencing the improvement of the health of pupils is hardening.
This preschool takes this procedure very seriously. But the main thing is L.V. Kravchenko managed to convince parents of the need for hardening procedures. What it is, we were told by the acting head of the kindergarten, Lyudmila Anatolyevna Nikolenko, since the physical education instructor improved her qualifications at the seminar. — After daytime sleep, the teachers of each group carry out hardening procedures: the children, not yet dressed, walk along the “health path.” This is a special ribbed surface, after walking on which a large rush of blood comes to the feet, then they walk on a massage mat and finally wipe the neck and arms above the elbows with a towel moistened with cold water. In addition, nannies in groups monitor hygiene - constant wet cleaning, washing toys and furniture with a disinfectant solution, ventilating group rooms.

And Lyubov Vasilievna herself constantly advises parents on this issue. The “Physical Education Instructor’s Corner” is specially designed, where there is a folder with her developments on hardening. From this information, parents will learn that the most accessible type of hardening is air hardening. This is a child’s long stay in the fresh air (walks, games, exercises, running). Sunbathing also helps, but exposure to direct sunlight should be dosed according to the age and health of the child. Moreover, the baby’s head must be covered with a Panama hat. Sunbathing stimulates hematopoiesis and increases the body's defenses.

Water procedures are also very important - rubbing, dousing, swimming in open water. When wiping L.V. Kravchenko recommends moistening a sponge or cloth with water at 28-30 degrees and running it over the arms, starting with the hands and above, towards the neck, heart, chest, and abdomen. The temperature should be reduced gradually to room temperature, but not lower than 18 degrees. This is followed by dousing, and the water temperature must be increased by one degree. She considers barefooting an integral part of hardening procedures. First - barefoot on the floor of the apartment for 15 to 30 minutes, and in May-September - on the ground, but not earlier than a month after the start of walking in the apartment.

Constantly at parent meetings L.V. Kravchenko tells moms and dads how to help a child with a runny nose restore his breathing by performing some simple physical exercises. Explains how important active movement is for a child's health.

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Recharge while playing

For a two- to three-year-old
toddler, play is the main occupation. That is why exercises should be built in the form of an active game with a plot that includes three or four physical exercises-imitations. A cheerful tone, a joke, laughter, and the active participation of an adult in the game always captivate the child. Small children are restless and cannot stay in the same position for a long time. Therefore, the starting positions when performing exercises must be diversified: practice standing, sitting, lying, on all fours, crouching. The number of repetitions of movements is from 2-3 to 5-6. After difficult exercises, it is necessary to take short pauses for rest (30-60 seconds), giving them a playful form, for example, “the dog sat down to rest,” “the bear went to bed.” “For each child, it is necessary to select the load individually and be sure to ensure that he does not get overtired and does not lose interest in the exercise game,” notes Polyakov.