Modeling in the senior group of deer: lesson notes step by step, diagram, features of making a goat and other Dymkovo toys with photos and videos

Preparing for a lesson in sculpting donkeys and other toys in the senior group

Children like Dymkovo toys for their ease of manufacture and bright colors.

In the senior preschool group, children are already quite independent in order to help prepare everything necessary for creative activities, however, the substantive aspects of this work must be thought out and clearly planned by the teacher.

Modeling method

Children in the older group practice the combined method of modeling, when parts can be made separately and then combined into a single composition (constructive method), as well as when the entire craft is made from one piece of plasticine (sculptural method). However, to make a donkey, it is preferable to use the sculptural method, since it makes it possible to give the desired shape to each part that turns into another. For Dymkovo toys this is of key importance, because initially whistles were made using this method. And for them it is important to bend and bend the elements correctly so that the sound comes out.

Techniques

As for modeling techniques, in the junior and middle groups the kids have already become familiar with all the basic techniques for creating molded structures, so it’s time to practice their skills

rolling out “balls”;
rolling “sausages”;
pressing indentations on the mold;
flattening “pancakes”;
pinching pieces with two fingers;
pulling an element from a piece of base;
accessions;
smearing parts onto the base;
pinching without flattening;
stretching elements, but maintaining the original shape;
smoothing the transitions of elements into each other.

What can children do?

You can make blanks for toys from waste from other crafts.

This is interesting. Dymkovo painting takes its name from the place where this craft originated - the settlement of Dymkovo, near the city of Kirov, more than 4 centuries ago. The painting of the Dymkovo toy has its own “handwriting”, which is characterized not only by the strict form of the ornament, but also by the predominance of a certain spectrum of colors. Straight and wavy lines, diamonds, large circles, dots - all these elements are located on the lower background, in such a way that they contrast very much with each other. And the very form of these elements subtextually speaks of some kind of amulets. Each toy is hand-painted, so the soul of the artist is always present in it, and it is impossible to find two absolutely identical Dymkovo toys.

Children aged 5–6 years old can make crafts based on the Dymkovo toy independently, with minimal help from an adult (as a rule, this is required at the stage when individual parts need to be smeared onto the base). If a toy (in particular, a deer) is created in a sculptural way, then in this case help may be required at the stage of distributing the material to parts of the figure’s body. In some kindergartens there is the opportunity to practice clay modeling, which involves a slightly different system of work, and, therefore, greater involvement of an adult in the creative process of children. The same situation is typical for those cases when the modeling of Dymkovo toys is made from polymer clay. All these materials have different plasticity and different methods of drying finished products, which also implies different methods of modeling. As for plasticine, it is a universal material for children’s creativity, allowing children to show independence and a certain professionalism in working with it.

Do I need to color it?

If the craft is made of clay, then it must be painted, since the material can crack without coating, and plasticine is well preserved even without a layer of paint.

The main distinguishing feature of Dymkovo toys is their unique painting, done in bright colors. Products must contain red, yellow, blue, orange and green colors. Combinations of lines, dots, and stripes also imply the presence of white fields. Thus, the background for coloring should be white. When working with plasticine, this is very easy to achieve: you need to paint the finished craft with white gouache, let it dry, and only then apply a bright pattern with paints (gouache). Painting or decorating a craft with plasticine is a question that the teacher decides based on the level of preparedness of the children, the time allotted for completing the work and specific tasks that are solved in a separate lesson.

How to implement an individual approach?

While preoccupied with the technical intricacies of making the Dymkovo toy, we must not forget about the educational orientation of the activity. This is especially true when it comes to implementing an individual approach to work. Typically, the process of determining the level of difficulty determines how much the child is able to cope with the task without outside help. And in this matter, everything depends on the child’s level of development, his temperament, and abilities. In general, creative tasks can be differentiated as follows:

if the little one can’t color, then you need to help him;
those children who quickly cope with rolling workpieces can help those who are less agile;
The little ones can be invited to make their own painting using Dymkovo colors or, conversely, working with classic patterns, apply shades to their taste, etc.

Goals and objectives of the lesson

The purpose of sculpting Dymkovo toys is to introduce children to the wealth of folk arts and crafts

The program content of a modeling lesson on the theme of the Dymkovo toy involves

systematization and consolidation of knowledge about folk applied art of the Vyatka region;
development of creative abilities;
instilling pride and respect for the peoples inhabiting the country.

The tasks can be identified

teaching children to create crafts based on the Dymkovo ones;
train constructive and combined methods of modeling;
work on children’s active vocabulary (in particular, expanding the set of adjectives used in speech);
continued development of the ability to carefully work with plastic material;
cultivate the desire to solve the assigned creative task independently (regarding the choice of decorative elements);
encourage creativity and initiative.

Options for crafts based on Dymkovo motifs

This is interesting. Oleshek is a baby deer, fawn.

In the older group, in addition to the deer, children can create

goat;
young lady.

Children usually sculpt the Dymkovo duck and horse in the middle group. True, the elements of painting were either not used or were used in a simplified form. In the older group, these same crafts can become more complicated due to more intricate painting.

History of the fishery

Five centuries ago, beyond the Vyatka River, a small settlement spread its expanses, where Tsar Ivan the Third ordered the inhabitants of the northern regions of Russia to be resettled. Among the new citizens there were a large number of talented craftsmen who were real pottery aces.

In Dymkovo they developed an active activity in the production of clay toys. Whole families took part in the work process. Some were engaged in the extraction of raw materials and prepared a mixture from lump chalk, others sculpted figurines, others specialized in firing, and still others whitened and painted finished products. As you can see, there was something useful for everyone.

The fishery has been actively developing for four hundred years. During this time, a unique technique, specific drawings, and unique images were formed. Dymkovo products and dull shades or blurred patterns are incompatible things. The product was the embodiment of brightness and life.

By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the whistles of the craftsmen of a small village captivated the inhabitants of the whole country. More than one hundred thousand products were produced per year. They were sold in the Orenburg region and Moscow. Fifty-nine families from Dymkovskaya Sloboda worked at the production site. The most skilled craftsmen are the Koshkins and Nikulins.

The beginning of the twentieth century marked the onset of difficult times for the craft. Dymkovo painting has ceased to be in demand, so the famous families of potters began to look for other options for earning money.

Cheap plaster products gradually replaced unique whistles from the shelves. Only one craftswoman remained faithful to the traditional creation of clay products - Anna Mezrina. It is she who needs to be thanked for the fact that the fishery has survived to this day and has not been lost in history.

An equally important role in preserving the craft is given to the painter Alexei Denshin. From an early age he was fascinated by Dymkovo toys, carefully copying all the ornaments. Even after the end of the October Revolution, the artist did not lose hope of attracting attention to folk art. He regularly published handwritten albums and collected clay figurines.

Denshin’s efforts were not in vain. In the thirties of the twentieth century, Kirov again began to actively engage in the manufacture of ceramic products.

How to fill the lesson with content?

Motivation

A costume show about the traditions of Dymkovo fishing is a great way to get children into productive work.

One of the most important stages of preparing a lesson is finding techniques that get children ready to work. Among these ways to interest kids, there are several.

Visibility

Since the topic of the lesson involves creating crafts in the spirit of a certain area, the visual aids must include

Pictures;
photo;
ready-made toys (it is very important that the little ones see real toys in front of them - this way they will be able to get a full impression of the craft, and also learn how to do such painting on their own;
images of variants of Dymkovo painting;
presentations demonstrating not only the variety of crafts, but also the procedure for working on a toy.

Video: presentation “Dymkovo Toy”

The legend of the Dymkovo whistle

One of the objectives of the lesson on modeling Dymkovo toys is to continue the acquaintance, begun in the middle group, with the origins of the Dymkovo craft. As an interesting technique for motivating little creators, you can suggest listening to the legend about the whistles of the Dymkovo settlement.

<...They say that it all started with trouble: enemies approached the city. The city was facing imminent destruction. Then the Vyatichi came up with a trick. All the inhabitants of the city, even small children, took a clay whistle, and, creeping up to the enemy camp at night, they began to whistle desperately. This is probably how the fairytale Nightingale the Robber whistled, from whose whistle the tops of the towers flew off and the trees swayed. The small squad of Vyatichi attacked and overpowered the enemies “with a valiant whistle-whistle.” Since then, the townspeople have been celebrating a national holiday - a fair - every spring. A whistling fair, noisy, bright, so colorful that it hurts your eyes. And not a single holiday is complete without clay toys. At home, the master’s hands kneaded an obedient lump of clay, and the memory revived the impressions of a noisy, bright holiday... and throughout the long winter, blue smoke hovered over the huts of the settlement: peasant craftsmen fired their toys in a Russian oven for the spring whistling fair...>

Poems

Rhymed lines have an organizing effect on children: noisy and restless, they immediately switch to the plot of what they heard. Especially if this is the “we have received a letter” technique, describing a situation from which you can only get out with the help of the children.

“Hello, guys, Ulyanka and Vanyatka, Polina, Sasha, Petya and other children! If you like to play, sculpt and draw, come visit! Welcome! Toys from the village of Dymkovo."

Songs

Considering the fact that without the teacher’s story, children will not be able to fully understand the essence of the task, it is important to make sure that the children plunge into the atmosphere of the time when the Dymkovo toy was born and developed. To do this, you can listen to the songs “Lady” and “Oh, frost, frost.”

Conversation

It is simply impossible not to use this technique. A conversation with the children can also concern the content of what they saw and heard about the toy, and can be conducted in the form of questions and answers based on existing knowledge acquired in the middle group and repeated in the form of a presentation or video.

“What is the essence of Dymkovo toys?”
“What colors predominate in coloring?”
“What is a deer?” etc.

Scheme for drawing up lesson notes

Looking at finished toys will help children catch the flavor of folk tradition.

No matter what craft the children create, the timing of the lesson remains the same.

Introductory part - 5 minutes. The teacher talks about the history of folk art, Dymkovo toys, shows pictures, selects musical accompaniment, formulates questions for the children - that is, motivates the children.
The main part of the lesson is 20 minutes. The teacher explains the progress of work on the craft, and the children begin to complete it. This stage necessarily includes a break for finger exercises and physical education.
The final part is 5 minutes. The teacher thanks the kids for their productive work and asks questions for reflection (“Do you like your craft?”, “Which craft do you think is the most beautiful?”, “Why?”, “What didn’t work out for you?”, “Did you like the lesson?” etc).

This is interesting. If you intend to make a painted craft, then the topic must be divided into 2 lessons, since the base, primed with paint, will need to dry before applying patterns to it. In this case, the outline of the notes and timing will remain the same.

Dymkovo fishery in the 21st century

No matter how technology develops, the famous craft still remains manual. Masters create toys, carefully preserving ancient traditions. Therefore, each figurine is unique. Dymkovo toys have been made for centuries and remain popular, being not only souvenirs, but also guardians of folk memory, a symbol of Russian folk culture.

Currently, both enthusiasts and various organizations take care of the preservation of the famous folk craft. In 2010, in the center of Kirov, with support, a monument dedicated to the Dymkovo toy was erected. It represents a family consisting of a mother with a baby in her arms, a man playing the harmonica, a boy with a whistle, as well as a cat and a dog. All figures are made in the classic Dymkovo style.

The Dymkovo toy was among the treasures of Russian art presented at the opening of the Winter Olympics in Sochi in 2014.

Working on crafts based on Dymkovo motifs

Let's make a deer

It is convenient to sculpt Dymkovo toys in a sculptural way

To create the deer, a combined sculpting method is used, but, nevertheless, the basis is sculptural, that is, kids sculpt parts of the figurine from a single piece.

Instructions:

“From a piece of plasticine (you can combine the leftovers after doing other crafts into one ball) we roll 2 sausages (thick and slightly thinner) - these are blanks for the body and head with neck.”
“We form the body and legs from the thicker one. To do this, we make cuts along 1/3 of the entire length at both ends.”
“We smooth out the resulting elements into cylinders.”
“We bend the figure slightly in the middle, placing it on its legs.”
“We cut a small segment of the second sausage with a stack diagonally.”
“We apply the place of the incision to the body and smooth out the transitions.”
“We take small pieces of plasticine for the ears. We form a ball, and then roll up small thick sausages, stretching out one part so that the figure begins to resemble a three-dimensional triangle.”
“We attach the ears to the head, smooth out the transitions well.”
“We roll the sausage, bend it in the middle and attach it between the ears - these are the horns.”
“We complement the deer with a small tail. To do this, we roll up a thin sausage and attach it to the body, smoothing out the junction.”

This is interesting. Since the craft will still be painted, the horns, ears and tail should not be thin, otherwise they will break when applying paint.

Let's start painting.

Instructions:

“Dip the workpiece into a bowl with white gouache.”
“Let’s get a craft” (it’s better if an adult does this).
Let it dry and apply the selected design with gouache.

Example of lesson notes

Vedernikova Natalya Summary of a modeling lesson in the senior group based on Dymkovo toys “Oleshek” (fragments)

<...Conversation with children Teacher: Guys, do you want to go to the Dymkovo toy workshop? Children: We want! Teacher: So let's fly. What do they fly on in fairy tales? (children offer answer options.) Teacher: - I suggest using a flying carpet. We can all fit on it (invites the children to sit on the carpet). Teacher: - Is everyone ready? The carpet takes off: One, two, three, four, five, Our carpet began to fly over the fields, over the mountains, over the tall forests. We are rushing faster than the wind, Lo and behold, we will land in an instant! (opens the decoration) .2 part: Teacher's story: A story about the Dymkovo toy (poem) “Dymkovo toys” Get your ears ready, kids, This is interesting to know: All about the Dymkovo toy I want to tell you. In Dymkovo, near Vyatka, Four hundred years ago, for the spring holiday, “Whistling,” They were sculpted by young and old. These Vyatka toys are like a rainbow in the spring: Look, here’s a turkey, A tail like a painted fan, An elongated beard, Like a plume, a comb, Wings with bright eyeliner - The whole toy is like a flower! Nearby there is a beautiful young lady, standing with her arms akimbo; Apron, skirt and kokoshnik: Everything sparkles and burns. Black arched eyebrows, eyes, cheeks, scarlet mouth - It seems that he will wave his hand and immediately begin to dance. Buffoons, water bearers, ladies and roosters - They are decorated with stripes, cages, dots and circles. Red, yellow and green, Scarlet, blue, light blue - All colors on a white background of this painted haze . The whole country and the whole world knows the folk craft; You saw this Russian souvenir today. Teacher: - Look, we found ourselves in front of a workshop where Dymkovo toys . And now I invite you to become masters for a while and invite you to the workshop. Teacher: - But the workshop is closed. To enter it, you need to answer questions. Teacher: - What are Dymkovo toys ? Children: - From clay Teacher: - What other materials are needed? Teacher: – What tools are needed for work? Part 3: The workshop opens. Children enter and sit at their work stations. Teacher: - Check if everything is ready for work? (children answer) Teacher: - Guess my riddle and find out what you will sculpt: Stands on slender legs - All the beauty is in the horns. That's right, it's a deer . Teacher: Pay attention to the diagram! (on the poster there are samples and modeling )...> <...Teacher: - Now you get to work. Try to make your work beautiful and neat. A good master's workplace is always clean and tidy. Physical education lesson Teacher: Let’s stretch our fingers before work. We brought clay from a distant hillock (hands on the belt, turns with a spring) Well, let's get to work, miracle masters! (arms forward, to the sides) Blind, dry - and into the oven! (they sculpt with “palms”) And then we will paint (fingers with a pinch, draw wavy lines) We will toys , (sculpt with “palms”) The stove radiates with heat. (they clench and unclench their fists) But there are no rolls in the oven, (they wave their index finger) But in the oven there are toys ! (hands forward) Teacher: - Before we start work, let’s say the following words: “I’ll sit straight, I won’t bend, I’ll get to work.” Teacher: - Now you can start working. Independent work. Teacher: - And now I’ll see whose fingers are the most dexterous and skillful. Children begin to work, the teacher monitors the work, advises, and shows working techniques. Part 4: Summary of the lesson . Analysis of works. The children finish their work, wipe their hands, and place the reindeer on the stand. Teacher: - Let's see how our masters coped with the work. Teacher: – Are all the toys okay ? Teacher: – Whose work do you like the most? Why? Teacher: - Which toy is the neatest ? Teacher: - Well, guys! We learned a lot of interesting things in Dymkovskaya Sloboda , met with toys , and tried ourselves as craftsmen. It's time for us to go back. Sit down on the carpet quickly. Another minute and he will leave the ground. Children sit on the carpet - an airplane. Teacher: - One, two, three! Fly! Teacher: - Repeat the farewell words after me: We will remember the Dymkovo toy And now, friends - girlfriends, We will finish our story...>

Photo gallery: ready-made children's crafts

You need to paint the craft only after the first layer of paint, that is, the primer, has dried well, otherwise the painting will bleed.

Some options for making a deer involve large branched horns

Due to his age, Oleshek may not be able to rest firmly on his legs.

Let's make a goat

It’s better to leave painting the crafts for the next lesson - this way you can pay more attention to smoothing out the details

As an option for making a Dymkovo toy, you can invite kids to make a goat. When getting acquainted with domestic animals (or after studying the fairy tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”) in the junior and middle groups, the children were already making a kid. The technique will be the same, only the Dymkovo toy has large horns. Also, sculpting the torso, limbs, head and tail will be similar to how we made the deer. Let's dwell on the creation of these largest horns and ears.

Instructions:

“Roll two long sausages.”
“We bend them in a circle, but leaving one end free.”
“We stick this edge to the head.”
Repeat for the second horn.
“We form 2 balls from 2 small pieces of plasticine and make pancakes from them.”
“We pinch the workpiece, grabbing it along the edge of the circle, so that we get a spatula.”
“We apply the narrow part to the head in the place where the horns are attached.”
“We sharpen the goat’s muzzle a little, slightly extending it for this purpose.”

An example of a lesson plan for sculpting a Dymkovo goat

<…Organizational moment (1–2 min.) – Look, guys, a goat has come to visit us. What is he like? - A goat, a steep-horned goat, He has a strict character. His pants are on his feet, look at them, kids! - Do you know that the goat has friends, do you want to meet them? Answer the questions: - A beautiful goat. - We'd like to meet you.

Conversation about the Dymkovo toy - the goat (3-4 min.)

– Guys, look at the pictures, you see goat toys in them, what are they? – Yes, they are very unusual. Look, goats are a Dymkovo folk toy. Say in unison: Dymkovo toy! – This toy is not simple, but magically painted: let’s look at it. -What does the goat have? -What color are his ears? – What color is the tail and hooves? – Look at the pattern on the goat? What does it consist of? – What colors are in the pattern on the goat? – Which of you liked this toy? Fine! The children say in chorus: “Dymkovo toy.” Children answer: - A goat has a head, neck, torso, legs, tail, ears, horns. – The pattern consists of circles.

Finger gymnastics (1–2 min)

Let’s take the plasticine in our hands and knead it better. We'll divide everything into pieces, we'll start sculpting the goat: We'll roll out the head, we'll roll out the legs. The pants are like a bell, we connect them. Perform movements following the teacher: (clench and unclench fingers) (show how to tear off pieces) (movement imitating rolling a ball between the palms) (movement imitating rolling a sausage between the palms) (connect the fingers of two hands with each other in the form of a house)

Explanation of the task: goat sculpting sequences (5–6 min.)

– Take one piece of plasticine in your hands and knead it. – After kneading the plasticine, roll out this lump of plasticine on a modeling board. You will get a figure like this - a cylinder (or column). – Take the cylinder (column) in both hands and with your right hand pull out one end of the cylinder (column). - Now bend it in an arc. You will get the neck and head of a goat. – Below, where the neck connects to the body, the goat has legs. To make the goat's legs, take the stem in your hands and make a cut in the middle of the body. After this, pull the plasticine left and right - these will be the goat’s legs. – On the head we will make a beard and horns from plasticine of a different color, for example, yellow. – Pinch off small pieces and roll into round balls and flatten them to form circles - pucks. Decorate your toy with beautiful colorful circles. – Then take some black and make the eyes, nose and hooves of the goat. Children take plasticine in their hands, knead it, and roll it out. Bend and stretch the goat's neck and head. Children make a cut with a stack and stretch out the goat's legs. They stretch out the horns and beard on the goat's head. Multi-colored circles are sculpted from plasticine to decorate the goat’s body. The eyes, nose, and hooves of a goat are made from black plasticine.

Finger gymnastics (1–2 min.)

A duck walks in a skirt, in a warm sheepskin coat, a chicken in a vest, a cockerel in a beret, a goat in a sundress, a bunny in a caftan, and the prettiest of them all is a cow in matting. Perform movements after the teacher. For each animal name, bend the fingers on the hands, starting with the thumbs. Rhythmic alternating hand claps and fist bumps. 6.. Independent productive activity of children (7–8 min) Children make a toy from plasticine.

Summing up the lesson. Reflection (2–3 min.)

– What toy did you meet today, what is it called? - Let's look at the fairy-tale goats you made. – What beautiful toys you have made! – Who liked to sculpt a goat? - Well done! Come to me, put the toys on the stand, what wonderful friends you have made for the goat! The children answer: - Dymkovo toy. Children look at the molded toys...>

Photo gallery: finished crafts

To make it more complex, you can add a beard to the figure, as well as fur on the legs.

To make a figure in a sitting position, you do not need to cut the back third of the base of the body in half. The features of the muzzle can be drawn in stacks

Stages of work on other toys based on Dymkovo motifs

horse

You can decorate the craft with small plasticine pancakes of suitable colors.

Modeling a horse figurine is no different from creating a deer. Even their ears will be the same. But the horse needs a mane and tail. In addition, painting on the toy can also be done from plasticine.

Instructions:

“We roll a sausage out of a piece of black plasticine.”
“We roll it up into a flagellum and apply it to the head and neck, placing it between the ears.”
“We also use a rope to roll up another sausage for the tail.”
“We pinch off small pieces of plasticine of different colors, shape them into pancakes and attach them to the horse’s body, imitating painting.”
“Using pieces of black material we make eyes and a nose.”

Young lady

Modeling a lady requires special attention to the small details of finishing her costume

This craft is also painted with plasticine, which saves time on painting and drying the workpiece.

Instructions:

“We take a piece of white plasticine and roll it into a thick sausage.”
“We visually divide the figure into 3 parts, and having separated 1/3, we smear the material in different directions with our fingers so that we get a narrowing - the young lady’s waist.”
“On the contrary, we expand the lower part downwards - this is the skirt of the figure.”
“Roll up 2 thin sausage-like handles and apply one end to the top of the workpiece, and the other just below the waist.”
“Roll a ball for the head.”
“We make a ball from a small piece, which we turn into a thick, low cylinder - this is the neck.”
“We attach the neck to the body, apply the details.”
“We put the head on the neck and apply it too.”
“We’re dressing the lady. We roll out a piece of green plasticine into a thin pancake and apply it in the form of a blouse.”
“We use the same thin pancakes from green plasticine to make sleeves.”
“We lay out a thin blue sausage in the form of a collar.”
“We roll 4 thin sausages out of black plasticine, twist them in pairs and attach them to the head - this is hair.”
“We cover the places where the hair is attached with a thin black pancake.”
“We make a strip for the kokoshnik from a blue sausage, forming a wavy edge with a stack.”
“Attach the headdress to the head.”
“Using pieces of plasticine of suitable colors we make dots-eyes, stripes of the mouth, nose and eyebrows.”
“We decorate the costume with small pancakes and plasticine dots of different colors.”

Photo gallery: toys based on Dymkovo

You can create entire compositions from crafts, for example, a meeting of 3 young lady friends

The mane and tail can be given a wavy shape using stacks

If the body is not bent too much, the figure will appear at a gallop.

Video: sculpting a young lady based on the Dymkovo toy

Interesting Facts

The history of Dymkovo toys goes back about 400 years. The decline occurred in the middle of the 20th century, but in 1942 the fishery received a new impetus for development. The artist Alexey Denshin brought this to light. Despite the fact that there was a war in the country, he was able to revive interest in toys.

Now the settlement of Dymkovo has become a microdistrict of the city of Kirov . It was here that craftswomen passed on the secrets of making toys from generation to generation. Now they are no longer alive, but in some places wooden houses have been preserved. One man bought land there and when he dug it up, he found fragments of almost 50 figurines. It is possible that one day it will be possible to create a museum that will preserve the history of the Dymkovo toy.

The bridge over the Vyatka River is stylized “hazy” . It looks beautiful and unusual. Similar designs were also used during the draw for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. During the Soviet era, soda machines featured a picture of the Dymkovo lady.

By 2024, it is planned to make the gray industrial city of Kirov bright and original. For this purpose, buildings are decorated with traditional Dymkovo patterns. The craft is gaining popularity again and toys can be bought in many Russian cities.