E. A. Alyabyeva A child in the world of adults. Stories about professions

From the author

Familiarizing children of senior preschool age with the professions of adults is one of the important tasks of a child’s socialization. The idea of ​​professions allows children to penetrate deeper into the world of adults, understand and accept it. It creates an interest in work, gives birth to a dream about one’s own future, and makes it possible to be proud of the results of the work of one’s close relatives and people in general. The transformation of the world of professions clearly shows children how scientific thought develops and technological progress takes place in society and the world. Experiencing the influence of the results of adults’ work on themselves, children practically realize its significance. Work for everyone becomes clear to a child of senior preschool age; socialization of the results of the work of adults helps him understand the interdependence of people in a social community.

The reflection of the work of adults in role-playing games shows the importance of this area of ​​cognition for children.

The relevance of the formation in children of primary ideas about work, its role in society and the life of each person is justified by the Federal State Educational Standard for Education.

The range of professions that older preschoolers are introduced to is quite wide. However, the teacher cannot introduce children to every profession by organizing excursions and targeted walks. Thematic dictionaries, visual aids, material from the Internet and, of course, stories, poems and fairy tales come to the rescue.

Only a combination of different methods and forms can produce results. It is necessary to interest preschoolers so that they have a desire to understand the topic as deeply as possible, come into contact with it personally, and dream of trying themselves in this area of ​​​​human activity.

The author offers several methodological guides to familiarize children aged 5–8 years with professions. The books under the general title “Let’s Play in the Profession,” published by the publishing house “TC Sfera” in 2015, systematize activities, games, poems, riddles, physical education, and gymnastics for the designated professions. This book is a good addition to these manuals.

The author tried to show the relationship between people of different professions working at the same enterprise or in the same field of activity.

Children's stories with a plot are more relatable and understandable to a preschooler. They help you look at the professional activities of adults through the eyes of a child and connect your personal experience.

Descriptive stories include more necessary information, but require children to concentrate, process information, and memorize.

All stories contribute to the development of children's speech. The teacher’s questions and tasks after reading are aimed at developing the ability to reason, draw conclusions, tell a story, correctly construct sentences, enrich and activate the vocabulary.

The sections contain goals, each story has a methodological part with questions, tasks and vocabulary work. Interpretation of concepts at the end of each section will help teachers most accurately and correctly explain the meaning of words used in stories, and children will enrich their vocabulary. In the texts, words for vocabulary work are highlighted in italics.

Several stories are offered about each profession, which allows you to reveal it more deeply. When writing them, the author relied on material from encyclopedias, Wikipedia, federal laws, job descriptions, qualification requirements for positions, and dictionaries. Some stories can serve as the basis for construction games, for example, “Railway Station”, “Port”, etc. Educational material about technology and the heroics of everyday life of people of different professions has been selected especially for boys. For example, in the description of the profession of a sea captain, various commands are used for interaction between sailors on a ship, which children can use in their creative games.

The amount of material offered to children is determined by the teacher. Of course, long stories need to be read in parts. Stories require discussion of individual points as you read, consideration of numerous examples. Concepts unfamiliar to children can be discussed before reading, but be sure to clarify them again during the reading process. Professions such as journalist and media worker are difficult for children to understand, so relying on specific material available to them, including video, is mandatory.

The author wishes teachers and children an exciting journey into the world of professions.

Works about doctors

Doctor is a very important profession. Children are one of the first to meet her, because it is the doctor who accompanies them almost from birth. Little ones are attracted to the medicine bottles, stethoscope and white coat. The game of doctor is one of the most favorite among preschool children.

K. Chukovsky. "Aibolit"

The most famous and beloved doctor of all generations. He heals animals. But they mean children. Aibolit is responsive, always ready to help, and the animals are very grateful to him for his work.

D. Herriot. “From the memoirs of a rural veterinarian”

A veterinarian is a doctor who treats animals. The book by the English writer D. Herriot tells the story of the beginning of the career of a rural veterinarian. Children will learn interesting details about animals and also become familiar with the work of a veterinarian.

L. Razumova. “For injections, for injections!”

A poem from the perspective of a children's doctor. The doctor's work is described by himself. Responsibilities are briefly addressed. The figure of the doctor does not evoke fear; on the contrary, she appears benevolent and welcoming. The poem is recommended for relieving anxiety before visiting the clinic for some children.

Educational stories for children 5–8 years old

Postal workers

Tasks:

– reveal the importance of the postal service of the Russian Federation and its workers, show how postal communication allows people to receive information and exchange it on an equal basis while maintaining the secrecy of correspondence, send and receive necessary goods, money orders, magazines and newspapers (new information), pensions; contact any location in the world; receive additional services;

– introduce postal workers, their job responsibilities, significant personal and professional qualities, and the rules for sending correspondence;

– provide basic knowledge on postal history;

– develop focused attention, auditory perception, memory, dialogic and monologue speech, enrich and activate the vocabulary;

– develop the ability to use your personal experience in a conversation, draw conclusions, express judgments;

– to form a respectful attitude towards postal workers and interest in their activities.

How Anya began to understand her mother

Anya's mom works at the post office as a telecom operator

first class. She has so much work that by the end of the day she is simply overwhelmed. Anya could not understand why her mother was so tired. She was offended when her mother refused to play with her in the evening and went to her room.

One day, the kindergarten that Anya went to was closed for renovations. The mother had to take her daughter with her to work because there was no one to leave her with at home. The mother sat her daughter at the table, gave her a sketchbook, paints and pencils, and asked Anya not to make noise and not to distract her from her work. The girl drew a little, she got bored, and she went to inspect the post office.

The post office where Anya’s mother worked was small and served one of the city’s microdistricts. There were only two booths for long-distance telephone communications.

. In these booths it was possible to talk on the phone with family, friends or business partners living in other cities.

Two more telecom operators, a post office manager and two postmen worked with my mother. During the day, these several people did so much work that Anya even felt dizzy.

Telecom operators, including Anya’s mother, worked with visitors, postmen and workers from the main post office - the most important post office in the city.

Anya approached the department where telecom operator Maria Ivanovna worked. She received and packaged parcels

and
parcels
, entering all the data about them into the computer.
She also gave out parcels and parcels to visitors who came to the post office to receive them. Maria Ivanovna carefully read receipt
and checked it against the passport. Anya asked her:

– Maria Ivanovna, why don’t you immediately hand over the parcel, but instead carefully read some papers?

“I read the recipient’s receipt and passport so carefully so as not to give the parcel or parcel to the wrong person for whom it is intended,” Maria Ivanovna answered seriously. – I also weigh parcels and parcels to check the accuracy of the weight, and check for any damage to the packaging.

“And I would simply give the parcel to the person who came for it,” said Anya, “then there would be no line at all.”

“You can’t do that,” Maria Ivanovna answered in an edifying tone. – Would you like it if someone else received your package or if the toy you were waiting for fell out of it along the way? Do not ask silly questions. Better help me put the parcels in the mail bag. Add and count. Then you can tell me how many are in the bag. Anya got down to business with pleasure. The parcels were not as heavy as parcels, so the girl easily completed her task. She could only count to ten. When there were ten parcels in the bag, Anya told Maria Ivanovna about this.

“Well done, Anechka,” the operator praised the girl, “she completed my task well.” I hire you as my assistant.

“You’re welcome,” Anya answered, “but I still need to help the others.” They should also have assistants.

And Anya went to the department where telecom operator Elena Petrovna worked. There was a long line at her window.

- Why is there such a long line for you? – Anya asked Elena Petrovna.

– Because everyone wants to quickly pay rent or receive a pension

, child benefits,” Elena Petrovna answered, without looking up from the computer and receipts.

Anya immediately realized that Elena Petrovna could not be distracted because she was counting money. The girl went to see what her mother was doing. She quietly sat down next to her and began to watch her mother work. First, mom accepted a stack of registered letters

from a girl.
stamps
on them and entered all the data into the computer.
Then the mother ran a receipt and took money from the girl for sending letters. The grandmother came up to her mother’s window to pick up the girl. She wanted to subscribe to the magazine “Our Garden”. Mom helped grandma fill out the receipt and charged her for the year. Next in line was a woman who bought an envelope, postcard
and stamps from her mother, and the man behind her sent
a money order
. The young man, who was in line behind the man, received a money transfer by presenting his passport.

Anya’s mother did not have a single moment when she could rest. The line didn't end. Working with visitors seemed very difficult to Anna. Elderly people, who had difficulty seeing and hearing, had to explain things for a long time and help in processing postal items. Others wanted to quickly buy an envelope or stamps without waiting in line. People constantly came up and needed to answer some question.

Anya’s mother tried to be polite and reserved with everyone. All visitors were pleased with her and thanked her for her work. Anya wondered how her mother had enough time and patience for everyone?

It's finally time for lunch. Anya, along with her mother and other operators, was able to rest and eat.

In the afternoon, Anya took a closer look at the work of telecom operators with a computer. postal items into it.

and receiving them. Working on a computer required constant attention and concentration. By the end of the day, the operators' eyes were very tired, and their backs hurt from tension. Anya really wanted to help the operators, but, unfortunately, she did not yet know how to use a computer, and children are not allowed to do such responsible work.

Anya realized that the work of her mother and other telecom operators is very responsible. If they format the mail incorrectly, it will not reach the recipient, but will be returned or may be lost. No one would want their letter or parcel to fail to reach its destination.

Anya helped her mother put registered letters into a pile, and then went to the postmen’s room. Together with them, she put newspapers and magazines in compartments on large shelves and in special boxes for those people who go to receive letters, newspapers and magazines by mail. Such boxes

are called
subscriber ones
. But the girl was not allowed to distribute her pension, which postmen deliver to grandparents’ homes. Money is not for children. The postmen left to deliver mail and pensions to homes, and Anya was left alone. She was so tired during the day that she fell asleep right on the chair.

The working day ended, and mother and daughter went home. On the way, we still had to stop at the store to buy groceries, but we had almost no energy left for that. In the evening, Anya no longer felt like jumping and running. Only now did she realize how tired her mother was. The coloring book that the mother bought for her daughter in gratitude for her help remained on the table until the next day.

After the girl went to her mother’s post office, she began to take care of her. Every evening she ran to meet her, brought her slippers, helped her hang up her clothes, and cooked her dinner. Anya wanted her mother to rest and relax after a hard day at work.

Despite the fact that Anya found the work of a telecom operator difficult, the girl liked it. Doing something for people is so important!

Questions and tasks

● Why was Anya offended by her mother? Where did Anya's mother work? What was her job?

● Why did Anya end up at the post office with her mother? What kind of work did Anya’s mother have to do during the working day? What difficulties did she experience in communicating with visitors? What kind of work did other telecom operators do?

● What should a telecom operator be like to do his job well?

● How did Anya behave at the post office? Why did the daughter change her behavior and attitude towards her mother?

● Did you go to the post office with your parents? Tell me.

Vocabulary work:

telecom operator, PO box, receipt, postal item, long-distance telephone communication, parcel, parcel post, registered letter, envelope, postcard, stamp, pension, money transfer.

Car with a white stripe

One day, Vitya and his dad went, as usual, to the railway station to watch the passing trains. This was their favorite pastime. Dad told his son a lot about trains, their purpose, and distinctive features. Electric trains, long-distance passenger trains, and freight trains rushed past.

Suddenly Vitya saw a carriage with a white diagonal stripe on a blue background, an emblem and the inscription “Russian Post”.

-What kind of carriage is this? – Vitya asked his dad. - Somewhat strange, not like everyone else.

- This is a mail car

, - answered dad.
– don’t you know about this? Then I'll tell you. By rail, postal items
(parcels, parcels, letters)
are transported by
postal and baggage trains and postal cars as part of fast passenger trains.
So that everyone can recognize mail trains and carriages, they use distinctive signs: a stripe, an emblem
and an inscription. You saw these signs on the mail car. But you didn’t notice the special beacons that light up and blink. They are called flashing ones. This is also the insignia of the mail car.

“By the way,” dad added, “mail is transported not only by rail, but also by road, air and water transport.” And everywhere such transport is provided with unhindered passage to post offices and post offices.

The train with the unusual carriage stopped. From it, postal workers began to unload bags, load them onto carts and take them somewhere. Vitya noticed that the carriage was guarded by armed men.

- Dad, why are they unloading some bags from the mail car? Why is he being protected? – he asked his father.

“Let’s go up to the carriage and ask the postal workers what they are doing,” the father suggested.

They approached the carriage when the unloading had already finished. Turning to one of the workers, they learned that he was the head of the traveling crew. The boss, whose name was Ivan Vasilyevich, liked that the little boy was interested in his work. He enjoyed talking with father and son and talked about transporting mail by rail.

“Working with mail is very responsible,” Ivan Vasilyevich began, “not a single letter, not a single parcel should go missing or go to the wrong address.” traveling teams transport mail by rail.

with a boss at the head.
They employ conductors and electricians
of mail cars.
You, Vitya, probably know that electricians work with electrical equipment. They service electrical installations that move postal cargo
. There is so much of it and it is so heavy that it would be very difficult to carry so much mail by hand.

In addition, the postal cargo needs to be unloaded

and load it into
the carriage

train
schedule , because all trains on the railway arrive at the station and depart from it at a strictly defined time.

“Vitya, would you like your grandmother to receive, for example, the parcel you sent on time and safely?” – Ivan Vasilyevich turned to the boy.

- Of course I would! - the boy exclaimed. “Otherwise grandma will be very upset.”

– Every person is interested in ensuring that his postal item is delivered on time, is not lost, torn, unstuck, or opened by anyone other than the addressee. What is being done at the post office for this? – continued Ivan Vasilyevich. – Postal items are securely packaged in durable containers (bags) made of cellophane, boxes made of cardboard, special material or plastic. For each postal item, telecom operators issue a receipt and enter information about it into the computer. No strangers can get into the postal vehicle, carriage, or postal premises on the plane

or on
a sea vessel
.
These premises are also equipped with a special alarm system
.
It serves as security
and warns of fire. In addition to the alarm system, there is also an entire postal security unit staffed by armed guards.

What a serious matter this is - transporting mail! Grow up quickly, Vitya, and come to work with us.

“I never thought that mail needed to be protected,” Vitya said thoughtfully, “I thought that only some military facilities needed to be protected.” What a responsible job you have! Can I shake your hand? – the boy turned to Ivan Vasilyevich.

Ivan Vasilyevich smiled, but extended his hand to the boy. His hand was big and strong. Vitya remembered this handshake for a long time. Now, when trains rushed past him and his dad, he always highlighted the postal trains to himself and remembered the conversation with the head of the mail car.

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12 fascinating children's books about professions

Society talks so much about career guidance for children and teenagers, but there are very few good books about professions. Every parent who would like to direct their child to the only true path in life will tell you this - the path of creative work. A strange paradox.

In this collection we have collected educational and artistic books about different specialties. Some of them were written half a century ago, and some more recently. Among them are stories about new and old professions. They are united by a love for children, a love of work and responsibility for their spoken word.

Profession: firefighter.

Boris Lapidus “When I grow up, I will become a railway worker”

Boris Lapidus - Senior Vice President. So he had a good idea of ​​what he was writing about. The book has very beautiful illustrations and diagrams of mechanisms that are interesting to examine in detail. It tells about the emergence and development of railway transport, about the first steam engines that slowly moved along the rails, terrifying careless contemporaries with their unprecedented appearance, size and roar. It pays a lot of attention to modern professionals—railway workers and the internal structure of trains and stations. There are many boys who are completely in love with trains of all kinds. And it seems that Boris Lapidus was once one of them.

For children from 6 years old.

Profession: excavator operator.

Penny LeCoutere, Jay Burreson. "Napoleon's buttons. Seventeen molecules that changed the world"

This book will help to get even humanists interested in chemistry. The main characters in it are chemical elements. Historical anecdotes, geographical discoveries, and even foreign policy are woven into the history of science. It clearly explains the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. And many of the characters in the book are organic compounds that we cannot do without. If everything that chemists had a hand in disappeared overnight, there would be almost nothing left of modern civilization. If the formulas in this book immediately seem complicated to the reader, they can be skipped without affecting the reading. The main thing that a child will take away from this book is that chemistry is worth becoming a lifelong activity.

For children from 12 years old.

Profession: chemist, metallurgist

Irina Kirpichnikova “Crystal Secrets”

Publishing House "Children's Literature"

This artistic and documentary story, unfortunately, has also not been republished since Soviet times. It talks about the famous Russian glassblower Boris Alekseevich Eremin. The whole life of the main character passes before us, who, from childhood, fell in love with the magical union of glass and fire. It contains a lot of interesting information about glass, about the techniques that glassblowers still use today, about dynasties in which the secrets of the craft were passed on from father to son. If a child, after reading this book, does not want to choose the profession of glass blower, then he will probably want to look at decorative glass, the best examples of which are kept in the Hermitage along with paintings by Rembrandt and Raphael.

For children from 12 years old.

Profession: driver.

Lev Tokmakov “Mishin’s Gem”

Lev Tokmakov is a famous Soviet writer and artist. In the 1960s, he wrote a fictional story about a boy who one day came across a “transparent pencil.” The amazing thing turned out to be a rock crystal. And Mishka Kryukov, unnoticed by himself, plunges into a world that he had never even suspected of before. He meets geologists and falls in love with the science of rocks right before our eyes. In this short story you will meet with the Urals and its inhabitants. On the wonderful Ural soil, you can study mineralogy right on the way to school. Each stone has its own history and its own secret.

For children from 6 years old.

Profession: railway worker.

Inna Karpova. "Chauffeur"

Publishing house "Nastya and Nikita". From the series of books “Who to Be.”

Irina Karpova’s publishing house “Nastya and Nikita” has published several educational books from the “Who to be?” series. (“Tailor”, “Baker”, “Chauffeur”, “Rescuer”, “Artist”). A book about a driver will be interesting to boys. It explains in detail the structure of the car with diagrams and drawings in simple and understandable language. The author managed to do without complex terms and unclear words. She tells you how to drive a car, how to take care of it, and how to become a good driver. At the simplest level, it introduces the rules of the road and explains the meaning of main road signs. At the end of the book there are game tasks and puzzles that can be solved by reading the text.

For children from 6 years old.

Profession: philologist, linguist.

Lev Uspensky. A word about words

Lev Uspensky is a teacher, editor, writer, popularizer of linguistics as a science. His book “A Word about Words” has been reprinted several times. He knows how to kindle interest in the area of ​​​​knowledge that he himself is fluent in. What sound is the most expensive in the world - what is the rarest? Where do the error words come from? And why is the letter called a scarecrow? Who is the “gloppy bush”? And much more.

This book will be useful not only for those who want to connect their profession with words - to become a journalist, teacher, linguist, but for everyone who is interested in better understanding the history of our country. After all, the history of a people and the history of a language are inextricably linked.

For children from 12 years old.

Profession: physicist

Walter Levin. "Through the eyes of a physicist"

Publishing house "Mann, Ivanov and Ferber".

Walter Lewin is a Dutch astrophysicist and former professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Doctor of Physical Sciences in the field of nuclear physics. He discovered the first slowly rotating neutron star - but that's not what made him famous. He is known as an enthusiast and popularizer of science. A person in love with physics is able to infect his little readers with this feeling. Walter Lewin conducts experiments on himself, writes emotionally and chaotically, but with childish delight he describes the operation of physical laws. Physics is fun, it's cool, it's creative! On the YouTube channel you can find lectures by Professor Levin and see him live.

For children from 10 years old.

Profession: chemist

Nikolay Andreev, Sergey Konovalov, Nikita Panyunin “Mathematical component”

Publishing house "Mathematical Etudes".

Mathematics is not quite a profession. It is, rather, a way of understanding the world, a way of thinking, thanks to which man has gone beyond the boundaries of his biological nature - he flies in the sky, dives into the depths of the ocean, builds incredible machines and skyscrapers. If a child asks why he needs mathematics in school, let him read this book. The authors had the task of talking about mathematical discoveries and how they are implemented in life. They coped with their task brilliantly. It turns out that everything that surrounds us can be described in the language of mathematics. And the world will appear before the child in all its mathematical harmony and grandeur.

For children from 10 years old.

Profession: programmer.

Mikhail Pegov “Firefighters. History of the Fire Department"

Publishing house "Nastya and Nikita".

A small educational book by modern writer Mikhail Pegov contains a lot of information about the profession of a firefighter. How man tamed fire, how he tried to prevent fires at different times, what equipment was used at different times, what firefighters wore to avoid getting burned, what equipment they used. Modern firefighters have the most advanced achievements of science and technology in their service, and yet the profession remains one of the most dangerous on earth.

For children from 6 years old.

Profession: mineralogist.