Project on the topic: “Who protects us. Fire Department of Russia” for 3rd class
Project goal: To prepare a presentation, report or message on the subject “The World Around us”, to tell schoolchildren about the work of software in Russia.
Learn about how the profession appeared, how firefighters work, what tools they use. Find out about celebrated holidays. Project plan:
- Introduction
- History of the development of fire fighting
- Firefighter profession
- Special transport
- Holidays
- Conclusion
- Example of a finished presentation
A firefighter is a specialist who fights fire. Saves people from him. And suppresses possible sources of fire.
We will tell you about the profession. Let's talk about how a teenager can master it. And we’ll tell you what to pay attention to during selection.
More about the profession
Firefighters are specialists who work in the fire department or the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Their main task is to extinguish certain fires. And also save people who have become hostage to the flames.
Features of the area of activity
When a fire occurs, many people panic. Because this event is really very scary. And it can lead to real problems. Most people don't know what to do when faced with a situation like this. To survive, they need the help of a firefighter.
What do firefighters do when they arrive on the scene?
When a team of firefighters arrives at a problem site, specialists begin to save people. Evacuate them from a burning building (or any other architectural object). After this, the team begins to put out the fire in every possible way. To do this, she uses special fire hoses. Straightens them out and then directs them to where the fire needs to be put out.
After this, the commander becomes involved in the situation. He analyzes what is happening. After this, he prescribes a tactic according to which the fire will be extinguished by the team.
The commander's responsibilities include monitoring the entire process of extinguishing the flame. He may call additional people to put out the fire. Or request additional equipment. Also, the commander's responsibilities include command of the brigade. He tells you at what stage what needs to be stewed. It also indicates where to place this or that extinguishing mechanism.
Each fire is largely individual. Accordingly, specialists may need different types of equipment. As well as different types of strategies.
During a fire, a small group of people is sent to investigate
When extinguishing a fire, several Emergency Ministry employees are singled out from a large group. They are sent inside a burning object. So that they can conduct reconnaissance. And they got the people who were stuck there out of the fire.
A group like this always sticks together. They go one after another. Usually they are fastened with a single cable. So that not a single team member gets lost or gets lost. This is very important because there is usually a lot of smoke in a burning room. As a result, visibility is low and it is very easy to get lost.
Accordingly, an experienced fighter goes first in the spike. It is also closed by a person with very rich experience. It is interesting that the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are called “fighters”. The fact is that putting out a fire is similar to fighting for life on the battlefield.
How does the Ministry of Emergency Situations extinguish large-scale fires?
If the fire is large-scale, then one team is unlikely to cope with it. In this case, a large number of teams are sent to the point. There are situations when teams from all over the city come to extinguish the fire. This way, crews have a better chance of getting the fire under control.
When teams from different parts of the city go to a fire, this is very good. Because in this case, the teenager will have the opportunity to arrive at the fire point in the shortest possible time. And start putting it out.
About organizing a fire excursion
The work of a firefighter is highly organized. Departures to the fire extinguishing point are planned down to the seconds. Every minute counts here.
When a person calls and reports a fire, the alarm sounds in the fire department. After this, Emergencies Ministry employees must put on appropriate clothing within 20 seconds. Then, they must quickly jump into a specialized vehicle and drive to the fire site in the shortest possible time. Without delay. In most cases, EMERCOM employees reach the required facility within a few minutes. Usually around five. Not more.
What is the main goal of an Emergencies Ministry employee?
The most important task of an employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is to save certain people by any means. If a person has inhaled smoke or been burned by fire, then he must be transferred to the hands of an ambulance. So that doctors can help him. At the same time, until the doctors arrive, first aid must be provided by the brigade soldiers.
To work as a firefighter, you must be physically developed.
The job of a firefighter is very difficult. To be able to successfully engage in it, a teenager needs to be physically developed. Here he will have to carry heavy equipment with him. Move quickly with it. At the same time, hold a fire hose in your hands. And also have all the necessary equipment. Without special physical training, achieving what you want will be very problematic.
At the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the teenager will have to pass physical standards
While serving in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the teenager will be physically monitored. He will have to regularly pass various types of standards. In particular, running, different types of pull-ups. Also, brigade fighters regularly participate in various competitions. In particular, in sports competitions in different types of swimming. They also do kettlebell lifting.
Is the profession of a firefighter dangerous?
Of course, being a firefighter is a very dangerous profession. Every day he interacts with fire. This means that if he takes the wrong action, he may die. In general, firefighters consider fire to be an animal. Very evil, vile and insidious.
In addition to the fact that a brigade employee can die in a fire, there is a risk of various diseases. In particular, the cardiovascular system. Also, during the process, an emergency worker may be injured. Or get stressed.
You need to go into a profession only if you have a corresponding calling
A teenager should go to the Ministry of Emergency Situations only if he is not afraid of fire. Not afraid of smoke. Does not worry about various types of physical stress. And also, he is not chasing high salaries (they are not too high for firefighters).
What kind of career can a firefighter have?
An ordinary unit employee can subsequently become a full-fledged commander. However, for this it is necessary to obtain an appropriate higher education. Also, the latter provides an opportunity to get interesting positions. The teenager will be able to master the specialty of an expert or inspector. As well as a number of other interesting positions.
What is the salary of firefighters?
In the regions of Russia, firefighters' salaries are quite modest. It ranges from 17 to 58 thousand rubles. In Moscow it is a little higher. The salary range in the capital ranges from 25 to 70 thousand rubles.
Where do firefighters work?
A huge number of firefighters serve in the State Fire Supervision, as well as in the Ministry of Emergency Situations itself. In addition, firefighters may be located in other places. In particular, in municipal fire protection. Or in some private companies (where the salary is correspondingly higher).
What qualities should a firefighter have?
A profession is suitable for a teenager if he:
- He is a brave person.
- He loves and wants to help people.
- It is stress resistant. Has nerves of steel and is not afraid of anything.
- Is strong. And also very dexterous.
- Has perfect response. Can quickly react to what happened.
- He is a smart young man.
- Has excellent discipline.
- Has the ability to take on different types of responsibility.
- Can come to the aid of a neighbor. And save him.
What skills should a firefighter have?
A firefighter must master the various types of equipment needed to put out a fire. Also, he must be able to use devices for evacuating people. In addition, the fighter must know different tactics to combat different types of fire. Also, the specialist must remember the safety rules. Abide by them without question. Otherwise, there is a risk of health problems.
Also, a specialist must be able to help burned people. Until a full-fledged ambulance arrives. And until they are taken to the hospital. These skills are also very important. And the teenager will have to learn them. Providing first aid is an integral part of his duties.
Report to the project:
In any city, village or village, in factories and factories, in shopping centers and theaters, in multi-story skyscrapers and small houses, fires sometimes occur. None of us are immune from this disaster. And often it is simply impossible to put out a fire on your own. Moreover, the fire often starts at night or when no one is at home. And then firefighters rush to the rescue.
At any time of the day or night, in any weather, service employees rush to where the flames are consuming another house, where the fire threatens the lives of ordinary people.
And firefighters bravely enter into battle with the fiery elements, risking their own lives for our safety.
This is a noble and courageous profession.
Story:
The State Fire Rescue Service in Russia was created in 1991. It was created on the basis of the fire department of the USSR, but the history of its origin is lost in the mists of time.
In ancient times, people in villages and cities worked together to put out emerging fires, but their efforts were not coordinated. They did not have modern technical means to combat the fire element, and entire cities often burned out.
The phrase has long been heard that Moscow burned down from a penny candle.
And to this day, many employees die in the fiery elements in order to save ours at the cost of their lives.
Firefighter profession:
People of this specialty are engaged not only in extinguishing, but also carry out measures designed to prevent fires from occurring.
The fire rescue service is also involved in extinguishing forest fires, often together with the forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Her responsibilities include evacuating people and material assets from the fire.
A firefighter is a courageous and disciplined person, open and always ready to help. This is a real protector, a person you can rely on, he will not let you down when trouble comes knocking at your house.
I am proud of our valiant defenders and dream of being at least a little like them.
Transport:
Firefighters are now armed with modern cars, helicopters, airplanes and other technical equipment, even special robots for extinguishing fires, but this has made fighting fire no less dangerous.
Holidays:
Russian firefighters celebrate their professional holiday annually on April 30.
It was on this day in 1649 that Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich established special patrols and it is considered the birthday of the state fire and rescue service.
Conclusion:
The work of the fire department is very important. It protects our lives and property from fires. We are proud of these courageous people and know that at any hour of the day or night they will always come to the rescue.
Combat equipment
Firefighter clothing is made not from ordinary fabric, but from a special one. It does not burn in fire and heats up little. This fabric is called aramid; its fibers include semi-linen and vinyl leatherette (or dermantine) impregnated with special agents. Clothing materials vary depending on the severity of the fire.
The kit includes:
- protective jacket;
- overalls;
- comfortable and durable boots;
- cotton jacket and pants;
- protective gloves;
- heat-reflective metal suit;
- heat-reflecting mask with respirator;
- gas mask with cover;
- helmets made of metal and plastic;
- mask with cape.
Thanks to this equipment, firefighters don’t mind heat and fire!
You know kids, firefighter equipment is very important! With it you can break through obstacles, get into a building through a window, and so on.
Items that ensure breathing in a smoky room are required at every departure: respirators, gas masks and filters.
They are attached to a special belt and stored in cases. To illuminate the road in dark rooms, every firefighter must have a flashlight.
Fire fighters carry a lot of equipment to overcome various obstacles. Brave rescuers use fire axes to cut through collapsed beams and boards; for convenience, this tool is attached to the belt. Fire ropes and rope ladders, holsters and carabiners allow you to climb into hard-to-reach places and pull out people, animals and things.
Sometimes electrical appliances and wires become the cause of fire. To eliminate the fire in this case, you must first turn off the power to the problem. Extinguishing electrical appliances that are turned on with water is dangerous to life!
For such situations, firefighters have special dielectric gloves and boots, mats and scissors in their arsenal.
For emergency evacuations, rescuers use various manual ladders: a stick ladder, a mechanical sliding ladder, an assault ladder. They allow you to rescue people from high floors.
