Health-saving technologies in the educational process

Health-saving technologies in the educational process

Today, the demographic situation in the country has become the subject of attention of the state and the health of children and adolescents - the new generation of Russians - has become interested at the highest level. In this regard, serious attention is paid to the formation of a healthy lifestyle for young people . Strengthening the health of young people is not periodic events, but systematic work associated with the use of health-saving technologies.

The technological basis of health-saving pedagogy is health-saving educational technologies .

The concept of “educational technologies” combines all areas of activity of an educational institution to form, preserve and strengthen the health of students.

— Health- saving educational technologies are all those psychological and pedagogical technologies, programs, methods that are aimed at nurturing in students a culture of health, personal qualities that contribute to its preservation and strengthening, the formation of an idea of ​​health as a value, motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle (H .K.Smirnov). This is facilitated by learning conditions (lack of stress, adequacy of requirements, adequacy of teaching and upbringing methods), rational organization of the educational process (in accordance with age, gender, individual characteristics and hygienic requirements), compliance of educational and physical activity with the age capabilities of the child, necessary, sufficient and rational organized motor mode.

— Health-saving educational technologies can be considered both as the technological basis of health-saving pedagogy, and as a set of techniques, forms and methods for organizing student learning, without compromising their health, and as a qualitative characteristic of any educational technology based on the criterion of its impact on the health of students and teachers.

The goal of health-saving pedagogy is to provide the student with a high level of real health, equipping him with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, and cultivating in him a culture of health.

A systematic approach to the implementation of health-saving technologies in a general education institution presupposes two important conditions for solving these problems in order to achieve the goal that unites them: preserving and strengthening the health of students .

A teacher who is ready to use health-saving educational technologies in his work, at the first stage, is faced with the task of promoting the formation of a health-saving educational environment in his educational institution as an effective interaction between all members of the teaching staff, students and their parents to create conditions and implement programs aimed at preserving, developing and health promotion.

Based on organizational features, health-saving techniques and methods used in educational institutions can be divided into providing and reconstructing.

The former provide the necessary conditions for conducting the educational process and are for the most part regulated in SanPiNaKh.

The latter are aimed at introducing new elements and conditions not provided for by regulatory documents. For example, organizing a herbal bar, a physiotherapy room, color lighting in classrooms, audio accompaniment of lessons, health and psychological training for students and teachers, etc.

Pedagogical (psychological-pedagogical) technologies include all aspects of the teacher’s influence on the student’s health - at the informational, psychological and bioenergetic levels.

A special place is occupied by another group of technologies that have recently been increasingly included in extracurricular school activities .

3health-saving educational technologies (HSET) are divided into three subgroups:

— organizational and pedagogical technologies (OPT) , which determine the structure of the educational process, partially regulated in SanPiNs, helping to prevent the state of overwork, physical inactivity and other disaptational states;

— psychological and pedagogical technologies (PPT) associated with the direct work of a teacher or lecturer in a lesson, lecture, seminar. This also includes psychological and pedagogical support for all elements of the educational process. This type also includes psychological technologies for the prevention and psychocorrection of mental disorders of personal and intellectual development, prevention and correction of deviant behavior.

— educational and educational technologies (ET) , which include programs for teaching competent care of one’s health and creating a culture of health among students, motivating them to lead a healthy lifestyle, preventing bad habits, also providing for organizational and educational work with schoolchildren after school, education their parents.

A special place is occupied by two more groups of technologies, traditionally implemented outside of school, but recently increasingly included in the extracurricular activities of schools:

— socially adaptive and personal development technologies (SALDT) include technologies that ensure the formation and strengthening of the psychological health of students, increasing the resources of psychological adaptation of the individual. This includes a variety of social and psychological trainings, social and family pedagogy programs, in which it is advisable to involve not only schoolchildren, but also their parents, as well as teachers;

— therapeutic and health technologies (THT) constitute independent medical and pedagogical areas of knowledge: therapeutic pedagogy and physical therapy, the impact of which ensures the restoration of the physical health of schoolchildren.

In the education system, three possible levels of solving problems regarding the implementation of health-saving technologies can be distinguished.

1) The district or city level, which unites several schools and other educational institutions, involves making competent strategic decisions and, in accordance with this, financing directions and work programs. There is a need for serious scientific support for the development and implementation of adopted programs, taking into account the health status of children, students, and the entire population living in a given territory. Responsible persons at this level are the head of the education department and his deputies.

2) Level of school (or other educational institution). Choosing a path begins with setting goals, determining the place of health problems among the school’s tasks, simply paying more attention to these issues, actively introducing health-saving technologies into the school’s work, transitioning to the status of a “health school,” etc. Although the school director is personally responsible for everything that happens, such decisions are made jointly with the School Council, the parent committee, and the teaching staff. Scientific support based on data on the health status of schoolchildren is also needed.

At the school level, the following tasks are solved using health-saving technologies:

— creation of optimal hygienic, environmental and other conditions for the educational process;

— ensuring the organization of the educational process , preventing the formation of maladaptive states in students: overwork, physical inactivity, distress, etc.;

— providing schoolchildren with food during their stay at school that promotes the normal functioning of the digestive system and metabolism in accordance with modern medical and hygienic requirements; - inclusion in the school curriculum of all classes of classes that allow purposefully preparing students for activities to preserve and strengthen their health a culture of health in them , and instilling a desire to lead a healthy lifestyle :

— ensuring training (advanced training, retraining) of the entire teaching staff on health issues, preparing all teachers and specialists for the introduction of health-saving educational technologies into school work;

— ensuring the health of teachers and creating conditions that allow them to competently improve their health;

— monitoring the health status of students ;

— carrying out thematic work with students’ parents aimed at creating health-preserving conditions in their families, a healthy lifestyle, and preventing bad habits.

3) Class level provided by work in the lesson. The impact of the school on the health of students ultimately depends on how well the work of each teacher meets the objectives of health conservation. Organizing teacher training in such technologies is the task of management; using them in your work, tracking results, is the task of every teacher.

Health-saving pedagogical technologiesmethodological development

Health-saving pedagogical technologies

This concept remains controversial; different authors have different interpretations of the concept of “health-saving pedagogical technologies”. The founder of the introduction of the concept of “health-saving educational technologies” into the practice of education is N.K. Smirnov, who argues that health-saving educational technologies can be considered as the technological basis of health-saving pedagogy, as a set of forms and methods of organizing the education of children without compromising their health, as qualitative characteristics of any educational technology based on the criterion of its impact on the health of the child and the teacher. The author writes that, as an adjective, the concept “health-saving” refers to a qualitative characteristic of any educational technology, showing to what extent the implementation of this technology solves the problem of preserving the health of the main subjects of the educational process - children and teachers; Health-saving technology can be considered as a “health safety certificate” and as a set of those principles, techniques, methods of pedagogical work that complement traditional technologies with health-saving tasks.

Health-saving pedagogical technologies include all aspects of the teacher’s influence on the child’s health at different levels - informational, psychological, bioenergetic.

1. organizational and pedagogical (determining the structure of the educational process, partially regulated in SanPiN, helping to prevent states of overfatigue, physical inactivity and other maladaptive states);

2. psychological and pedagogical (related to the impact that the teacher has on children; with psychological and pedagogical support of all elements of the educational process);

3. educational (including programs to teach how to take care of your health and create a culture of health, motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle, and prevent bad habits);

4. socially adapting and personal development (ensuring the formation and strengthening of the psychological adaptation of the individual);

5. therapeutic and recreational (therapeutic physical education and therapeutic pedagogy).

Any pedagogical technology must be health-saving; any influence on a preschool child must be based on the principle of health-saving. Health-saving technologies used in the practice of preschool education are technologies aimed at preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of the subjects of the educational process in preschool educational institutions: children, their parents and teachers. The goals of health-saving technologies in relation to a child are to ensure a high level of real health of the child and the formation of motivational attitudes towards a conscious attitude towards one’s health; in relation to adults - promoting the establishment of a culture of health, including a culture of professional health. Also, health-saving technologies are a system of measures that include the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of a child at all stages of his learning and development. The goal of health-saving technologies is to provide the child with the opportunity to maintain health, to develop in him the necessary knowledge, skills and habits for a healthy lifestyle.

In modern conditions, human development is impossible without building a system for the formation of his health. The choice of health-saving pedagogical technologies depends on the type of preschool institution, the length of stay of children in it, the program under which teachers work, the specific conditions of the preschool educational institution, the professional competence of the teacher, as well as children’s health indicators.

1 medical and preventive (ensuring the preservation and enhancement of children’s health under the guidance of medical personnel in accordance with medical requirements and standards, using medical supplies - technologies for organizing monitoring of the health of preschool children, monitoring children’s nutrition, preventive measures, a health-preserving environment in preschool educational institutions);

2. physical education and health (aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child’s health - technologies for the development of physical qualities, hardening, breathing exercises, etc.);

3. educational (nurturing a culture of health in preschool children, person-centered education and training);

4. ensuring the socio-psychological well-being of the child (ensuring the mental and social health of the child and aimed at ensuring the emotional comfort and positive psychological well-being of the child in the process of communicating with peers and adults in kindergarten and family; technologies for psychological and pedagogical support of the child’s development in the pedagogical process of the preschool educational institution );

5. health conservation and health enrichment for teachers (aimed at developing a culture of health for teachers, including a culture of professional health, and developing the need for a healthy lifestyle); maintaining and stimulating health (technology of using outdoor and sports games, gymnastics (for the eyes, breathing, etc.), stretching, rhythmoplasty, dynamic pauses, relaxation);

6. teaching a healthy lifestyle (technologies for using physical education classes, communicative games, a system of classes from the “Health Lessons” series, problem-based games (game training, game therapy), self-massage); correctional (art therapy, music technology, fairy tale therapy, psycho-gymnastics, etc.)

7. Health-saving pedagogical technologies include the pedagogical technology of an active sensory-developmental environment, which is understood as a systemic set and order of functioning of all personal instrumental and methodological means used to achieve pedagogical goals. The essence of this technology lies not so much in modeling the educational space within the framework of an active sensory-developmental environment, but in the system of relationships between the teacher and children: the core of an active sensory-developmental environment is not a system of sensory didactics, nor a complex of working modes, but rather a system of subject-subject relations between teacher and student.

And it is this system that acts as the condition, means and result of the child’s formation as a subject of further development.

1. use of a desktop desk (working in the mode of changing dynamic poses), a landscape panel (situational-figurative modeling),

2. ophthalmic simulators (performing visual training),

3. visual material on a sensory-didactic suspension,

4. sensory-didactic holder (switching children’s vision from near to distant targets), etc.

Let's look at each of them.

• The secret of kindness is to give kindness to children, so that they themselves begin to give kindness to others.
• The secret of success (in business and in life in general) is the desire and willingness to give joy to yourself and others, in order to be able to always find reasons for joy, no matter how difficult life is.
• The secret to the effectiveness of efforts to create a health-preserving space is the professionalism of all teachers working in an educational institution.
• The secret of effectiveness is the purposeful cultivation of a culture of children’s health, the ability and ability to take care of their own health.
• The secret to ensuring that what is created corresponds to what was planned is objective tracking of the results obtained
• The secret of manufacturability is the creation of a working technology from the sum of disparate programs, techniques, and techniques is possible only if there is a unity of goals, objectives, principles and methodologies.
• The secret of truth is an intuitive feeling of the consistency of what is being done.

You can also define the basic principles (ideas) of health-saving technologies:

1. humanization - the priority of the personal, individual development of the child in the organization of the pedagogical process of the preschool educational institution;

2. taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the child - the use of primary diagnostics of healthy children, taking into account its results and the main neoplasms! age during the organization of a health-saving pedagogical process;

3. taking into account and developing the subjective qualities and properties of the child - observing in the organization of the pedagogical process the interests and focus of the child on specific types of activities, maintaining his activity, independence, initiative;

4. subject-subject interaction in the pedagogical process - freedom of expression and behavior in different forms of organization of the pedagogical process; during such interaction, the child can choose types of children's activities in which he could realize his maximum potential;

5. pedagogical support - solving a difficult situation together with the child using methods and techniques acceptable for a particular child, the main criterion for the implementation of this principle is the child’s satisfaction with the activity itself and its results, relieving emotional tension;

6. professional cooperation and co-creation - professional interaction between educators and specialists in the process of organizing a health-saving pedagogical process.

Health-saving technologies

Modern health-saving technologies