Health saving technologies used in preschools for teachers

The essence of health-saving technologies

Health-saving technologies are one of the types of modern innovative technologies that are aimed at preserving and improving the health of all participants in the educational process in preschool educational institutions.

The use of such technologies has a two-way focus:

formation of the foundations of valeological culture among preschoolers, i.e. teach them to take care of their health independently;
organization of the educational process in kindergarten without negative impact on children's health.

Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions according to the Federal State Educational Standard are perfectly combined with traditional forms and methods in pedagogy, complementing them with various ways of implementing health-improving work.

The use of such technologies solves a number of problems:

laying the foundation for good physical health;
increasing the level of mental and social health of pupils;
carrying out preventive health work;
familiarizing preschoolers with the principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
motivating children to lead a healthy lifestyle;
formation of useful habits;
formation of valeological skills;
formation of a conscious need for regular physical education;
fostering a value-based attitude towards one’s health.

To ensure an integrated approach to protecting and improving the health of pupils, required by the Federal State Educational Standard, preschool educational institutions use various types of modern health-saving technologies:

medical and preventive (conducting medical examinations, monitoring the health of children, anti-epidemiological work, organizing specialized correctional groups, preventing many diseases, sanitary and hygienic work, quality control of catering, etc.);
physical education and health (conducting outdoor games, sporting events, valeology classes, hardening procedures, organizing walks, etc.)
valeological education of parents (motivating parents to lead a healthy lifestyle, teaching parents how to interact with children to form a valeological culture in them);
valeological education of teachers (familiarization of educators with innovative health-saving technologies and methods of their implementation, motivation for a healthy lifestyle, expanding knowledge about the age and psychological characteristics of preschoolers);
health-saving education for children (formation of valeological knowledge and skills).

Only by implementing all of these types of health-saving technologies can we achieve close interaction between the main factors influencing the health of preschool children.

Card index of health-saving technologies

There are many effective varieties of modern health-saving technologies that should be in the kindergarten teacher’s file cabinet.

Physical education minutes

One of the simplest and most common types of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions is physical education minutes. They are also called dynamic pauses. These are short-term breaks in intellectual or practical activity, during which children perform simple physical exercises.

The purpose of such physical education minutes is to:

changing the type of activity;
preventing fatigue;
relieving muscle, nervous and brain tension;
activation of blood circulation;
activation of thinking;
increasing children's interest in the course of the lesson;
creating a positive emotional background.

Carrying out dynamic pauses has some peculiarities. They are designed to be performed in limited space (near a desk or table, in the center of the room, etc.). Most physical education sessions are accompanied by a poetic text or performed to music.

Such dynamic pauses last 1-2 minutes. All children are involved in physical education activities. This does not require sportswear or equipment. The time for the exercise is chosen arbitrarily depending on the degree of fatigue of the children. A physical education session may include individual elements of other health-saving technologies.

Breathing exercises

A study of the work experience of many preschool teachers shows that breathing exercises are among the most popular types of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions. It is a system of breathing exercises that are part of a complex of correctional work to strengthen the general health of the child.

Using breathing exercises helps:

improve the functioning of internal organs;
activate cerebral circulation, increase oxygen saturation of the body;
train the breathing apparatus;
prevent respiratory diseases;
increase the body's defense mechanisms;
restore peace of mind, calm down;
develop speech breathing.

During breathing exercises, the following rules must be observed. It is recommended to carry it out in a well-ventilated room and before eating. Such exercises should be daily and last 3-6 minutes. To perform breathing exercises, you do not need any special clothing, but you need to make sure that it does not restrict the child’s movements.

During the exercises, you need to pay special attention to the nature of your inhalations and exhalations. Children should be taught to inhale through the nose (inhalations should be short and light) and exhale through the mouth (exhalation should be long). Breathing exercises also include breath-holding exercises. It is important that children do not tense their body muscles or move their shoulders when performing exercises to develop speech breathing.

Finger gymnastics

Finger gymnastics is a type of health-saving technology that is used not only to develop fine motor skills of the hands (which is important for preparing a child for drawing, modeling and writing), but also to solve problems with speech development in children.

In addition, such gymnastics promotes the development of:

tactile sensations;
coordination of movements of fingers and hands;
creative abilities of preschool children.

Finger gymnastics is carried out in the form of staging poetic texts using the fingers. This is almost the first type of gymnastics that can be performed with children. During finger gymnastics, children make active and passive movements with their fingers.

The following types of exercises are used:

massage;
actions with objects or materials;
finger games.

It is recommended to do finger exercises daily. During its implementation, you need to ensure that the load on both hands is the same. In addition, it is necessary to remember that each session of finger gymnastics should end with relaxation exercises. Such classes can be carried out collectively, in groups or individually with each child.

Gymnastics for the eyes

Also, health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions include eye gymnastics. It involves conducting a system of exercises aimed at correcting and preventing visual impairment.

Eye exercises are necessary for:

relieve tension;
fatigue prevention;
eye muscle training;
strengthening the ocular apparatus.

To perform such gymnastics, 2-4 minutes are enough. The main rule of this gymnastics is that only the eyes should move, and the head remains motionless (except for cases where head tilts are provided). All exercises must be done standing.

Usually the teacher shows a sample of each action, and the children repeat after him. Often such gymnastics has poetic accompaniment. It may include exercises with objects, special tables or ICT.

Psycho-gymnastics

Psycho-gymnastics refers to innovative health-saving technologies that are used in kindergarten to develop the emotional sphere of the child and strengthen his mental health.

The purpose of psychogymnastics is the following:

conducting psychophysical relaxation;
development of cognitive mental processes;
normalization of the condition in children with neuroses or neuropsychic disorders;
correction of deviations in behavior or character.

Psychogysnastics is a course of 20 special classes, which are conducted in a playful way. They are organized twice a week and last from 25 to 90 minutes.

Each lesson consists of four stages that involve acting out:

sketches using facial expressions and pantomime;
sketches to depict emotions or character traits;
sketches with a psychotherapeutic orientation.

The session ends with psychomuscular training. During the lesson, there is a “minute of mischief”, when children can perform any actions they want.

Rhythmoplasty

Rhythmoplasty is an innovative method of working with children, which is based on them performing special plastic movements that have a healing nature to the music.

The purpose of rhythmoplasty:

replenishment of “motor deficit”;
development of the motor sphere of children;
strengthening the muscle corset;
improvement of cognitive processes;
formation of aesthetic concepts.

Rhythmoplasty is organized in the form of special music classes. Physical exercises should be performed at a slow pace with a wide amplitude. These classes should be done twice a week for 30 minutes each. It is recommended to do rhythmoplasty no earlier than half an hour after eating.

Play therapy

The Federal State Educational Standard states that the leading activity for preschoolers is play. Therefore, play therapy should be a mandatory type of health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions.

This technology involves involving children in participating in a variety of games, during which they will have the opportunity to:

show emotions, experiences, imagination;
express yourself;
relieve psycho-emotional stress;
get rid of fears;
become more confident in yourself.

Play therapy is considered an excellent tool for combating childhood neuroses.

Forms of organizing health-saving work

Rozeta Shogenova

Forms of organizing health-saving work

“Taking care of health is the most important job of a teacher. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the cheerfulness and vigor of children.”

V. A. Sukhomlinsky

The main goal of modern educational policy in the field of preschool education is to realize the right of every child to high-quality and accessible education, providing equal standard conditions for the full physical and mental development of children as the basis for their successful learning at school.

In this regard, a lot of work is being done in preschool educational institutions to improve the health of children.

Currently, one of the main tasks facing our preschool institution is to preserve the health of children in the process of education and training.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle should begin in kindergarten. The goal of health work in preschools is to create sustainable motivation and the need to preserve one’s own health and the health of others.

There are various forms and types of activities aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of pupils. The complex of these measures has now received the general name “health-saving technologies” - this is a system of measures that includes the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of the child at all stages of his learning and development.

In my work with children, I use the following health-saving technologies for preserving and promoting health: dynamic pauses - in all classes; outdoor games; relaxation; finger gymnastics; gymnastics for the eyes; breathing exercises, fairy tale therapy, acupressure self-massage, as well as technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle: classes from the “Health” series - once a month.

Physical education classes are held 3 times a week. They are aimed at teaching motor skills and abilities. Regular physical exercise strengthens the body and improves immunity.

I try to structure physical education classes in a playful way, which increases interest in the classes.

I would like to share my experience of conducting morning exercises of a playful nature. Gymnastics will be much more effective if it is accompanied by music that affects children’s emotions, puts them in a good mood and the children really enjoy it. In the complexes I include breathing exercises, eye exercises, finger exercises, etc.

dynamic breaks during classes for 2-5 minutes as the children get tired. In dynamic pauses, I include elements of eye gymnastics, breathing exercises, and finger exercises, depending on the type of activity using music. Children enjoy doing these exercises.

Being on the move, especially for preschool children, is an urgent need due to age-related anatomical features. This desire of children to move is best used in outdoor games, regulating the load on the body.

Active games have a beneficial effect on the child’s entire body, not only strengthening and developing the motor system, but also influencing the formation of the child’s personality, contributing to his mental development.

Therefore, I use outdoor games both in mathematics classes: and in educational classes, where, for example, we go on trips on a train set to music, etc.

A mandatory health-improving aspect of work is a walk. Optimizing the motor activity of children during a walk is facilitated by correctly selected and competently alternated games and exercises, which give children a lot of joyful emotions and develop their dexterity, endurance, and coordination of movements. During the walk, outdoor and sports games and relay races are held, which are selected in accordance with the age of the child, the place and time of the walk.

All children love finger gymnastics.

I often include it in dynamic breaks during art classes, appliqué, and manual labor. It is very good to use finger exercises in mathematics and cognitive development classes. , has a positive effect on well-being and improves brain function. In this direction, I use a lot of audio recordings with music and tasks, and I also use ICT.

The purpose of breathing exercises is to teach children to breathe through their nose and prepare them for more complex breathing exercises. At the same time, respiratory tract diseases are prevented. Our group has a file of breathing exercises.

Gymnastics for the eyes – strengthens the eye muscles and helps prevent myopia. I use elements of eye gymnastics during dynamic pauses during art and appliqué classes.

Children's mental health requires a balance of positive and negative emotions to maintain mental balance and life-affirming behavior. To this end, in my work I use exercises to relax certain parts of the body and the whole organism. Calm classical music and sounds of nature are used for work. Children really like doing such exercises, because they have an element of play. Also, children relax very well when they sleep with this kind of music.

Invigorating gymnastics is carried out daily after a nap for 5-10 minutes. Its complex includes exercises on beds for awakening, exercises for correcting flat feet, for which we use a healing path that we made ourselves.

Self-massage is a very effective health-preserving technology. It improves blood circulation, helps normalize the functioning of internal organs, and improve posture. It contributes not only to the physical strengthening of a person, but also to the improvement of his psyche. We conduct self-massage in a playful way in the form of a five-minute lesson or in the form of a dynamic pause during classes. Funny poems, vivid images depicting massage movements, their simplicity, accessibility, and the ability to use in various settings make it accessible and interesting for a child.

Fairytale therapy – used for psychotherapeutic and developmental work. The story can be told by an adult, or it can be a group story. We not only read fairy tales, but also discuss them with children. Through a fairy tale, you can learn about children’s experiences that they themselves are not really aware of, or are embarrassed to discuss with adults. For this, we also use audio recordings where the brownie tells fairy tales.

Once a month we conduct classes from the “health” series.

For example, “Parts of the body,” “Cleanliness is the key to health,” etc.

We have a card index

on all health-saving technologies.

We can say with confidence that not a single, even the best physical education and health program can give full results if it is not implemented in collaboration with the family.

At the beginning of the year, we conducted a survey on the topic “Is your child healthy?”

Based on the results of the survey, we developed a long-term plan for working with parents to improve the health of children using modern health-saving technologies.

In the process of organizing a single health-preserving space for kindergartens and families, we use various forms of work: open classes with children for parents; pedagogical conversations at parent meetings; consultations; Open days; survey. We also have a special health corner in our group, where we advise parents on children’s health issues.

We involve parents in preparing and holding sports events and entertainment. We recently held an ICT-based sports activity where dads took an active part.

In March we are planning to hold a workshop for parents on the topic: “If you want to be healthy...” using ICT.

The use of health-saving pedagogical technologies in the work of preschool educational institutions will increase the effectiveness of the teaching and educational process and will form value orientations among teachers and parents aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of students.