Already at an early age, children need to develop the correct attitude towards traffic rules, since they are the norm of behavior of every modern person. In preschool educational institutions, children are given the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities regarding how to cross the road, behave on the street and in public transport. The life and health of the child will depend on the degree of assimilation and implementation of traffic rules.
In the first place in the entire process of teaching children are gaming technologies, with the help of which it is possible to organize various types of children's activities and maintain the constant interest of preschoolers in learning traffic rules. The ability to play is a mandatory indicator of the culture of both an individual and society as a whole.
Games on traffic rules in kindergarten
Goals and objectives of traffic rules games for preschool children
The main goal of organizing lessons on learning the rules of the road is for the little ones to acquire theoretical knowledge, and in their heads to develop stable practical skills on how to protect themselves on the street and on the road.
In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement a system of training, development and educational tasks. Educational tasks are represented by broadening one's horizons on issues of safe behavior on the road, studying traffic rules for pedestrians and passengers, mastering the terms and concepts that are used in road traffic and contribute to the successful acquisition of the basics of safe behavior in the future. As for educational tasks, they are as follows:
- formation of a road traffic member culture;
- fostering a negative attitude towards everyone who violates norms of behavior and traffic rules.
Note! Developmental tasks mean the development of independence and the ability to organize one’s activities while driving in such a way that it is rational. Also, during developmental activities, the child develops logical and spatial thinking, imagination and memory.
Game form of lessons on traffic rules in younger groups
It is recommended to start a lesson with the youngest preschool children (1.5-2 years) on the topic of road transport concepts with a walk down the street. The teacher must show the tiny pedestrians the sidewalk, the roadway and must tell them about their purpose (it is not necessary to go beyond the preschool). Children will become familiar with concepts such as passenger, driver and pedestrian, while simultaneously observing how vehicles move on the road. As a visual aid, consider a car that delivers food to the kitchen every day and discuss how this road is constructed.
Learning the rules with children outside
During group lessons, experts recommend resorting to the technique of modeling different road situations as often as possible. The teacher should encourage pupils to play with toy cars, pronounce each action out loud and encourage preschoolers to do this (for example, the vehicle reduced speed, reversed or turned right).
Game form of classes in middle groups
In the middle group of kindergarten, all traffic rules games for preschoolers are aimed at learning and practicing traffic rules. The didactic game method is mainly used here. The mandatory points of this method are:
- rules;
- clear and consistent game actions;
- a precisely defined result.
Important! The educational form of classes is presented in 2 types: focusing on the content of game actions or on the props with the help of which the storyline of the game is built.
Game form of classes in senior groups of preschool educational institutions
As a basis for lessons on traffic rules in older groups of kindergarten, personal social skills of interaction with the outside world are used, and behavior patterns are also copied on toys or peers who also participate in the game. For example, in the game “Bus” in the senior group, students must take turns entering the “transport”, then buy tickets from the conductor and ask the driver to stop at one stop or another.
GCD for drawing on the topic “Vase with flowers” in preparatory groups
Game form of classes in preparatory groups
With children 6-7 years old who go to the preparatory group, you can already play theatrical games, implemented in two forms. As a rule, teachers use dramatization, that is, the participants in the game become “artists” who play roles according to the script. You can also resort to director's play, where children direct the movements and actions of characters - dolls.
An example of a doll for traffic rules classes
Types of games based on traffic rules
Since gameplay is the leading activity for preschoolers, with its help children quickly learn what can be done on the road and what actions are prohibited. For this reason, lessons on studying traffic rules are included in programs according to which the educational process is implemented in preschool institutions.
Outdoor games in the senior group according to traffic rules
In the process of active gameplay, children develop skills to act in conditions that are constantly changing, and to instantly respond to unexpected situations. Outdoor lessons develop the following motor skills in toddlers:
- determination of distance (far - close);
- speed (fast - slow);
- dimensions (more - less);
- visibility (whether the car is obscured).
The child must coordinate his actions with the movements of surrounding people and record the movements of objects.
Didactic games in the senior group on traffic rules
In order to conduct lessons on learning the rules of the road, you must, of course, stock up on visual material in advance. The props can be represented by the main signs with which traffic is regulated, images of a traffic controller, a street map with pedestrian crossings and buildings. In the process, children learn signs and rules of behavior.
Role-playing
With the help of role-playing lessons, the preschooler engages in free improvisation and forms a model of social relationships, acting out various situations. Role-playing entertainment always involves playing “something” or “someone,” and their distinctive characteristic is the presence of a script and roles.
Note! You can play with children on the territory of a children's automobile playground, which must be in a kindergarten, or in a room with special layouts and a magnetic board.
Interactive
The use of various multimedia tools has become almost the most important innovation in the work of kindergarten teachers. Methodological tools and techniques of educators were diluted with information and communication technologies, which made it possible to make lessons for children more exciting and memorable. Today, the method of interactive games is popular, relevant and effective, and teachers quite often use presentations to study traffic rules.
Puzzles, dominoes, board games
With the help of the unusual “Road” domino, the child will always be able to apply all the knowledge he has acquired about road signs in practice, as well as study traffic lights and road markings. Participants in the entertainment must work together to build their own road, correctly connecting the cards to each other.
Domino "Road"
Note! To study the most common traffic signs, experts recommend using a children's plastic lotto “Traffic Signs”, on the chips of which signs are drawn, and their decoding is written on the cards.
Fiction and its reading in preparatory groups of preschool educational institutions
Card index of traffic rules games for the senior group
Game "Trams"
To play the game, you will need one hoop for each team and one stand. Participants in each team are divided into pairs: the first is the driver, the second is the passenger. The passenger is in the hoop. The participants’ task is to run around the stand as quickly as possible and pass the hoop to the next pair of participants. The team that completes the task first wins.
Game "Traffic Lights"
The traffic light is red!
The path is dangerous - there is no passage!
And if the yellow light is on, he says “get ready.”
The green light flashed ahead - the path is clear - cross.
In the game, all children are “pedestrians.” When the traffic controller shows a yellow light at the traffic light, then all the students line up and prepare to move; when the green light turns on, you can walk, run, jump around the entire hall; when the light is red, everyone freezes in place. Whoever makes a mistake is eliminated from the game.
When crossing the street, follow the traffic lights.
Game "Bus"
“Buses” are teams of children “driver” and “passengers”. Flags are placed 6-7 m from each team. On the command “March!” The first players quickly walk (it is forbidden to run) to their flags, go around them and return to the columns, where they are joined by the second players, and together they again go the same way, etc. The players hold each other’s elbows. When the bus (front player - “driver”) returns to its place with a full complement of passengers, it must sound a whistle. The team that arrives at the final stop first wins.
Game "Trucks"
To play the game you will need rudders, sandbags for each team and two stands. The first team members hold the steering wheel in their hands, and a bag of sand is placed on their heads - a weight. After the start, participants run around their stand and pass the steering wheel and weight to the next participant. The first team to complete the task without dropping the load wins.
Game "Funny Tram"
We are cheerful trams,
We don't jump like bunnies
We ride on the rails together.
Hey, come sit with us if you want!
Children are divided into two teams. One team - trams. The tram driver holds a hoop in his hands. The second team is passengers, they take their places at the bus stop. Each tram can carry only one passenger, who takes his place in the hoop. The final stop is on the opposite side of the hall.
Game – attraction “Attention, pedestrian”
To play this game you need three wands, painted in three colors of traffic lights. The traffic controller, a senior student, shows the guys lined up in front of him alternately one of three rods. Participants in the game take a step back when they see a red rod, stand when they see a yellow one, and two steps forward when they see a green one. The traffic controller fines the one who makes a mistake and deprives him of the right to participate in the game. The winner is the one who never makes a mistake. The winner is awarded a badge, postcard, book, etc.
How to make a traffic rules game with your own hands
You can make a game for learning the rules of the road with your own hands, without making any special efforts. An example of self-production can be seen in the tabletop entertainment called “What First, What Then.”
First you need to build playing fields from white A4 cardboard, which should be cut lengthwise into two halves. Each half must be divided into three parts and numbered from 1 to 3 (six playing fields will be enough). Using a computer online, you should find an image of a situation on the road that requires performing certain actions in accordance with the road sign.
At the final stage of production, in the Paint computer program, you need to draw a game character (Dunno, Little Red Riding Hood or any other) on the picture. By placing the character in different parts of the image, an algorithm of action on the road is obtained.
The preschooler's task is to place the pictures in the correct sequence.
Note! During the lesson, the future road user simulates the situation and determines the required algorithm of actions, writing everything down in a notebook.
Card index of games on traffic rules for preschoolers with goals
The traffic rules card file in the middle group according to Federal State Educational Standards (federal state educational standards) with goals includes such entertainment as “Guess what sign?”, “Drivers” and “On the Road”.
"Guess what sign"
The purpose of the “Guess Which Sign” lesson is for children to consolidate their knowledge of traffic rules and independently use them in everyday life. The gameplay is represented by cubes with directional, warning and prohibition signs stuck on them in a checkerboard pattern.
Traffic rules in the second junior group - a card index with goals
The teacher should take turns inviting the children to the table where the cubes are laid out. The student takes a cube, names the sign and goes to the group of children who already have symbols of this variety.
"Drivers"
In the process of educational entertainment "Drivers", the little ones also learn the rules, but in addition to this, they also develop thinking and spatial orientation. To conduct a lesson, you need to stock up on playing fields, toy cars and other toys. The teacher prepares 3-4 options for playing fields in advance, each of which is represented by a picture with signs. This is necessary to change the traffic situation.
For example, a kid becomes a car driver, and he needs to take the fox to the store, get gas and repair the car. The image of the vehicle represents the garage where the little one left and where he must return. The child needs to think and say in what order these points should be visited so that the traffic rules are not violated.
"On the way to"
Thanks to the lesson “On the Road”, students consolidate their knowledge about types of transport, train their memory and attention. To play the game you will need images of cars and trucks, as well as chips. The game is played outdoors, but before starting you need to agree with the children who will collect what type of cars. During the game, the little ones pay attention to the cars, name them and receive chips for each correct answer. Whoever has the most chips at the end is declared the winner.
Note! Based on all of the above, we can conclude that it is easiest for preschoolers to perceive information about traffic rules in a playful way.
Such activities will definitely be effective, because the child will study with great pleasure and interest in the circle of his friends.
Didactic game in the pedagogical process of kindergarten “Studying traffic rules”
Bibliographic description:
Gold, E. A. Didactic game in the pedagogical process of kindergarten “Studying traffic rules” / E. A. Gold. — Text: immediate // Current tasks of pedagogy: materials of the X International. scientific conf. (St. Petersburg, January 2019). - St. Petersburg: Own publishing house, 2022. - pp. 21-26. — URL: https://moluch.ru/conf/ped/archive/320/14713/ (access date: 02/05/2022).
Basic functions of a didactic game. A didactic game is a multifaceted, complex pedagogical phenomenon: it is a gaming method of teaching preschool children, a form of education, an independent gaming activity, and a means of comprehensive education of a child’s personality.
Didactic games as a gaming method of teaching are considered in two types: game-activities and didactic games .
In the first case, the leading role belongs to the teacher, who, to increase children’s interest in the activity, uses a variety of gaming techniques, creates a gaming situation, introduces elements of competition, etc. The use of various components of gaming activity is combined with questions, instructions, explanations, and demonstration. With the help of games-activities, the teacher not only conveys certain knowledge, forms ideas, but also teaches children to play. The basis for children’s games are formulated ideas about the construction of a game plot, about various play actions with objects. It is important that conditions then be created for the transfer of this knowledge and ideas into independent, creative games, the proportion of which in a child’s life should be immeasurably greater than learning to play. Game-activities therefore refer to the direct teaching of children using a variety of play techniques.
A didactic game as a form of teaching children contains two principles: educational (cognitive) and gaming (entertaining). The teacher is both a teacher and a participant in the game. He teaches and plays, and children, while playing, learn.
The didactic game as an independent gaming activity is based on the awareness of this process.
Independent play activity is carried out only if children show interest in the game, its rules and actions, if these rules have been learned by them. How long can a child be interested in a game if its rules and content are well known to him? Children love games that are familiar to them and enjoy playing them. Each such game contains interest in game actions.
The teacher’s task is to ensure that the children play independently, so that they always have such games in stock, so that they themselves can organize them, be not only participants and fans, but also fair judges. The teacher takes care of complicating the games and expanding their variability. If the children's interest in the game wanes, it is necessary to come up with more complex rules together with them.
Independent play activities do not exclude control by an adult. The participation of an adult is indirect: for example, the teacher, like everyone else who plays, participates in the game, rejoices if he wins, that is, he is an equal participant in the game.
When determining the winner, the teacher gives the children the opportunity to evaluate the actions of the players and name the best. But in the presence of a teacher, this stage of the game also takes place in a more organized and clear manner, although he himself does not influence the assessment, but can only, like each participant in the game, express his “for” or “against”. Thus, in games, in addition to the formation of independence and activity of children, an atmosphere of trust is established between children and the teacher, between the children themselves, mutual understanding, an atmosphere based on respect for the child’s personality, attention to his inner world, to the experiences that he experiences during the game. . This is the essence of collaborative pedagogy.
Children can play educational games on their own both in and outside of class. The classes use those didactic games that can be played frontally with all children. They consolidate and systematize knowledge.
But wider scope for developing independence in didactic play is provided to children during the allotted play hours. Here children are independent not only in following rules and actions, but also in choosing a game, a partner, in creating new game options, in choosing a driver.
Didactic games, especially in younger age groups, are considered in preschool pedagogy as a method of teaching children role-playing games: the ability to take on a certain role, follow the rules of the game, and develop its plot.
The use of didactic games in teaching children traffic rules.
The content of didactic games forms in children the correct attitude to the phenomena of social life, to the education of the concepts “I am a pedestrian”, “I am a passenger”, “I am a future driver”, systematize and deepen knowledge about the rules of the road, contribute to the formation of a culture of behavior in children streets.
Many didactic games are aimed at assimilation, clarification, and consolidation of knowledge.
With the help of didactic games, the teacher teaches children to think independently and use the acquired knowledge in various conditions in accordance with the task.
Games develop in children the cognitive processes they need for correct and safe orientation on the street, form practical skills and habits of safe behavior, the idea that the road is potentially dangerous and the child must be disciplined and focused.
Also, didactic games develop children's sensory abilities. The processes of sensation and perception underlie the child’s cognition of the environment.
Through the game, preschoolers are taught road vocabulary and included in independent creative work, which allows them to study and understand the danger and safety of specific actions on the streets and roads in the process of completing tasks. Formation of internal motivation of students, responsible and conscious behavior on the streets and roads, so that they comply with traffic rules not under external pressure, but through knowledge and “feeling” of the need for their strict compliance.
I offer you several didactic games that our kindergarten students enjoy playing.
Rice. 1, 2. Game "Tracks"
Rules of the game: students must connect two paired pictures. The path can be drawn with a marker, or it can be laid out with small objects - sticks, buttons, etc. The main thing is that the lines do not intersect and there are no empty cells.
The game is complicated by the number of cells on the playing field. Can be used individually or with a subgroup of children.
Lotto "Transport"
Goal: to teach children to distinguish and correctly name different types of transport and their purpose; develop attention and memory; cultivate moral qualities: consistency and cooperation.
Rules of the game: students receive one or two playing fields. The presenter (at first the teacher will be the leader, and as the game masters, the child will) must pull out a card with a picture and, without showing it to the players, explain what is drawn on it, come up with a riddle, etc. The child who covers all the cards on his or her own wins. field.
If children find it difficult to write riddles, the teacher can guide them by asking questions. The game can be played by 2–6 people.
Rice. 3. Lotto game “Transport”
"Third wheel"
Goal: to learn to combine objects into a set according to a certain property.
Rules of the game: the teacher places 3-4 cards with pictures of transport in front of the child. One of them is redundant. The child needs to choose an extra item.
Rice. 4. Game "Third Man"
"Think about what's missing"
Rules of the game: the student receives a playing field and a set of cards with the same pictures.
One or more images are missing from the field. The student must understand the pattern of images of modes of transport or road signs and fill in the empty cells with cards with pictures.
The game becomes more complicated by increasing the number of empty cells on the playing field. Can be used individually or with a subgroup of children.
Rice. 5. Game “Think what’s missing”
Game "Paired Pictures"
Goal: the game will help develop memory and consolidate knowledge about types of transport.
Rules of the game: the student needs to collect as many pairs of cards as possible, i.e. two cards with the same picture.
The cards are laid out on the table face down. The youngest player starts the game and moves proceed clockwise. Children take turns turning over two cards so that everyone can see the pictures on them. If the pictures on the cards are the same, then the player takes them. He can continue the game as long as he finds cards with the same pictures. If the pictures on the cards do not match, then the player puts the cards back, pictures down, and the turn passes to the next player sitting on the left.
The player who has the most paired cards at the end of the game wins.
This educational game can also be used individually.
Rice. 6. Game “Paired Pictures”
"Fold the picture"
Goal: to consolidate children’s knowledge of road signs and traffic rules; develop logical thinking, attentiveness; Foster a culture of safe behavior for children on the road and in public places.
Progress of the game: The child receives an envelope with picture puzzles depicting road signs or transport.
At the teacher’s command, children open the envelopes and put together their signs from the pieces (puzzles). After 5-7 minutes the game stops. Whoever collected the most pictures won.
This didactic game can be played individually, without taking into account time. A conversation is held with the child about different types of transport and the meaning of a particular road sign is explained.
Rice. 7. Game “Fold the picture”
To make games interesting for children, you can change the conditions of the games, add new attributes, and use them in all types of activities in kindergarten (in continuous educational activities, independent activities of children, in individual work).
Work to prevent children's road injuries should be carried out systematically and cover all aspects of kindergarten life and all types of work.
Rice. 8. Card index of teaching aids for studying traffic rules
Literature:
- Fundamentals of life safety for preschool children. Work planning. Conversations. Games: St. Petersburg, Publishing House “Childhood-Press”, 2015.
- “Traffic Light” program Teaching preschool children the rules of the road. T. I. Danilova: St. Petersburg, “Childhood-Press”, 2016
Key terms
(automatically generated)
: game, child, didactic game, game rule, picture, teacher, card, kindergarten, independent play activity, traffic.
