Biography of Yuri Gagarin for children
Yuri Gagarin's childhood
Yuri was born on March 9, 1934 in the village of Klushino into a family of wealthy peasants. At the age of 6, the future cosmonaut went to school, but due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, his studies had to be interrupted until 1943.
In 1945, Gagarin's family moved to the city of Gzhatsk. After Yuri finished 6th grade, he decided to move to Moscow. The parents tried to dissuade the young man, but were unable to do so. So, in 1949, 15-year-old Yuri Gagarin moved to the capital. He settled with relatives. He studied at a vocational school, while simultaneously completing the 7th grade program at a school for working youth.
In 1951, the young man moved to Saratov, where he began studying at an industrial technical school.
For children about space and the first cosmonaut
On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, our planet was shocked by the news: “Man in space!”
People's dream of flying into space has come true. But before going into space, humanity went a long way studying it.
Our Earth is a huge ball on which there are seas, rivers, mountains, deserts and forests. And also people live. Our Earth and everything that surrounds it. called the Universe, or space. In addition to our blue planet, there are others, there are 8 of them in total, and there are also stars. Stars are huge balls of light. The sun is also a star. It is located close to the Earth, so we feel its heat. We see other stars only at night, and during the day the Sun eclipses them. To compare the size of the Sun with the size of the Earth, you can take a pumpkin or watermelon and a pea. The pea is our Earth, the pumpkin is the Sun. The Earth is as much smaller than the Sun as a pea is smaller than a pumpkin.
Previously, people did not know anything about space, about the stars and believed that the sky was a cap that covered the Earth, and the stars were attached to it. Ancient people thought that the Earth was motionless, and the Sun and Moon revolved around it. Also in ancient times , people thought that the earth was flat and supported by three huge elephants. Many years later, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proved that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. Newton understood why the planets revolve around the Sun and do not fall. They all fly around the Sun in their own way.
But in theory this is one thing, but I wanted to see it, and scientists began to develop special devices: satellites and rockets. But even after the first rockets were created, it was very dangerous to fly, because no one knew exactly what was hidden in space. And it was decided to send the animals first on the flight. There were dogs, rabbits, mice, even microbes.
Dogs are smarter animals than mice, but not all dogs were suitable for testing. Purebred dogs are very gentle, they were not suitable for space. The dogs were selected by size, trained with them, accustomed to noise and shaking. Ordinary mongrels came closest. In 1960, on August 19, two dogs, Belka and Strelka, were launched into space on the prototype of the Vostok spacecraft. They stayed in space for more than a day and returned safely. So scientists proved that space flight is possible.
Since then, a profession has appeared that did not exist before - astronaut. An astronaut is a person who tests space technology and works in space. Cosmonauts are courageous people, they train a lot, they must know and be able to do a lot in order to control a spaceship.
The first cosmonaut was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. On April 12, 1961, he flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft and circled the Earth in 1 hour and 48 minutes. Came back alive and healthy. For our country and the whole World, Yuri Alekseevich became a hero, all newspapers and magazines wrote about him, they talked about him in all corners of the Earth. Cities, streets, and avenues are named after him. There is a crater on the Moon named after him, as well as a minor planet.
Many years have passed since the first flight, and people have learned to build complex orbital stations that are launched into space and scientists live there for several months, studying space. And on the day of the first flight into space, every year on April 12, we celebrate Cosmonautics Day - a holiday when we congratulate everyone who studies space.
For children about space and the first cosmonaut
The very first
Author: K. Simonov.
Dawn. We don't know anything yet. The usual “Latest News”... And he is already flying through the constellations, the Earth will wake up with his name. “My native country is wide...” The familiar voice of the first call signs, We started our reports with them, And it’s not for nothing that I remember this. Without asking anyone for help, Having itself risen from the ashes of wars and dust, My country, which knows no fear, is now sending its son into space. We remember everything. Nothing is forgotten. But we are for peace. Seriously! For all! Forever! And, launched into a peaceful orbit, our man goes into battle with nature. Excitement hits your nerves like a hammer. Not everyone can do this: Get up and go on the attack first! I don’t want to look for other comparisons.
Gagarin
Author: Ivan Slepnev
You will never grow old, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin! Everything has passed: victories and mistakes, Your life has remained a smile to us - The highest human gratitude, A young witch’s smile. I know that your heart did not waver, You only fell silent in surprise, Maybe you felt like a space alien for a moment... The proud spirit of the pilot could not contain the tiny body of the plane, Other ships were on the shoulder!.. And when the earth slid unsteadily, Then on place of this formidable collision With a sunny Gagarin smile Suddenly a spring began to flow from the ground!...
Cosmonautics Day
Author unknown
The sons and daughters of the blue planet Soar high, disturbing the peace of the stars. The path to interstellar space has been established for satellites, rockets, and scientific stations. The era of space is moving forward! Rockets continue their flight, Launch from Baikonur every year. People are accustomed to such phenomena. He keeps his first love in his soul, Let thousands fly to the stars again, But the first was Gagarin, he was his own, dear, with a childish, mischievous smile. When Cosmonautics Day is celebrated, everyone remembers their favorite. But on this day we will congratulate those who create glory for the country, success: Everyone who watches from the Earth at the remote control, How the astronauts perform the feat, And those who send the ships Launching from Mother Earth - Everyone with space science I am bound by my work forever. The people owe them their love. The country is proud of its astronautics: We have and will need it!
Tsiolkovsky
Author: N. Gribachev
I imagine these Kaluga winters, Shaggy snow and winter ice, Children on narrow sleds, A mongrel bug at the gate And that porch, that quiet house And that table on shabby paws, Where time melted, as if in a crucible, And the cosmos moved closer together. The airplane also looked like In those deaf times It was like a pterodactyl without skin, Like a whatnot with a pair of wings, And the steep-headed Kaluga resident, Blowing out the light in the seven-line, Through the ancient ceiling of Europe Already flew to the family of planets, Already, having forgotten the fate of grievances, To the witchcraft tune of winter Calculated everything night of orbit, So that we do not wander in the sky. And, hearing the roar of a jet, the meteorite whistle of rockets, I see an unpretentious house, Seven-line sleepy light, Papers, lampshades of shadow, That whole house, that whole city, Where the Russian genius began His dazzling flight.
The first cosmonauts
The story of space exploration begins with dogs. After the launch of the satellite, the dog Laika flew into space. Unfortunately, due to problems in the life support system, Laika died.
In 1960, the flight of Belka and Strelka lasted 25 hours. It was the first spacecraft carrying living beings to return to Earth. They created special costumes for dogs, developed a diet and a machine for dispensing food. For the first time, there was a television camera on board, a new life support system, and a catapult for emergency rescue of astronauts. A search and rescue service was organized.
After the flight, the dogs lived a long life at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine.
Rice. 1. Belka and Strelka in space.
The data obtained during the flights of astronaut dogs laid the foundation for human space flights.
Man in space
The first person to see the Earth from space was military pilot Yuri Gagarin. His flight lasted less than 2 hours, but preparation for it took a whole year. His backup was German Titov, cosmonaut No. 2. The photograph of the first cosmonaut spread all over the world, and he was greeted with delight in many countries.
A year later, April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR; since 2011, this day has become international. The Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center is located in Star City.
Rice. 2. Yuri Gagarin in a spaceship.
Today, more than 560 people from 35 countries have been in space. Astronauts work on the International Space Station (ISS), shifts last up to 8–9 months.
Gagarin and several other pilots from the cosmonaut corps participated in the development of the unmanned space shuttle Buran, which took off in 1988.
Tsiolkovsky prophesied to us
Author unknown
Tsiolkovsky prophesied to us that man would go into space. Our rebellious twentieth century put an end to his dreams. Away, fear, disbelief, doubt, And the Russian was able to do it: Breaking through gravity, He made a revolution above the Earth. Just one turn - the beginning of a path unknown to us... And the dreamers said: - Apple trees will bloom on Mars! Will it be so? We don’t know yet - And there are countless problems on Earth... But “near space” is inhabitable, And there’s still something in it! Even if not a thousand parsecs, A little closer - a man’s foot stepped on the moon, Taking another barrier. And the satellites to the distant stars carried away the news about earthlings - Accept, great cosmos, formidable, Greetings from little Earth! Motorina Nadezhda Viktorovna
Cosmonauts Holiday
Author: Natalie Samoniy
Both boys and girls, In reality and in good dreams, Everyone dreams about space, About distant skies.
Today is the holiday of astronauts! – Congratulations on this day. Gagarin discovered it for us. Much has been said about him: He is the first cosmonaut in the world, Therefore he is a hero to everyone. He was the kindest person, He had an unearthly smile. That is why this holiday has become good for children, Because, apparently, everyone in childhood thought about space: All the boys want to be like Gagarin, In honor of him, children draw Multi-colored starfall. In honor of Gagarin - avenues, ships and boats... Nowadays it is a holiday for astronauts: Cosmonautics - “Hurray!”
