Boris Zhitkov
In the north, where the Nenets live, even in the spring, when the snow has melted everywhere, there are still frosts and there are strong snowstorms.
Once in the spring, a Nenets postman had to carry mail from one Nenets village to another. Not far - only thirty kilometers.
The Nenets have very light sleds - sledges. They harness reindeer to them. The deer rush like a whirlwind, faster than any horses.
The postman went out in the morning, looked at the sky, crushed the snow with his hand and thought: “There will be a snowstorm from noon. And now I’ll harness it and have time to get through before the snowstorm.”
He harnessed four of his best reindeer, put on a malitsa - a fur robe with a hood, fur boots and picked up a long stick. With this stick he will drive the deer so that they run faster.
The postman tied the mail tightly to the sledge, jumped onto the sleigh, sat sideways and let the reindeer go at full speed.
He was already leaving the village, when suddenly his sister came towards him. She waved her hands and shouted:
The postman got angry, but still stopped. The sister began to ask the postman to take her daughter with him to her grandmother. The postman shouted:
- Hurry! Otherwise there will be a snowstorm.
But the sister fussed for a long time while she fed and collected the girl. The postman sat the girl in front of him, and the deer rushed off. And the postman was still urging them on to get through before the snowstorm.
Halfway there the wind began to blow - straight towards us. It was sunny and the snow was glistening, and then suddenly it got dark, the snow began to swirl, and the front deer couldn’t even be seen.
The deer began to get stuck in the snow and stopped.
The postman unharnessed the reindeer, stood the sleigh upright, tied his long stick to it, and tied the girl’s pioneer tie to the end of the stick. And he stomped around the place near the sleigh, put the mail there, laid out the reindeer, lay down and snuggled up to them with the girl. They were soon covered with snow, and the postman dug out a cave under the snow, and it turned out to be a snow house. It was quiet and warm there.
And in the village where the postman was going, they saw that there was a snowstorm, but he was not there, and they asked on the phone if he had left. And everyone realized that the postman was captured by a snowstorm. We waited for the snowstorm to pass.
The next day the snowstorm did not subside, but the snow was flying lower. It was impossible to ride on reindeer to look for the postman; only snowmobiles could travel. They are like a house on runners, and they run forward because they have a motor. The motor turns a propeller, like that of an airplane.
A doctor, a driver and two men with shovels got into the snowmobile. And the snowmobile ran along the road where the postman was driving.
Suddenly, above a low snowstorm, as if a flag was made of water, they saw a stick with a pioneer tie.
The snowmobile drove up and stopped. Now they have dug up the postman, the girl and the deer. The postman immediately asked:
— Did they bring food? The girl is crying.
“Even hot,” said the doctor and carried the girl into the snowmobile.
While the postman and the girl were warming up, a snowstorm passed.
Source
Evgeniy Charushin - The Amazing Postman: A Story
The boy Vasya and his dad went to the dacha. But Vasya’s mother stayed in the city: she needed to buy something else. Mom wanted to come with shopping in the evening.
Here comes the train. Vasya sits on a bench in the carriage next to his dad and looks out the window. And in the window there are trees, and fences, and different houses.
A boy is also sitting on a bench opposite Vasya, with a watch on his left hand. He is carrying some kind of basket. This boy is already big; he is probably fifteen years old. As the train approaches the station, the boy will look at his watch, write something down in his notebook with a pencil, bend over his basket, pull something out of it and run out of the car. And then he comes again and sits, looking out the window.
Vasya sat and sat, looked and looked at the boy with the basket, and suddenly he started crying at the top of his voice! He remembered that he had forgotten his bicycle at home.
- How can I live without a bicycle? - cries. “I spent the whole winter thinking about how I would ride through the forests on it.”
“Well, well, don’t cry,” said his dad. - Mom will go and bring you a bicycle.
“No, he won’t bring it,” Vasya cries. - She doesn't love him. He creaks...
“Well, boy, stop, don’t cry,” the boy with the watch on his hand suddenly said. - I’ll arrange this for you now. I myself love to ride a bike. Only it is real, two-wheeled. Do you have a telephone at home? - he asks Vasya’s dad.
“Yes,” dad answers. - Number five fifty-five zero six.
“Well, everything’s okay,” says the boy. — We will urgently send a postman with a letter.
He pulled out a tiny paper ribbon from a thin piece of tissue from his pocket and wrote on it: “Call 5-55-06, tell him: “Mom needs to take Vasya’s bicycle to the dacha.” Then he put this letter into some shiny little tube and opened his basket.
And there, in the basket, sits a dove - long-nosed, gray.
The boy pulled out a pigeon and tied a tube with a letter to its leg.
“Here is my postman,” he says. - Ready to fly. Look.
And as soon as the train stopped at the station, the boy looked at his watch, noted the time in his notebook and released the dove out the window.
The dove flies straight up - that’s all they saw!
“I’m teaching carrier pigeons today,” says the boy. — At each station I release one and record the time. The dove will fly straight to the city, to its dovecote. And there they are waiting for him. And on this last one, they will see the tube, read the letter and call you at your apartment. If only the hawk didn't catch him along the way.
And it’s true: Vasya arrived at the dacha, waited and waited for his mother - and in the evening his mother arrived with a bicycle. We received a letter. This means that the hawk did not catch the dove.
Source
Class hour for grades 3-11. World Post Day. Postcrossing
Class hour “October 9 – World Post Day.
Postcrossing" Author: Varvashevich Lyudmila Alekseevna, primary school teacher, Lyuban, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus This material will be useful for teachers, students in grades 3-11, group curators, students, and, in general, adults. Purpose: familiarization with the history of the postal service of the world and the country, postcrossing; promotion of learning English. Objectives: -introduce the history of the postal service of the world and the country, the sequence of sending postal items, as well as the project created to make it possible to receive postcards from all over the world (postcrossing); -strengthen human communication and popularize written contacts; -develop attention, auditory memory, thinking, coherent speech; - to cultivate patriotism, accuracy, respect. Equipment: multimedia installation, postcards for pair work, globe, postcrossing postcards, sounds of transport. Design of the board: pictures with carrier pigeons, advertising booklets about the activities of the post office (services provided, aerograms, etc.) Progress of the class hour The “Song about the Post Office” is played (Performed by the heads of the Federal Postal Service of the Arkhangelsk Region, a branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Russian Post” (Internet resources) ) — As you probably guessed: today we will talk about the postal service, because October 9 is World Post Day (post on the topic board)
I. From the history of the holiday Back in 1969, at the XVI Congress of the Universal Postal Union, it was decided to celebrate the day of its creation - October 9, 1874 (140th anniversary). And in 1970, UPU Day was first celebrated as a world holiday. A few years later, in 1984, at the UPU Congress in Hamburg, it was decided to change the name of the holiday to World Post Day. The holiday is part of the system of world days celebrated under the auspices of the UN and is intended to promote the development of postal services in the world. Mail Day is held as part of Letter Week. — How do you think they could transmit information in ancient times? — The need to receive news appeared among people in the most ancient centuries. At first, they used fire smoke, tom-tom drums and messengers for this purpose, who transmitted messages to neighboring tribes. And with the advent of writing, it became possible to transmit information in writing, and thus began the development of postal communication. Over time, the exchange of written messages became more and more orderly, and in Ancient Rome, Egypt, Assyria and Persia there was a well-established and extensive system of transmitting letters using a relay method from messenger to messenger. In addition, letters were also delivered using special carrier pigeons, which became a reliable method of postal messages in the Middle Ages (displaying them on a board).
II. Forwarding sequence - Now, of course, parcels and letters have a certain forwarding sequence. 1) Receipt from the sender 2) Sorting in district (if the shipment is in the district), regional, republican postal institutions (if the correspondence is of republican, international significance); 3) Dispatch to the destination: Game “Identify the sound”
Now I suggest you listen to the sounds of transport and determine whether they can be used to deliver mail.
Sounds: car, plane, rocket, motorcycle, ambulance. — What type of transport is the car? (ground) - What type of transport is an airplane? (air) - What other type of vehicle have we not talked about? (by water) - That's right, a significant part of postal correspondence is sent by ship. But no matter how letters and parcels are delivered - by land, by water or by air, the main point of postal communication remains - receiving news from a distance. And today, despite the rapid development of computer and electronic technologies, mail has not lost its importance. Every day, millions of people send and receive letters, parcels and parcels, money orders, newspapers and magazines by mail. 4) Sorting by destination 5) Receiving by destination (Physical training for the eyes) III. Postcards as one of the types of postal items In the age of the Internet, ordinary paper postcards fade into the background, giving way to electronic ones. All postcards can be classified into several categories: A) by size: large-small
B) by purpose: - seasonal (New Year, March 8, May 1, Victory Day) - everyday (wedding, birthday) C) by shape (rectangular, square, in the form of numbers, etc.)
D) simple and musical
D) regular and volumetric.
E) purchased and homemade.
There are people who collect postcards. They are called phylocartists, because. Philocartia (from the Greek “φιλέω” - I love and the French “carte” - card) is the field of collecting, studying and systematizing postcards. But as you know, if a postcard comes without an envelope, then it comes with a stamp, from which you can also create a collection, i.e. engage in philately. A philatelist is a collector of postage stamps and other postage marks, guided by the principles of philately when creating his collection. At the same time, the philatelist does not just collect stamps as such, but researches, within the framework of the chosen philatelic direction, a set of postage marks and other philatelic materials, studies the history and development of mail, designs and arranges his collection for participation in philatelic exhibitions. It’s interesting that in Bulgaria a philatelist is called a stamp lover, a stamp lover. And now I propose the game “Who is faster?”
It is necessary in pairs to collect the cut postcard as quickly as possible (the postcards cut into the same number of parts are placed in envelopes according to the number of desks in the class).
The winners are determined. The parts of the postcards are collected back into envelopes. - Now tell me, how many pieces were your postcards cut into? (we check attention and visual memory) IV. Postcrossing Now in the world there is a project created to make it possible to receive postcards from all over the world, which is called postcrossing. The principle of exchanging postcards is based on a single database of all project participants, as well as a mechanism for issuing addresses, aimed at ensuring that the difference between sent and received postcards for each participant is minimal. At the same time, in postcrossing there is a system of indirect exchange, that is, by sending postcards to one user, the participant receives them from others. How to become a postcrosser? A) Register on the official postcrossing website. B) The computer will give you 5 addresses from anywhere in the world where you need to send postcards. Postcards can be on a variety of topics: - species
-cities
-attractions
-cards
-cartoons
-folk costumes
-unusual
-New Year
-landscapes
-birds
-tourist
C) we design (select, sign) postcards: 1) It is customary to select a postcard according to the Recipient’s wish list.
It can often happen that, despite all the variety, you really don’t have a suitable one. Then the main thing is not to send a postcard that is on the anti-wish list (those postcards that a person would never want to receive. And it doesn’t matter at all for what reasons. Perhaps what you like, he doesn’t like at all. And If so, then it’s not worth sending). We choose something that is most suitable, or something from your area. Look at the “favorites” section (favorites, favas). There, perhaps, there will be postcards that you have, and which the Recipient really wants to see. 2) If you chose a postcard not according to the wish list, it is highly advisable to explain why you did so. If the postcard is from your area, tell something about it, about nature, about the city. An interesting urban legend or something that no one knows. (well-known facts are not always interesting to read. 3) Be very careful about “happy birthday”, double, handmade, etc. cards. Many people don’t like this and write about it in their profiles. The same applies to old Soviet postcards. Be careful. 4) Before signing a postcard, be sure to check whether the Recipient already has one. You can look at the “received” section on the official website or follow the link in the profile (if there is one) to the album of received messages that the user created himself. 5) The stamps you choose for the postcard can be a special treat. It is customary to glue not standard stamps (Kremlins, animals), but artistic ones. The best form is to choose stamps that match the theme of the card (for example, stick stamps with a New Year theme on a New Year's card). 6) Practice shows that it is better to first affix stamps according to the tariff. Then enter the address. Write a message in the remaining space. (You can do whatever is convenient for you, the order is not important, but the one indicated above seems more rational. The stamps may not fit after writing the address and then you will have to distort it, which will most likely damage the postcard technically and/or aesthetically). 7) It is customary to write something more than “happy postcrossing”. Sometimes profiles write what they would like to read on a postcard. You can be guided by this, or you can simply tell something interesting from your life. It’s always a pleasure to read messages written with soul and interest in you. I note that generally sending a postcard does not involve correspondence; it would not be very polite to ask direct questions in your message. You can ask a rhetorical question without burdening the recipient with an answer. However, if you have any problems with the language or time, you can write a few standard friendly phrases. This also happens. An extremely important point at this stage will be signing the postcard: And if your handwriting is not calligraphic, try to write at least the address in block letters, or print the address on paper (a picture with the address will be sent by mail automatically). — Don't forget to enter your ID. And it’s better immediately after pasting the stamps and writing the address. Later, after the message, you may simply run out of space. Also, since postcards travel “naked,” enter the ID several times in different places, this will increase the chances of saving the ID when the postcard is torn. — Be sure to include your nickname if this is not an official postcard. You can also put your name along with your nickname. (This will make the message less formal and more warm.) 9) As a general rule, it is good to send a postcard without an envelope, unless the person has indicated otherwise. D) sign the correct address: Ivanov Alexander Ivanovitch ul. Lesnaya d. 5, kv.176, g. MOSKVA RUSSIAN FEDERATION 125075 Petrov Ivan Sergeevich st. Orekhovaya, d. 25 pos. Lesnoe ALEKSCEVSKIY rn VORONEJSKAYA obl RUSSIAN FEDERATION 247112 D) send postcards E) receive postcards
Postcrossing statistics as of October 7, 2014: - 503,593 members from 214 countries - 1,636 postcards arrive every hour - 25,956,639 postcards have found their recipients - they have covered a distance of 132,198,924,401 km, which is equal to 3,298,788 circles around the Earth Statistics on Belarusian postcrossing: - 6th place among countries in the world in terms of the number of participants and postcards sent - 20,358 participants - 1,236,148 postcards sent from Belarus - 1,238,827 postcards arrived in Belarus - the most active Belarusian postcrosser - Elena from Brest, she has already received 4,581 postcards Other interesting facts about postcrossing and mail: * The postcrossing database lists 11 postcards sent from Antarctica (which has its own ISO 3166 AQ code). None of them, however, were actually sent from the southern continent - the fact is that the system allows the user to select any country during registration, including one other than the one explicitly indicated in the address also entered into the system. *The ten millionth postcard, registered on January 27, 2012, was sent from Japan to Germany. *The fifteen millionth postcard was registered on December 31, 2012. Shipped from Germany to Italy. *The twenty millionth postcard was registered on October 29, 2013. In 22 days she covered more than 10 thousand km. The New York postcard was sent on October 7 from the West Coast of the United States and was registered in Taiwan. *The twenty-five millionth postcard was registered on August 10, 2014. In 5 days she covered more than 360 kilometers. The postcard with the cats was sent on August 5 from Holland and was registered in Germany. *Americans buy 7 billion greeting cards every year. Annual retail sales of greeting cards are estimated to be more than $7.5 billion. *Nine out of 10 American families buy greeting cards for the holidays. On average, each family signs 30 cards a year. *Have you ever thought about what the first envelope looked like - an integral attribute of a letter, acting as a case and at the same time a guide in the direction of transmitting the message? It turns out that it was not at all similar to the modern version. Our ancestors wrapped the letter with branches, ropes - whatever they needed. And the Babylonians generally covered the message with a liquid clay solution and left it to dry in the sun. The latest type of envelope was recently created from plastic - thin, light, resistant to mechanical stress. You can’t even tear it, let alone wet it or burn it with acid. This is truly an invention of the 21st century! *The world's longest-running post office is located in Scotland. A year ago he turned exactly three centuries old. The postage stamp is much younger – by as much as 128 years. Its homeland was foggy Albion, and the reason for its appearance was the dishonesty of the British: having familiarized themselves with the “contents” of the letter indicated on the envelope, the British refused to pay for postage. To summarize the above, let me remind you that World Post Day is celebrated across the planet as part of the annual Letter Week. It is under the auspices of the UN and is on the list of International Days established by the peacekeeping association. To clarify: Letter Week is a seven-day period that includes the celebration of World Post Day. Numerous states use this event to promote postal products to the masses by organizing specific exhibitions and sales. The range of branded goods is huge: from unusual envelopes to postal souvenirs. Like any other similar event, World Post Day annually changes the themes under which the celebrations are held. VI. Summing up - What new did you learn? -What interested you? -Did you want to do postcrossing? -What is needed for this? (knowledge of English, basic computer skills) I would like to end today’s class hour with a poem posted on one greeting card: You can’t hold an email in your hands, And it’s hard to hold the World Wide Web to your heart, I’m handing you a postcard on this holiday, Good old custom I want to support. Let it never go out of fashion, The postcard keeps all the warmth of congratulations, And in the soul it finds its way so easily, Let joy instantly illuminate your face! I want you to never part with your smile, Even on a cloudy day or in your difficult hour, And also, that you never change, But always remain the same as you are now!
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The story "Mail"
The story “Mail” by Boris Zhitkov tells about the dangerous work of northern postmen. She teaches the child to be attentive and help people in trouble. The Nenets postman had to deliver mail to fellow tribesmen who lived 30 kilometers away. On the way, his reindeer team was caught in a strong snowstorm. There was a girl with him, so when the deer could no longer walk, he built something like a hut, leaving a stick on top with a red pioneer tie tied to it, and together with the deer he took cover from the snow. Soon they were completely covered, and the postman dug something like a snow house, which was quite warm. Rescuers discovered them based on their pioneer tie.
In the north, where the Nenets live, even in the spring, when the snow has melted everywhere, there are still frosts and there are strong snowstorms.
Once in the spring, a Nenets postman had to carry mail from one Nenets village to another. Not far - only thirty kilometers.
The Nenets have very light sleds - sledges. They harness reindeer to them. The deer rush like a whirlwind, faster than any horses.
The postman went out in the morning, looked at the sky, crushed the snow with his hand and thought: “There will be a snowstorm from noon. And now I’ll harness it and have time to get through before the snowstorm.”
He harnessed four of his best reindeer, put on a malitsa - a fur robe with a hood, fur boots and picked up a long stick. With this stick he will drive the deer so that they run faster.
The postman tied the mail tightly to the sledge, jumped onto the sleigh, sat sideways and let the reindeer go at full speed.
He was already leaving the village, when suddenly his sister came towards him. She waved her hands and shouted:
The postman got angry, but still stopped. The sister began to ask the postman to take her daughter with him to her grandmother. The postman shouted:
- Hurry! Otherwise there will be a snowstorm.
But the sister fussed for a long time while she fed and collected the girl. The postman sat the girl in front of him, and the deer rushed off. And the postman was still urging them on to get through before the snowstorm.
Halfway there the wind began to blow - straight towards us. It was sunny and the snow was glistening, and then suddenly it got dark, the snow began to swirl, and the front deer couldn’t even be seen.
The deer began to get stuck in the snow and stopped.
The postman unharnessed the reindeer, stood the sleigh upright, tied his long stick to it, and tied the girl’s pioneer tie to the end of the stick. And he stomped around the place near the sleigh, put the mail there, laid out the reindeer, lay down and snuggled up to them with the girl. They were soon covered with snow, and the postman dug out a cave under the snow, and it turned out to be a snow house. It was quiet and warm there.
And in the village where the postman was going, they saw that there was a snowstorm, but he was not there, and they asked on the phone if he had left. And everyone realized that the postman was captured by a snowstorm. We waited for the snowstorm to pass.
The next day the snowstorm did not subside, but the snow was flying lower. It was impossible to ride on reindeer to look for the postman; only snowmobiles could travel. They are like a house on runners, and they run forward because they have a motor. The motor turns a propeller, like that of an airplane.
A doctor, a driver and two men with shovels got into the snowmobile. And the snowmobile ran along the road where the postman was driving.
Suddenly, above a low snowstorm, as if a flag was made of water, they saw a stick with a pioneer tie.
The snowmobile drove up and stopped. Now they have dug up the postman, the girl and the deer. The postman immediately asked:
— Did they bring food? The girl is crying.
“Even hot,” said the doctor and carried the girl into the snowmobile.
While the postman and the girl were warming up, a snowstorm passed.
Source
Postal history for children
Mail has always been and is the most important part of the life of almost every person. The history of its origin is very ancient and dates back to before the birth of Christ.
Great states in ancient times (Rome, Egypt, Persia, etc.) could be proud of a well-organized postal system, and
caravan messengers
traveled for many miles, passing letters by relay from one messenger to another.
The need to transmit important letters and goods has always been present.
Various
overseas products
at the royal tables in the form of bundles and barrels .
There are several versions of when the mailbox was first invented. In the Middle Ages, the Portuguese navigator B. Dias
gave an account of the shipwreck. In order for the letter to reach the addressee unharmed, it was wrapped in tarred cloth, placed in a shoe, and hung on a tall tree near the shore. The message was found by another navigator and Novaya, on whose orders the chapel was built. Years later, a village grew there and a monument to the first mailbox was built.
Even more ancient data on mail dates back to Babylon and Assyria
.
They had an ingenious method of transmitting letters through clay tablets
. A layer of clay was placed on the tablet with the text. Having received such an “envelope,” they broke it, the layer flew off, and the addressee read the message. This is how the secret of the letters was preserved.
In ancient times, letters were written on wax tablets, tied with a leather cord, on which the sender's stamp was placed. Beeswax was used for printing
. The color of the seal mattered (for celebrations - white, for mourning letters - black).
Legislators of postal affairs
Letters and paper stamps were first discussed in
England.
In this aristocratic country, it was fashionable to write letters of various formats (business cards).
However, it was inconvenient; the owner of a stationery business took on the task. He created unusual bags with pieces of paper. He distributed his products as a bonus to his product. The bags became very popular, and the master began making postal bags for various companies. The success was colossal, and Master Brever
came up with the idea of creating a machine that makes envelopes.
His work was perfected by the Frenchman Poirier
, and at the end of
the 19th
century, the British introduced multi-colored note paper (according to the days of the week) into fashion. In Paris, envelopes were monogrammed on the top left (embossed gold on a white shield) or sealed with white sealing wax. The cost of the envelope included a fee for its delivery.
Postal history in Russia
In Russia, mail developed according to a special scenario.
It is known that seals for letters were made of silver and gold (imprint on metal using linen thread). This was a prototype of sealing wax. Sealing wax
is still used at post offices in the Russian Federation.
But initially sealing wax was brought from the East ( “Spanish wax”
). Over the course of centuries, the recipe for sealing wax has changed.
In Russia in 1845
Stamped envelopes
for city mail were introduced By that time, the city post office was at its peak of activity: letter collection points were opened, and postal fees were collected in cash. The owners of the shops where the points were set up were responsible for the safety of correspondence and parcels. To replace them, mailboxes were invented.
Popularity of the first brands
The popularity of the brands did not come immediately. Postal reform was actively developed in England, but the common population did not take stamps seriously. The French achieved great success. They put labels on their letters stating that postage had been paid. Initially, letters with stamps were the privilege of officials, and only years later it became available to the common class.
Samuel Marshak — Mail: A Fairy Tale
Who is knocking on my door With a thick bag on a belt, With the number 5 on a copper plaque, In a blue uniform cap? This is him, This is him, the Leningrad postman. Today he has a lot of Letters in the bag on his side - From Tashkent, Taganrog, Tambov and Baku. At seven o'clock he started the business, at ten the bag lost weight, and by twelve o'clock he delivered everything to the addresses.
— Ordered from Rostov for comrade Zhitkov! — Made to order for Zhitkov? Sorry, there is no such thing! I flew to London yesterday at seven fourteen in the morning.
Zhitkov rushes abroad through the air - the Earth turns green below. And after Zhitkov, a registered letter is being carried in a mail carriage.
Packages on the shelves are clearly laid out, Dismantling is going on on the road, And two postmen On the benches of the carriage are rocking all night long. Postcard - To Dubrovka, Parcel - To Pokrovka, Newspaper - To Rostov-on-Don. Letter - In Bologoye. But the custom one will go abroad - to Berlin.
The Berlin postman is coming, loaded with the latest mail. He is dressed like such a dandy: A cap with a red edging.
The dark blue jacket has Azure buttonholes. He walks and holds in his hand a Letter from Abroad.
Passers-by are rushing around. Cars rustle with tires, one faster than the other, along Linden Alley.
The postman brings him to the door, bows to the old doorman. — Letter for Herr Zhitkova From issue six!
- Yesterday at eleven o’clock Zhitkov left for England!
The letter itself will not go anywhere, but put it in a box - It will run, fly, sail thousands of miles.
It is not difficult for a letter to see the light: It does not need a ticket. With copper money, the Taped Passenger will travel around the world.
On the road it doesn’t drink or eat, and only says one thing: “Urgent.” England. London. West, 14, Bobkin Street.
Runs, tossing a load, Behind the bus is a bus. Posters and billboards are swinging on the roof. The conductor shouts from the stairs: “End of the route.” Bobkin Street!
Along Bobkin Street, along Bobkin Street Mr. Smith walks quickly in a postal blue cap, And he himself looks like a piece of wood.
He goes to the fourteenth house, knocks with a hanging hammer and says sternly: “For Mr. Zhitkov.” The doorman looks from under his glasses at the first and last name and says: “Boris Zhitkov went to Brazil.”
The steamer will leave in two minutes. People filled all the cabins with suitcases.
But they don’t carry suitcases into one of the cabins. This is what will go there: Postman and mail.
Under the palm trees of Brazil, tired from the heat, gray-haired Basilio, the Brazilian postman, wanders.
In his hand he holds a strange, crumpled letter. The stamp bears a foreign postal stamp.
And the inscription above the name says that the addressee left Brazil and returned to Leningrad.
Who is knocking on my door With a thick bag on a belt, With the number 5 on a copper plaque, In a blue uniform cap? This is him, This is him, the Leningrad postman! He holds out the Order for Zhitkov again. - For Zhitkov? Hey Boris, Receive and sign!
My neighbor jumped out of bed: “This is truly a miracle.” Look, the letter behind me flew around the globe, rushed across the sea in pursuit, rushed to the Amazon. Trains and ships carried him after me. It came kindly to me across the seas and mountain slopes.
Honor and glory to the postmen, Tired, dusty, Glory to the honest postmen With a thick bag on their belt!
Source
Summary of an extracurricular lesson on the topic “Mail”
Extracurricular activity topic
"Mail"
Subject:
Mail.
Target:
introduce children to the history of postal services.
Tasks:
- Educational: introduce children to the history of the development of postal services, various methods of sending mail and teach them how to format a letter.
- Developmental: develop in children the desire to acquire knowledge and broaden their horizons.
- Educational: to instill in children respect for history, to form a moral principle in them through a kind attitude towards each other.
Form:
conversation with game elements.
Equipment:
projector, laptop, cartoons, envelopes.
Literature used to prepare educational activities:
- https://www.numama.ru/zagadki-dlja-malenkih-detei/zagadki-pro-bytovye-predmety/zagadki-pro-pismo.html
- https://riddle-middle.ru/zagadki/otvety/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE
- https://scenariev.net/jokegames/744-shutochnaya-igra-dlya-detey-kto-lyubit-shokolad.html
- https://ppt4web.ru/nachalnaja-shkola/na-chem-pisali-i-chem-pisali.htm
- "Everything about everything." Compiled by: G. Shalaeva. Page 129-132 “What they wrote on in the old days”
- https://postlite.ru/history_post.html
Lesson structure:
- Greeting + riddle (1 min)
- “Would you like to know..?” (1 min)
- Writing before paper (+ papyrus; 2 min)
- Paper and birch bark (1 min)
- Warm-up (1 min)
- Game – test of knowledge (1 min)
- Mail is... (2 min)
- Cartoon and discussion (5 min)
- Messengers and the development of postal services (1 min)
- Pigeon mail (puzzle; 5 min)
- Cartoon (2 min)
- Dog sled + cartoon + discussion (7 min)
- What applies to mail and why? (4 min)
- Physical exercise (1 min)
- Bottle mail (2 min)
- Games (“Sending a letter”, “How many letters does the postman have”; 3 min)
- Formatting a letter (6 min)
Lesson content
Me: Hello guys! I would really like us to spend time today interesting and useful. To begin with, please guess the riddle:
The Paper Bird lies on the table. I write the address on the white wing. The Paper Bird will rush to its friend.
Children: Letter.
Me: Right! Well done! Do you know what holiday is tomorrow? Tomorrow October 9 is World Post Day. Would you be interested to know what people in different countries wrote on before the invention of paper?
Me: Would you like to know who invented paper and when?
Me: How did people used to send letters to each other?
Children: Yes.
Me: Wonderful! Let's begin our journey through the ancient world. But what do you think people wrote on before the invention of paper?
Children: On stones, leaves, pieces of bark, clay shards.
Me: Right. Words were scratched onto them with a sharp bone or piece of stone. But this method of writing was inconvenient, because the stone, the sheet, and the clay tablet could only be used once. Therefore, in different parts of the world they began to look for more convenient material for writing. Have any of you been to Egypt? Have you heard of a plant called papyrus? It was from this that the ancient Egyptians learned to make their writing material. This material was also called papyrus.
Papyrus, made by the ancient Egyptians, was not durable: the sheet made from it could not be folded or bent. Therefore, they began to make long ribbons from it, which were wound around a stick with a handle. The result was scrolls.
And paper was invented in Ancient China. What year are we in now, guys?
Children: 2014.
Me: So, more than two thousand years ago, the Chinese already knew how to make paper. Can you imagine? Bamboo fibers, some herbs and old rags were placed in a stone mortar and ground with water into a paste. Paper was cast from this pulp.
And in Ancient Rus', for a long time, the main material for writing was birch bark - birch bark. Letters were pressed out on it using a wooden stick.
Well done everyone! Now let’s follow me through a few movements. Let's mash the bones.
Handles up, on the sides, towards the shoulders. Circular movements. Hands in front of you. We work quickly with our fingers. And now palm to palm, three. Fine! Let's return to our topic.
Dear guys, let's now test our knowledge and play at the same time. If I say it correctly: clap your hands. If I say it wrong, then we say: no.
- Papyrus is a plant.
- The Greeks invented paper.
Children: No! The Chinese invented paper.
- Before the invention of paper, people wrote on clay and stone tablets.
- In Ancient Rus', the main material for writing was birch bark.
Well done! I am very glad that you understood the material well. Who can tell me what mail is? Children: Mail is one of the types of communication, human communication. Also, a post office is a room where letters or parcels are sent or received.
Me: Yes. Right! And mail is what people send to each other. Surely you heard mom or dad say: “The mail has arrived.” This means that your parents received a letter or parcel.
And now, I suggest you watch an excerpt from the cartoon “Three from Prostokvashino”. But you must be very careful, I will then ask questions, namely, how letters, parcels, parcels and container shipments differ from each other. The cartoon will talk about this.
Cartoon.
Did you like the cartoon? Have you watched it before? What is the difference between letters, parcels, parcels and container shipping?
Children: Letters are paper messages. People write some messages on paper. A parcel differs from a parcel in weight. A parcel is considered to be an item larger than 1 kg, and a parcel post is an item smaller than 1 kg. Those. The parcel is heavier than a parcel.
Me: In the cartoon, what is a parcel post, what is a parcel, and what is container transportation?
Children: A parcel is a poker, a parcel is an iron, and container transportation is a barrel.
Me: Well done! You are all very attentive guys!
Would you still like to know how people used to deliver letters to each other?
Children: Yes.
Me: Even in ancient times, oral or written news was brought to the city by messengers. But over time, people realized how necessary changes were in postal communications. Then messenger services were organized. And in the 19th century, with the advent of railways and steamships, and in the 20th century also the airplane, the speed of mailings increased significantly. Why, guys?
Children: Trains, ships and planes move faster than people.
Me: Of course! There was also one very interesting way of transmitting letters. Now I will give you a puzzle with a picture of a bird that actively participated in this method of transmitting information. We work in pairs.
Did you manage? Well done! Pigeons are extraordinary birds! They have keen eyesight and an incredible ability to find their way home.
Now we will watch an excerpt from a cartoon where the postman Pat used this method of transmitting information.
Cartoon.
As you saw, the pigeon was very helpful to postman Pat. In some countries, pigeon mail is still used. It is, of course, a complement to the traditional transmission of letters.
And in places where it was very cold and there were no pigeons, they used dog sleds to deliver letters. Have any of you watched the cartoon "Balto"? In this cartoon, dogs transported necessary medicine for sick children. The railway was damaged, and children could even die without taking the medicine. But the dogs managed to bring the medicine on time. Overcoming cold and hunger, overcoming various obstacles, they hurried to fulfill their assignment. But you will have to not only watch the passage, but also answer two questions:
- How did dogs determine which direction to move?
- What obstacles did the animals encounter?
Cartoon.
Have you seen what loyal and strong animals dogs are? Now please answer the questions.
Children: The dogs determined which direction they should run by smell. Dogs are very good at smelling. Obstacles: collapse of a snow bridge, avalanche, falling ice blocks.
I perfectly! And now, I will give you pieces of paper with many bright and interesting pictures. You will need to circle with a pen or pencil those pictures that relate to mail.
Physical exercise “Mailbox”
I stand on the bench (we rise on our toes and stretch)
I can barely get the box out.
I open the box (open it)
Blue, shiny.
Spilled out of the box (squat - stand with arms outstretched)
The letters are real.
Another type of mail, you will find out if you solve the code.
Code in the presentation.
They resorted to bottle mail in cases where there were no other means of reporting the tragedy that had unfolded at sea. Now, let's play!
Game “Sending a letter”
— To send a letter by rail, you need (what?)...(Mail car).
-To send a letter by airmail, you need (what?)...(Airplane).
- To send a letter by pigeon mail, you need (who?)... (Dove).
— To send a letter by e-mail you need (what?)...(Computer).
- To send a letter to the north, you need (what?)...(Dog sleds, helicopter).
Game "Magic package"
- The teacher shows the package to the children. Have we received a parcel, parcel, letter or telegram? Who will remember?
Guys, can you help the postman count how many letters he has in his bag?
Children: 8
Me: You are real helpers.
Now, let's do an interesting task. I will now give you envelopes and sheets for your letter. Are you perhaps missing warm summer days right now? Let's give each other some light and warmth. Draw a smiling sun or an elegant flower. Then put your drawing in an envelope and give it to your neighbor. On the envelope you will need to write to whom you are addressing the letter (name, surname) and from whom it is. The girls who sit on the last desks and I will help you.
Here you write to whom, and here - from whom. This is the place for the brand.
Postage stamps are signs of payment . Just as we pay with money for food, clothing, furniture, we also pay with stamps for sending a letter or parcel. There are different brands. Today you will use the stickers that I will give you as stamps. They will need to be glued to this place.
Now let's remember what we learned new. I'll ask you a few questions:
- What is mail? (means of communication between people)
- What means of mail transmission did we talk about today? (pigeon, bottle, dog sled; by train, boat and plane)
- What are stamps? (mail payment signs)
- What is the name of the method of transmitting information using a computer? (Email)
Thank you for your attention!
