Didactic games on the topic: “Geometric shapes”
Didactic game "Geometric Lotto"
for children from 3 to 5 years old.
Description of the game. The didactic game “Geometric Lotto” is intended for teachers of the second junior and middle groups, as well as for preschoolers from 3 to 5 years old. The game can be easily completed by a parent and used at home to teach how to work with diagrams, develop a child’s logic, imaginative thinking, and cultivate perseverance and attention. Composition of the game: geometric shapes of different colors and sizes, diagrams of objects, animals.
The game is intended for both one child and 2-3 children. Purpose of the game: in a playful way, teach children to distinguish between geometric shapes and colors, using a diagram, to compose the shapes of objects and animals, and to navigate the space of the game sheet. Progress of the game: It is better to start with one scheme. Let the child choose from the available geometric shapes those that are suitable in color and size and apply them to the diagram. The game contains both simple and more complex diagrams, which allows you to teach a preschooler to work with diagrams, consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes, give an idea that shapes can be of different colors and sizes, develop his imaginative and logical thinking, cultivate perseverance and attentiveness . An example of working with the circuit. 1. Together with the teacher, the child examines the diagram and determines what is depicted on it. 2. The geometric shapes on the diagram are named. Their color and size are called. 3. Selection of the necessary geometric shapes and filling out the diagram. scheme "Tumbler"
Of course, the schemes for this game can be constantly updated. And at an older age, you can try to compose images without diagrams with preschoolers, on your own, coming up with something of your own. Which will contribute to the further development and improvement of acquired skills.
Orientation in space
Exercise “Arrange geometric shapes on a sheet”
Take a sheet of paper and prepare cardboard geometric shapes for work.
Place the square in the upper right corner. Place a circle in the middle of the sheet. Place a triangle in the lower left corner. Place the oval in the upper left corner. Place a triangle in the lower right corner.
Dynamic pause “Count and do”
How many triangles are there in the green Christmas tree? How many bends do you immediately perform? (3)
How many oval pies are on the plate, immediately perform the same number of jumps. (5)
How many rectangular glasses are there for guests? Do as many squats as quickly as possible. (4)
How many round vases are there on the shelf? Clap your hands as many times as possible. (1)
How many square flags they hung for us, how many turns you need to make now. (2)
Game NAME THE CITY STREETS
Target:
· generalize children's knowledge about known features: color, shape, size;
· introduce children to a new type of activity - modeling.
Equipment:
· application of the main city;
· colored markers;
· signs: “Color”, “Shape”, “Size”.
The teacher shows the main city of the country Geometry, made using the application:
— This city is still very young. All the figures in this city settled along the streets, but did not have time to give them names. Let's help them. I wonder what you can call the first street going from top to bottom? - Triangular. - Why did you call her that? - Because only triangles live on it. - How are all these figures similar? - Form. -What shape do they have? - Triangular. — What can you draw on the sign of this street? - Triangle. - Right!
The teacher draws a triangle on the top of the sign. The same work is carried out for all other streets going from top to bottom.
- What should we call this street? (Shows the upper street, going from left to right.) - Red. - Why did you call her that? - Because all the figures on this street are red. - How are all these figures similar? - Color. — What should we draw on the sign?
The children are a little confused, but then they realize that they need to draw a shapeless red spot. All remaining streets are dealt with in the same way.
- Now tell me, what are all these figures? (Shows all the small figures.) - Small. - And the rest? - Big ones. - How are they different? - Size. - And so let’s remember once again how all the figures living in this city differ. - By shape, color and size.
Three signs are hung up, and the children try to explain themselves why these particular icons are depicted on these signs:
Games and play exercises for the development of geometric concepts in preschool children
GAMES AND GAME EXERCISES
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMETRICAL CONCEPTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
middle group.
Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify geometric shapes in a picture, drawing, or in the environment.
- These exercises improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, isolate them from a drawing, abstracting from unimportant features.
- In the exercises, work is carried out to improve numerical concepts.
- First, simple drawings are offered, the figures in which do not overlap each other. Then the tasks and drawings become more complex, and the figures can consist of other figures.
Exercises.
- What shapes are used in the drawing?
- How many circles are there in the picture? Squares? Triangles?
- How are the drawings similar and different?
- Find 9 triangles: Find 3 triangles:
Find all the triangles and rectangles:
How many figures are there in the picture and what kind:
Didactic games.
"Camera"
Material: cards with images of geometric shapes of different colors and sizes. Procedure: children pick up “cameras” (imitate), the teacher shows a card with a geometric figure for a few seconds, children “photograph” it (memorize), and then “develop the film” - sketch or lay out the same figure.
“How much of what?”
The game is similar. Children must tell how many and what shapes they saw in the picture.
"Pyramids"
Material: a set of pyramids, their outline images. Progress: - use the proposed contour diagram to find a pyramid; - use the pyramid to find the corresponding contour diagram; - according to the proposed contour diagram, fold a pyramid; - Draw a contour diagram based on the proposed folded pyramid.
"Different Houses"
The game is similar. Instead of pyramids, images of houses of different configurations and their contour images are used.
"Geometric Lotto"
Material: per child 1-2 large cards, divided into 4-6-9 parts, one of which contains a geometric figure; a set of cards with images of simple shaped objects. H od: cards are distributed to children 1-2 at a time, small cards from the presenter, who picks them up one at a time and asks: “Who needs this?” Children compare the shape of objects with a model of a geometric figure and, if they match, then place them on an empty square. The first one to fill out the card wins.
"Geometric Domino"
Material: sets of cards, divided into two parts (domino-type), which depict geometric figures (at a younger age of the same color and size). Move: as when playing a regular domino. Identical figures are placed nearby (by shape, or color, or size, or by 2-3 signs of similarity at once). In older groups, there is a complication: put figures nearby, for example, of the same shape, but different colors.
"Find the same figure"
Material: children and the teacher have sets of geometric shapes of different colors and sizes depending on the age group, children have chips. Progress: the teacher shows a geometric figure (raises the model or shows it with an arrow on a “geometric clock”). The child must place a chip on the same figure. The winner is the one who is the first to cover all the figures and name them correctly.
“Mysterious contours”, “Whose trace is this?”, “Whose shadow is this?”, “Irregular shadows”
Materials: outline images of objects, real images of objects. Task options: - guess what is drawn in the picture (the contours can be intertwined); - guess which object the “wet footprint” belongs to; - guess who can cast which shadow; — guess whether the shadows of objects are drawn correctly?
“Find out by part”, “Complete the picture”, “Put the picture together”, “What does it look like?”, “What toy?”, “Pebbles on the shore”, “What’s in Santa Claus’s bag?”
Which figure is hiding?
What does it look like?
Finish it!
What's in Santa Claus's bag? Pebbles on the shore
“White Sheet”, “Patches”, “Broken Showcase”, “What did Petya cut out and what did he draw?”
In all these games, it is necessary to cover one figure (shape) with another of the same shape (to achieve a complete match). The result is a white sheet (dark figures are covered by white ones), pants with patches instead of holes, glass inserted instead of knocked out. In the latter case, it is necessary to determine what shape the parts are cut out and which are not, i.e. completed.
“Pick up the key to the lock,” “Pick up the nut.”
Material: locks (bolts) with holes of a certain shape and a set of keys (nuts) with contours of the same shape. Task: collect pairs - who is faster?
“Find your house”, “Cars and garages”
Material: sets of large geometric shapes for “houses” or “garages”, sets of geometric shapes for “tenants” or “steering wheels”. Move: at the teacher’s signal, children move freely around the playground (group), pretending to be residents (birds, etc.) or cars. According to another signal, they occupy “houses” (“garages”) in accordance with the figures they have in their hands.
“Find a pair”, “Paired pictures”, “Match the pairs”
Material: sets of geometric shapes or tables with geometric shapes. Progress: children fill in the empty “windows” in the tables, on cards, or put the same geometric figure next to each other, or connect them with lines (from the middle group you can do it at speed).
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"Wonderful bag"
Material: bag, sets of geometric shapes or objects. Task options: - recognize a figure or object by touch; - find the same object or figure as in the bag; — find all triangles, etc.
“Count how many and what shapes”, “Find all the triangles, circles...”, “What shapes do you see?”
Various geometric shapes are drawn on sheets of paper, which can intersect, hide behind each other, behind lines and strokes. Task: find all the hidden figures, show and name them.
"Let's put on triangular glasses"
Material: models of glasses of different shapes (pince-nez type). Procedure: children “put on” glasses and “see” through them only those objects that have the same shape as the glasses. You can give out a token for each find. The one who finds the most items wins.
"Make a Sail"
Material: images of ships whose sails are indicated only by the outline of various geometric shapes of different sizes, a set of geometric shapes corresponding in shape to the “sails”. Procedure: each child receives a picture of a ship; he must “raise the sails” as quickly as possible - cover the contours with model figures.
Logical exercises: “What’s missing?”, “What’s changed?”, “What’s superfluous?”, “What’s missing?”
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Senior preschool age
"Make a Sail"
Material: images of ships whose sails are indicated only by the outline of various geometric shapes of different sizes, a set of geometric shapes corresponding in shape to the “sails”. Procedure: each child receives a picture of a ship; he must “raise the sails” as quickly as possible - cover the contours with model figures.
Logical exercises: “What’s missing?”, “What’s changed?”, “What’s superfluous?”, “What’s missing?”
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Exercises aimed at developing design skills.
- These exercises develop the ability to analyze a sample based on identifying its component parts, and the ability to synthesize parts into a holistic image.
- Design exercises without a sample develop memory, imagination, forecasting and planning skills.
- Transformational tasks promote the development of variability of thinking.
1 subgroup.
Exercises on breaking geometric shapes into parts that are geometric shapes by bending, cutting, and lines.
- Divide the square into two rectangles, two triangles, four squares, four triangles, four rectangles.
- Divide the figure with one line into three triangles, two triangles, one triangle and one quadrilateral, two triangles and a hexagon, a pentagon and a triangle:
- Draw a segment in each figure so that one of the parts is a square:
- How to make a hexagon from a triangle?
- Divide the square into four parts so that you can form a triangle from them.
2nd subgroup.
Exercises on composing geometric shapes from parts.
- Puzzles such as “TANGRAM”, “MAGIC CIRCLE”, “PYTHAGORUS PUZZLE”, “SPHINX”, “PENTAMINO”, etc.
- Folding geometric shapes from sticks, for example, fold two triangles from 5 sticks.
- Composing figures from other geometric figures: a triangle from 2 triangles, from 6 triangles; a rectangle made of 2 triangles, 2 rectangles, 2 squares, 4 triangles, 3 rectangles, etc.
- What shapes can be made from 4 squares? 2 triangles? 2 triangles and one square?
- What shapes can be used to make a rectangle?
- Draw a rectangle:
3 subgroup.
Exercises on transforming geometric shapes according to a given condition.
- Transformation exercises with sticks: remove or rearrange a certain number of sticks to form a given figure or image.
- The square is cut into 4 triangles along the diagonals. It is necessary to rearrange the parts so that you get two identical squares, one triangle, two squares - one inside the other.
“Cut pictures”, “Mosaic”, “Fold the teapot”
For these games and competitions, any pictures that are accessible to children, cut into 2-10 parts, are suitable. Task: put together a picture; you can offer the kids a sample.
"Divide and fold."
An image is presented, which must be mentally divided into two parts (mentally draw a line) and mentally fold them into a square.
III
group. Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify elements and properties of geometric shapes.
- Exercises promote conscious identification of elements of figures.
- Helps to understand the connections between the number of elements of figures and their names.
- They help to identify some essential properties of geometric shapes.
- What is the name of a figure that has 5 corners? 6? 7? 8?
- Draw the figure with the smallest number of angles (with the most angles).
- How many different shapes with 4 corners can you draw?
- How many sticks will it take to form a pentagon?
- Game “Get to know me”: “I have no angles, but I am not a circle”, “I am a quadrilateral, but not all sides are equal.”
- Is it possible to construct a triangle with one right angle? What about two? With three? (the same about the quadrilateral).
- Find all the triangles:
- Give each figure a name.
- Circle the sides and vertices with different colors.
Didactic games.
"Circle exactly"
The child is asked to draw some geometric figure in cells, for example, a rectangle with sides of 6 and 3 cells. Then place another pencil at the upper left vertex, close your eyes and try to outline the figure with a different color exactly along the contour.
"Figure within a figure."
The child, under dictation, draws figures inside each other (4-7), then covers them with a sheet or turns them over and reconstructs the picture from memory.
"Target Shooting"
Material: a set of geometric shapes that can be fixed on the wall (circles, ovals, different types of polygons), you can draw them on the wall while walking; ball - “snowball”. Progress: children play in pairs or teams, taking turns throwing the ball at targets - geometric shapes. The winner is the one who scores the most points in a certain number of throws. The number of points for one throw depends on the number of angles in the geometric figure, for example, hitting a pentagon brings the player 5 points. If a player hits a figure without corners (circle, oval), then 2-5 points are deducted from him (depending on the established rule).
“Find what I say”, “Find by description”
Material: different geometric shapes (depending on age group). Progress: the teacher names the signs of geometric shapes, and the children find them in the set. For example: “Find a large, red figure, which has 4 corners and sides of all different lengths. What is it called? At an older age, children are encouraged to make these kinds of riddles themselves.
IV
group. Exercises aimed at developing the ability to identify features of the relative arrangement of geometric figures.
- Games and exercises develop the ability to identify spatial relationships between geometric figures on a plane: to the left, in front, between, inside, intersect.
- First, children analyze the finished version of the arrangement of geometric shapes.
- Then the children independently arrange the geometric shapes according to the instructions, according to the idea.
Exercises.
- How many triangles are there inside a circle? Outside the circle? How many triangles intersect a circle?
- Draw a triangle, a square and a circle so that the square is inside the triangle and the circle is outside the triangle (right, left).
- What shapes are inside another shape? Abroad? Intersecting?
- Draw a circle and a square so that the circle is part of the square; a square is part of a circle; so that they do not have common points.
- What shape can be obtained when a triangle and a rectangle intersect?
- Draw two triangles so that their intersection is a point (segment, triangle, quadrilateral).
- Draw from the description: “There was a big white house. Its roof was triangular and brown. The two large windows were rectangular and green, and the small window on the roof was yellow and round. His door was square and brown.”
Didactic games.
“What has changed in the arrangement of the figures?”
“Aliens”
Material: images of planets of different shapes, sets of the same geometric shapes of different colors and sizes. Progress: funny aliens live on mysterious planets that are shaped like geometric shapes. Their body parts have the same shape as the shape of their planets. What creatures can live on planets? Children make alien figures at speed (originality).
“Let’s decorate the mittens”, “Let’s decorate the scarf”, “Rug”, “Ornament”, “Let’s decorate the napkin”
Using a set of geometric shapes of different shapes, colors, sizes, children create patterns according to the model, continue the pattern started by the teacher, and come up with their own patterns.
"Visual dictation"
Materials: sets of geometric shapes, blank cards, cards with geometric shapes. Progress: children receive blank cards with sets of geometric shapes. The teacher shows a jacket with a geometric pattern, which the children lay out on their blank cards. Options: children lay out a pattern according to the sample; Children are shown the pattern for a few seconds and then they reconstruct it from memory.
V
group. Exercises aimed at developing intellectual operations and logical thinking.
- In these exercises, children learn to carry out elementary analysis, comparison, generalization, classification by properties and relationships between geometric figures.
Exercises.
- How are the figures similar and how are they different?
AND ? AND ? AND ?
- And change the shape of the figure; shape and color; color and size (game "Factory").
- Continue the series: the next figure should be:
- Same color but different shape
- Same shape, but different color
- Other shape and different size
- Divide the figures into groups: what goes with what.
- How were the figures divided into groups?
- How are groups of figures different?
- Find the extra figure.
- Find the mistake in the row of figures:
- What is missing?
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Game GUESS THE FIGURE BY THE RIDDLE
Target:
· development of analytical and synthetic activity based on the ability to characterize a figure using known characteristics and find a figure based on its characteristics.
Option 1 – an application from the previous game is used to develop logic.
The teacher, using the “color”, “shape”, “size” signs and an application from the previous lesson, makes a riddle about one of the residents of this city. For example: “This figure is round in shape, red in color, and large in size.” Children guess the riddle and show it. After which the children make and guess riddles themselves.
Option 2 – use a set of colored figures (for each child).
The child selects any figure from the set with his eyes and, using the signs “COLOR”, “SHAPE”, “SIZE”, composes a story about it. For example: “My figure is pentagonal in shape, green in color, and small in size.” Everyone else must select the desired figure from their set and, at the teacher’s command (on the count of “One-two-three”), show it. The child who composed the story checks.
Didactic game "Entertaining figures".
Multifunctional didactic game “Entertaining Figures” for senior preschool age.
The tasks that this manual helps to solve are: to form ideas about color, about geometric shapes, about size, about counting to 10, to develop visual perception, mental operations, attention, intelligence, fine motor skills, and speech. The manual can be used both in individual work with children and in group work, which helps in teaching children from 4 to 7 years old.
Options for using the game.
"Geometric Lotto"
This material may be useful for working on the development of logical thinking in children. The material can be used to consolidate knowledge about geometric shapes, to consolidate knowledge about the characteristics of figures, to highlight one of the characteristics of a figure, such as color, shape, size.
Goal: To develop logical thinking in children, children’s understanding of geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle, polygon, oval. To develop the ability to identify the main characteristics of figures: color, shape, size. Develop the ability to compose a sequence of geometric shapes. Learn to express your point of view, agreement or disagreement with a friend’s answer. Continue to develop the ability to give a complete answer to the question posed. Develop children's speech: the ability to logically and clearly express a judgment and justify their choice. Cultivate an interest in mathematics.
The game is played by 2 – 4 people. The teacher explains the rules of the game, shows the children options for laying out sequences of game pieces. At first, children definitely need the help of a teacher who can help them understand the rules of the game and explain if the child has difficulty identifying the characteristics of the figures.
There are two options for the rules of the game:
Option 1:
The figures are mixed and hidden in a bag. The first player takes any piece from the bag and places it on the table. Let's say it's a small yellow square. The next player takes another figure and looks if the figure has at least one of the characteristics (color, shape or size) that matches the previous geometric figure. Those. if the second figure is some kind of square (for example, a blue square), some yellow geometric figure (for example, a yellow circle) or any small figure (for example, a blue triangle), then it is laid out behind the previous one (like in dominoes). If none of the characteristics (color, shape, size) coincides with the previous figure, then the player takes the figure for himself. All players take turns taking pieces. Children must explain why they chose this figure and, if possible, give a complete answer. The one who ends up with fewer pieces wins.
Game PUT A FIGURE ON YOUR FLOOR
Target:
· improving the ability to perform analysis and synthesis.
Equipment:
· home applique,
· a bag with some figures from the set.
Before the game, you need to carefully look at the house and find out how the figures settled. What figures live on the first floor, on the second and on the third? Red figures settled on the first floor, triangular ones on the second, and small ones on the third. The children's task is to inhabit the house with the figure they pull out of the bag.
Before moving it in, the child must tell which floor his figure can live on and why. For example, if a child draws out a small red square, then he should have the following story: “My figure can live on the third floor, because it is small, and on the first floor, because it is red.”
Game GEOMETRIC DOMINOS
Target:
· teach how to find a similar figure based on any characteristic.
Handout:
· cards with all colored geometric shapes (24 pcs.).
Option 1 - children sit at the same table. All cards are distributed to children. The children’s task is to lay out their cards one by one, naming how their figure is similar to the last one. Only in this case can the child present his card. Whoever lays out all the pieces first wins.
Option 2 is a sign by which children must show only one figure, and it changes all the time. For example, first you need to lay out a figure that is similar in color. The next player must lay out a figure similar in shape, the next one in size, and again in color, shape and size.
Game exercise WRITE A LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS
Target:
· introduce children to the element of modeling action - coding the features of geometric shapes.
Equipment:
· applique of a house,
· sheets with a table for the number of children.
- Guys, today we will write a letter of instruction for the children of another group. What is a letter, you know, and what is an instruction? This is a letter that tells you how to assemble or do something correctly. Today we will write instructions on how to make such an application.
Children tell what shapes and in what order they need to be glued.
“We just have to write it all down.” But the problem is that the children of this group cannot read, so we will encrypt this letter using a table.
The teacher works on the board, and the children work on pieces of paper.
— Tell me, what should children consider before cutting out these shapes? (Color, shape and size.) Then let's agree that in the first column we will indicate the color, and so as not to forget, we will draw an icon. In the second column we will indicate the shape, we will draw an icon for the shape, and in the third column we will indicate the size - we will draw a size icon. We will designate everything small as a small house, and everything big as a big house.
- Let's encrypt in order all the figures that need to be cut out and pasted.
Children, together with the teacher, encrypt all the figures except the last one. Children encrypt the last figure on their own. As a result, the children end up with a letter of instruction like this.
Children begin to consciously distinguish the shapes of objects already at the 2nd year of life, but are able to remember and correctly name a circle, rectangle or square only by the age of 3. This period is the most favorable for studying elementary geometric figures.Children of this age examine objects more carefully, identifying their distinctive features such as size, color and, of course, shape. But such skills require constant training.
Classes and didactic games aimed at developing concepts about the shape of objects should be conducted weekly, gradually complicating the tasks and thereby improving the children’s skills.
The teacher must not forget that children will learn the material more easily if they have bright and beautiful toys at hand. They will not only help you focus attention, but will also develop a desire to play with them, and this is so important in early preschool age.
By the age of 4–5, children’s understanding of basic geometric shapes is much broader, so they can be introduced to objects such as rhombus and trapezoid. At the same time, you can not say the name of the figure for now, but simply identify its distinctive features.
Later, in older preschool age, children will be able to independently compare objects and find similar figures among them.
Amazing circles
Purpose of the game:
introduce children to such a geometric figure as a circle, repeat the names of primary colors (red, blue, green and yellow) and sizes of objects, develop fine motor skills of the fingers, memory, the ability to focus attention on a specific object, teach how to fold a whole from the available parts at hand ( for example, a snowman).
Equipment:
mugs cut out of paper, different colors (red, blue, yellow and green) and different sizes (large, medium and small).
Age
: 3 years.
When the children concentrate on the lesson, they should be asked what they saw on their tables, what is the name of this figure. If the guys are familiar with the circle, they will immediately give the correct answer, but if not, then you need to explain it to them.
Then the leader checks how well the kids remember the names of the colors. When the children are ready to play, you can tell the rules of the game, which consist of quickly saying the name of a certain figure, what size and color it is.
The kid who gave the most complete and correct answer becomes the leader, chooses the next figure of a certain color and asks the rest of the children to find a similar one on their table and raise it above their head, then describe its properties in detail.
Thus, the drivers are constantly changing, and the teacher has time to monitor each child.
At the end of the game, you can ask the children to assemble a snowman themselves, using only 3 circles of different sizes. Eyes, nose and mouth can be drawn with a pencil.
Progress of the game:
The teacher invites the children to play together, but first they need to take their places at the tables and carefully examine the prepared material.
Colorful squares
Purpose of the game:
introduce children to such a geometric figure as a square, repeat the names of the main colors and sizes of objects, develop fine motor skills of the fingers, memory, and observation skills.
Equipment:
cardboard squares of different colors (red, white, blue, yellow and green), different sizes (large, medium and small); several circles made of the same material; sample square measuring 30 x 30 cm.
Age
: 3 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader invites the children to listen to the rules of the game, with the help of which they will learn to correctly identify squares and find them among other figures.
To do this, the teacher shows the children a large sample square and asks them to carefully examine and tell what is special about this figure. If the children did not see that the sides of this figure are the same, then this must be mentioned, since this is the main distinguishing feature of the square.
When the children have mastered this material, you can ask them to classify all the figures on their tables into categories. Place red squares on one side, blue squares on the other, and green squares on the third. When the work is completed, the teacher should check it and praise each child.
You can give the task to distribute the available squares into groups depending on their size. Here the children will also get 3 categories.
By the end of the game, the children, as a rule, learn the name and shape of the square very well, so you can do a little test: ask the kids to mix the squares and circles together, and then in a short time arrange the circles separately and the squares separately.
Magic rectangles
Purpose of the game:
introduce the children to the rectangle, repeat the names of the primary colors (red, blue and yellow) and the sizes of objects, develop fine motor skills of the fingers, memory, and observation skills. Develop children's speech and ability to construct complex sentences.
Equipment:
rectangles cut out of cardboard, different colors (red, blue, yellow and green) and different sizes (large, medium and small) for each child; circles and squares for comparison; large rectangle 20 x 40 cm for sample.
Age
: 3 years.
Progress of the game:
Children have sets of rectangles of different sizes and colors on their tables. The teacher invites the children to carefully examine them and say which figure, studied earlier, the rectangles are more similar to - a circle or a square (the children say that they are a square).
The next step is to compare the rectangles in size and say that they can be used to build a large pyramid. You can offer to do this task yourself, but first the leader explains that the largest rectangle should be at the bottom, then a smaller one, and the smallest one at the very top.
When the children learn to select rectangles from the proposed shapes, you can invite them to play a game, the rules of which are to clap their hands when a rectangle is shown, and sit quietly if it is any other shape.
The teacher takes turns showing the children different figures, and they, in turn, clap or do not react to it, depending on what was shown.
Triangles, or roofs
Purpose of the game:
introduce children to such a geometric figure as a triangle, repeat the names of primary colors (red, blue and yellow), as well as the sizes of objects, develop memory, observation, and fine motor skills of the fingers.
Equipment:
cardboard triangles of different colors (red, blue, yellow and green) and different sizes (large, medium and small); a set of cubes of different shapes for building a house, a toy (baby elephant).
Age
: 3 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader gathers the guys together and offers to help the baby elephant build a house. To do this, you need to lay out the walls, don’t forget about the window and door. Then the teacher asks what is missing in the built house, to which the children answer: “There is no roof.” Now you should ask the guys what shape the roof should be - round or triangular. When the kids answer the question, you can ask them to choose the required cube from the set and complete the house. This is how children come to the conclusion that the triangle is similar to the roof of a house, which helps them better remember the feature of the figure.
After this, it is necessary to consolidate the children’s knowledge about the new shape of the object for them - triangular. To do this, you should offer to play together. The rules of the game are as follows: the leader shows a figure of any shape (triangle, square, circle, rectangle), and the guys find the same one in their sets and say its name. If the teacher shows a triangle, then it must be placed separately from the others. Thus, the guys get two groups of objects: triangles and all the rest.
If the children have well understood the difference between a triangle and, for example, a rectangle, then you can ask them to independently find the differences, which lie primarily in the number of sides and angles in the figure.
Build a house
Purpose of the game:
develop fine motor skills of fingers, memory, the ability to focus attention on a specific object, teach weaving with various threads, develop children’s speech, teach them to distinguish shapes such as triangle, square and rectangle.
Equipment:
cardboard plates measuring 20 x 30 cm with holes made at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other, parts for assembling the house (square, window, large triangle), thick threads for weaving, a sample of assembling the house for each child.
Age
: 3–4 years.
Progress of the game:
The teacher invites the children to carefully examine the sample that he shows to everyone, and the items that are prepared on the tables.
The next step is for the leader to choose from those offered only those parts that will be needed to assemble the house (triangle, square, rectangle). Next, you need to take a thick thread and place the square on the board so that the holes in the parts match. Now the guys carefully sew the part. Then the roof and window are attached in the same way.
Making a house in this way not only develops fine motor skills of a child’s hand, but also helps to become more attentive and learn to focus on an object for quite a long time.
Name the figure
Purpose of the game:
develop imagination, memory, attention, the ability to identify an object by its characteristics, increase children's vocabulary, develop logical thinking, systematize children's knowledge about geometric objects such as triangle, rectangle, circle and square.
Equipment:
a large sheet with drawn cats made from different geometric shapes: heads - circles, noses - triangles, eyes - ovals, mouth - rectangle, etc. You can depict several cats, made in different ways.
Age
: 4–5 years.
Progress of the game:
The teacher shows the children a poster and asks them to carefully look at the drawings, then say what is shown on them. Despite the fact that the animals are made differently, the children say that these are cats, since they have peculiar triangle ears that only these animals have.
Then the leader tells the kids that they need to name the figures that make up the cats and compare the proposed drawings with each other. Once the children have completed the tasks, you can ask them to draw any other animal on the board with chalk, using only rectangles, squares, circles and triangles. This task is quite difficult, so the kids will need the help of a teacher.
Do it yourself!
Purpose of the game:
to develop in preschoolers imagination, speech, the desire to use existing knowledge, strengthen counting skills to 10, the ability to play in a group of peers, and develop independence in collecting various geometric shapes.
Equipment:
10 counting sticks for each child, patterns for collecting square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon and trapezoid or rhombus.
Age
: 5–6 years.
Progress of the game:
The teacher gathers the children and invites them to play a game together that will require their concentration and observation. First, the children carefully examine the patterns of collecting squares, rectangles, and triangles from counting sticks (if the group of children is sufficiently developed, you can invite them to assemble a trapezoid or pentagon on their own).
Then the children pay attention to how many sticks are needed to assemble the various shapes, and begin to make squares on their own. After the teacher checks and evaluates all the work, you can begin to make a rectangle or diamond.
Thus, during one lesson, children not only assemble geometric shapes from available material, but also better assimilate their distinctive properties.
A similar game can be organized a little differently. First, you should divide the guys into 2 teams and come up with a name for each that would be related to the theme of the game. Next, the teacher offers groups of children tasks that can be as follows:
1) add as many shapes as possible from the 10 available sticks;
2) what figure can be made from 5 counting sticks? Collect it;
3) how to divide a square using 1 stick into 2 triangles?
4) try to collect 2 squares using only 7 counting sticks;
5) other tasks.
Find all the triangles
Purpose of the game:
continue to familiarize children with such geometric shapes as square, rectangle and triangle, consolidate knowledge about primary colors (red, blue, green, yellow), make children want to play together, develop thinking, memory, attention, speech.
Equipment:
an equilateral triangle with sides 30–40 cm long, drawn on whatman paper or cut out of thick cardboard. Its peculiarity is that it is divided by three thick lines emerging from the corners of the triangle; 2-3 small triangles for each baby.
Age
: 5–6 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader invites the children to look at the prepared figure and say its name. Then the teacher draws special attention to the children that this triangle is divided into parts by three lines. It is necessary to say what shapes were obtained.
If it is difficult for the children to see these triangles, then they can be painted in different colors, which will help count the number of figures obtained. When the children complete the task, you can ask them to independently put together a new shape from 2-3 triangles (this can be a triangle, a square and a rectangle).
Guess the item
Purpose of the game:
develop imagination, memory, attention, the ability to play in a group of peers, the ability to identify an object by its characteristics, increase children's vocabulary, develop logical thinking, systematize children's knowledge about geometric objects such as triangle, rectangle, circle and square.
Equipment:
several toys familiar to children, a bag in which the prepared items will be placed.
Age
: 6–7 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader invites the children to play scouts, but to do this they need to choose a driver. Then you can explain the rules of the game, which are to guess the object by touch.
The teacher brings into the group a bag of toys that the children have already seen before and are familiar with. Then the driver puts his hand into the bundle and selects one of the toys, but does not take it out, but tries to identify it by touch.
If the baby guesses what kind of item is in the bag, he takes it out and gets a chance to guess another toy, but no more than two times in a row. Then the turn passes to another participant. If the child could not guess the first time, the teacher begins to describe in detail all the properties of the object, and the rest of the participants try to guess what exactly is there.
If this game turns out to be quite simple for kids, then you can complicate it a little by putting toys in a bag that the kids have only seen a few times. If they are able to do this, then the teacher can, without showing the object, talk about it in detail, and the children ask leading questions. The child who guesses what is being said the fastest wins.
What figure is missing?
Purpose of the game:
develop memory, attention, observation, quick thinking, the ability to find small changes that have occurred in objects, repeat the names of colors and their shades, and develop children’s speech.
Equipment:
a sheet of whatman paper divided into 12 equal rectangles so that there are 4 cells horizontally and 3 vertically; 12 small cards - rectangles, squares, circles and triangles of different colors.
Age
: 6–7 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader invites the children to carefully examine the figures that lie on the tables and say their name and color.
Then the teacher, with the help of the children, fills in the empty cells of the table. To do this, the leader asks one of the children to pick up any free piece and place it in a free cell. When the cards run out, the children carefully look at the resulting canvas and remember in what order the objects are located.
After this, the leader asks the children to close their eyes for a few seconds. At this time, the teacher removes one of the cards, then invites the children to restore the order of the figures. If the guys cannot remember which figure and what color was in the cell, then they can calculate it, because there were equal numbers of all the figures and they were all different colors.
To test children's observation skills, you can place 2 identical cards in the cells while the children close their eyes, and then ask them to find them. The fastest, most observant and dexterous guys win the game.
Find the odd one out
Purpose of the game:
teach children to group objects according to common characteristics, develop the ability to identify objects that do not meet certain requirements.
Equipment:
various geometric shapes for hanging on a magnetic board - squares of different sizes, rectangles, quadrangles and pentagons of different shapes, equilateral, isosceles, rectangular triangles, circles, ovals, etc.
Age
: 6–7 years.
Progress of the game:
The leader places the prepared geometric figures one at a time on the magnetic board and asks the children to say what they are called. The teacher then places several shapes in a row (for example, a square, a quadrilateral, a diamond, and a triangle) and then asks what is missing. If the guys find it difficult to answer, then the leader can offer to count the number of sides and angles of the proposed figures.
At the next stage, the teacher lays out the geometric shapes in a different order (for example, among triangles of different shapes he places a circle or an oval) and invites the children to determine what is superfluous there and why. You can offer other combinations of figures:
1) circles, ovals of different sizes and a square;
2) quadrangles, and triangle, pentagons;
3) rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid and triangle;
4) other options.
A similar game can be played not only with geometric shapes, but also with various objects that have different properties.
Game exercise COMPARE TWO FIGURES
Target:
· bring children to the need to highlight the basis of comparison when comparing two figures;
· introduce children to the comparison algorithm.
Equipment:
cards with signs of geometric shapes,
· a set of colored figures according to the number of children.
— Guys, one week ago, an argument arose between two boys. One boy said that these two figures were the same, and the other said they were different. (Shows two circles that differ in color.) Which one do you think is right? - Both are right, since they are the same in shape and size, but different in color. - So what will determine the correctness of the answer? ... Probably, on what basis will we compare them? Now I will show you two more figures. Tell me, how are these figures similar and how are they different? (Cards with signs of figures hang on the board.)
Working with a set of colored shapes:
- Show two figures that are similar only in color; only form; only in size. — Show the two most dissimilar figures. - Choose any two figures from the set and write a story about them, that is, tell how they differ and how they are similar.
Didactic game on geometry for children of the younger group of preschool educational institutions
Didactic game for younger preschoolers “Gifts”
Description: This game is intended to consolidate and generalize knowledge about geometric shapes in children of primary preschool age. Goal: systematization of knowledge about the completed geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, square, oval, heart) Objectives : - Teach children to differentiate the shapes of objects, name them correctly - Develop the ability to correlate shapes and objects similar in shape - Strengthen ideas about the basic geometric shapes, colors - Promote the development of motor skills - Expand the active and passive vocabulary of students - Strengthen the skills of counting objects (counting within 6) - Develop patience, diligence and accuracy in work Necessary materials: printouts of boxes and objects of various shapes, clothespins
This game can be used as an element of holiday classes (New Year, March 8, February 23) or various game plots (doll, bear birthday), as well as in final classes to consolidate and generalize knowledge about the geometric shapes covered. Progress of the game : Teacher: Guys, today is our doll Masha’s birthday. And you and I need to prepare gifts for her and wrap them beautifully. Look what boxes we have (We show the children boxes of different shapes one by one, explain) This box is round, this one is square, and this one is triangular. For now, the boxes are empty, and you and I need to arrange the gifts beautifully and correctly. We will put objects of the same shape in each box (we show the first picture) This is a ball. The ball is round, put it in the same box. And this is a cube. What kind of figure does it look like, which box should we put it in? (then we show pictures one at a time, ask you to name the object and its shape, try to activate adjectives in your speech - round apple, triangular pyramid, square rug)
We select the number of form boxes and pictures depending on the age and knowledge of the students. You can play both frontally (students collect gift pictures in a box of the same shape) and individually (all students have different shapes and different pictures). After all the pictures are collected, close the box with a clothespin (you can look for the same color as the box).
The ending of the game can be different - you can ask the children to remember and name which items were in the box (after the children answer, we open the boxes and check) You can count how many gifts there are in which box, compare which ones are more, which ones are smaller. Or you can play a dramatization game, for example, congratulating a friend of a friend on the New Year. We divide the students into pairs and distribute boxes of gifts. Everyone “opens” their box, saying a simple congratulation, for example, “Dear Sasha! I wish you a Happy New Year and I want to give you a balloon and a watch.” The second student thanks, opens his gift and also tells what he will give to his friend. Here are examples of some pictures, and if you are interested in this game, I will be happy to share the full archive.
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Game PATH OF FIGURES
Target:
· improving the comparison action.
Handout:
cardboard islands
· models of three heroes,
· sets of colored geometric shapes according to the number of children.
The game takes place on the carpet. The carpet is a big swamp. The children's task is to help any three heroes get across this swamp. There are islands in the middle of the swamp. Children, laying out a path between islands of colored geometric shapes, help each hero individually.
For the first character, you need to lay out the path so that the neighboring figures are necessarily different in color. Before the hero walks along the path, the teacher or one of the children checks whether the path has been laid out correctly. For the second hero, neighboring figures should differ in color and shape, and for the third – in color, shape and size.
Game RECOGNIZE THE FIGURE
Target:
· improvement of action analysis and synthesis;
· formation of the concept of the negation of a certain attribute.
Handout:
· set of colored geometric shapes,
· three cards (on one side - plus, on the other - minus).
- First you need to remember the first question. Is the figure a circle?
So that the children do not forget the question, a circle is drawn on the board. What could be the answer? "Yes or no".
- You will show the answer “yes” with a card with a “+” sign, and the answer “no” with a “-” sign. Now I will show you the figure, and you will answer this question using the card. - And now, on the contrary, I will answer this question myself, and you will show a figure that is suitable for this answer.
The teacher draws a “plus” and then a “minus” on the board.
— Now the game is complicated by the second question. Is the figure red? (A red spot is drawn on the board.) And now you will need to answer two questions at once - with two cards, laying them out on the desk.
The principle of the game is the same: first, the children are shown a figure, they, in turn, answer two questions using cards, then the teacher draws codes for different answers (+-; ++; +-; —), and the children show the desired figure.
The game is then made more difficult by the third question: “Is the piece large?”
Possible codes: (+++) (++-) (+—) (+-+) (—) (-+-).
Progress of the game.
The game is played with one table. The rest can be covered with a blank sheet of paper. The adult suggests carefully examining the geometric shapes , tracing the contours of the shapes , and naming them. In one lesson you can show your child 2-3 tables.
Game “Find an object of the same shape”
An adult has geometric shapes : circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle, etc.
He shows the child one of the figures , for example, a circle. The child must name an object of the same shape.
Game "Guess what's hidden"
On the table in front of the child are cards depicting geometric shapes . The child examines them carefully. Then the child is asked to close his eyes, the adult hides one card. After the conventional sign, the child opens his eyes and says what is hidden.
Didactic game “Only one property”
Goal: to consolidate knowledge of the properties of geometric shapes , develop the ability to quickly select the desired shape , and characterize it.
