Structure and methodology of morning exercises in all age groups of preschool educational institutions

Morning exercises as part of the educational process in kindergarten

All parents know the importance of doing physical exercise after waking up. But in modern life it is not always possible to maintain the correct daily routine. Admission of children to kindergarten begins at 7:00, and parents bring many children without exercise and without breakfast. Therefore, the approximate start of a weekday for preschoolers is as follows:

• 6:30–7:00 — get up, morning toilet at home;
• 7:00–8:10 — admission to the kindergarten group;
• 8:10–8:30 — morning exercises;
• 8:30–9:00 – breakfast.

What is charging for? - This is not a riddle at all - To develop strength And not get tired all day.

P. A. Sinyavsky

Morning exercises are designed to invigorate children and provide a positive emotional mood

Children should grow up healthy so that the necessary skills and abilities are easily formed and their abilities are actively developed. A healthy child is receptive to learning, understands the requirements of the teacher, and his natural interest in learning is strengthened. Therefore, exercise is a regular activity in kindergarten. The goals of morning (hygienic) gymnastics in preschool educational institutions are to preserve and strengthen the physical and mental health of preschoolers and create a positive emotional tone.

Doing exercises strengthens both physical and mental health - the child experiences positive emotions

Morning exercises are part of children’s physical activity regimen. It is a set of physical exercises for muscles and joints. Exercises for preschoolers are often supplemented with elements of breathing exercises and finger games. Morning exercises can be combined with hardening techniques. In addition to health-saving functions, exercise plays a significant role in the development of mental processes, communication abilities, and the expansion of cognitive interests. Morning exercises are one of the tools for raising a comprehensively developed personality.

In the process of performing exercises, preschoolers train attentiveness

Interesting fact. During exercise, endorphin is actively produced - the hormone of joy. It is responsible for a good mood and blocks negative emotions.

Table: tasks of morning exercises in different kindergarten groups

Doing morning exercises helps the body wake up

Types of morning exercises

Complexes of morning exercises are implemented according to general principles:

• accessibility: exercises and games correspond to the physical training of preschool children, explanations and demonstrations are clear;
• efficiency and benefits: exercise develops children, improves their physical condition;
• positivity: preschool children do exercises for a good mood; if the child is not inclined to physical activity (sick, upset), he is not forced to exercise.

For exercise to become a habit among children, it must captivate them and bring joy. To create sustainable motivation for preschoolers to do morning exercises, the teacher selects interesting exercises, conducts classes in a playful way, or uses unusual equipment. Let's take a closer look at what exercises are like in kindergarten.

General developmental gymnastics is a simple set of exercises, not united by any plot, aimed at stimulating motor activity. Performing movements, as a rule, takes place according to poetic texts or to musical accompaniment. Audio exercises are carried out in kindergarten from the first junior group; the melody helps children feel the pace of movements. Morning exercises can be performed with live accompaniment in the music room or using audio recordings.

Video: morning exercises “Pioneer Dawn”

“Pioneer Dawn” was familiar to all children in the USSR. Every morning, the cheerful voice of the announcer on the All-Union radio greeted the Octobrists and Pioneers. Pleasant instrumental music sounded and clear commands for movements were given. Currently, the activities of the pioneer organization are being rethought and reassessed; the movement continues to exist, preserving the time-tested methods of Soviet pedagogy. Classical exercises accompanied by upbeat music are carried out in kindergartens and schools.

Physical and play exercises can be combined by a theme in accordance with the work program. Thematic gymnastics in kindergarten is associated with the natural calendar and holidays: “Autumn”, “Winter”, “Spring”, “February 23”, “March 8”, “Cosmonautics Day”, etc. Songs, melodies, and poetic material are devoted to the general theme , attributes, role masks or caps.

Video: themed morning exercises “Winter” in the middle group

Plot exercises are a set of exercises united by a theme or built on a simple plot. Younger preschoolers love stories and poems about animals; “Bird exercises” and “Exercise about animals” are held with them. For older children, the complexes “Training of future cosmonauts”, “Atty-bats, we are soldiers”, “Sea voyage” are interesting. Exercises in story gymnastics are connected by a fictional story or an educational story: about the habits of animals and birds, about service in the army and navy, about the training of astronauts, etc.

Video: morning exercises “Journey to Murland” for children 3–4 years old

“Journey to Murland” is an excellent example of morning exercises for young children. The teacher prepared a set of exercises together with the music director: during exercises, wonderful rhythmic melodies are heard and songs are sung. The room is decorated with images of cats and plush toys. Mustaches are drawn on the faces of the children and the teacher. The children happily strive to get to a magical land, completing tasks for this purpose, and themselves “reincarnate” into kittens.

Morning exercises on beds and pajama exercises are exercises that are performed immediately after waking up. This type of charging is possible in 24-hour preschool educational institutions and five-day kindergartens, where preschoolers spend the full day, including staying overnight. Pajama gymnastics helps the whole body wake up: tissues and internal organs are actively saturated with oxygen - the muscles and brain become toned. They won’t say about a child doing gymnastics immediately after getting up: “They lifted him up, but they forgot to wake him up.”

Video: gymnastics after sleep in kindergarten

Awakening gymnastics is also carried out in the middle of the day - after a quiet hour. The same sets of exercises for the first and second half of the day are used - aimed at gently awakening the body. As shown in the video, it is correct to perform the exercises while listening to quiet, slow music. You can use audio recordings of natural sounds with instrumental accompaniment (bird songs, sounds of the forest, the sound of rain or sea).

Non-traditional exercises include gymnastic complexes using unusual equipment. These are homemade items from waste material: expanders, sensory mats and tracks, rattles, dumbbells made from plastic bottles. Under the supervision of a physical education instructor, exercises are carried out with elements of aerobics (on step platforms) and the use of sports equipment (mini-trampolines, treadmills).

Video: morning exercises on step platforms in the preparatory group

As we can see, the exercises are carried out by an instructor in the gym. The step platform seems like a simple attribute. But incorrect aerobic exercise technique can lead to excessive stress on the joints and even injuries. To carry out such exercises, consultation with a physical trainer is not enough; constant monitoring of aerobic activity is necessary.

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Morning exercises at a preschool educational institution. (The meaning and objectives of morning exercises; structure and content of training exercises; features of the selection of exercises for morning exercises; dosage of physical activity: amount of physical exercise, duration; forms of morning exercises: rhythmic, outdoor games, obstacle course, etc.). Gymnastics after sleep. (The meaning and objectives of gymnastics after sleep; features of organization, content; requirements for the venue).

SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES

The main task of morning exercises is to put the child in a cheerful state, to activate and facilitate the transition to more intense activity . Thanks to morning exercises, all physiological processes are enhanced - breathing, blood circulation, metabolism, the nutrition of all organs and systems is improved, which creates conditions for increasing efficiency. Motor activity brings various analyzers into an active state.

Incorporating and performing daily exercises for all muscle groups helps strengthen them. For example, the use of exercises that bring the shoulder blades together strengthens the muscles of the back and abdomen, develops correct posture in children, and helps straighten the spine. Introducing exercises to strengthen the arch of the foot prevents flat feet. The hardening effect is also significant both during the morning exercises itself and in combination with hardening procedures.

Morning exercises create an organized start, a smooth, cheerful mood for those involved: highly excited children are calmed down by actions at a given pace, and anemic children are drawn into a certain rhythm of work. Therefore, after morning exercises preschoolers are more balanced , their faces are satisfied and joyful . By increasing the vitality of the body, morning exercises create favorable conditions for further activities and have a beneficial effect on the development of organization, discipline, and endurance; promotes strict adherence to the daily routine.

The importance of morning exercises primarily determined by increasing the vital activity of the whole organism. The work of the muscular system activates the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, disinhibits the nervous system, creates conditions for good mental performance, for the transition to an active state of the whole organism.

Morning exercises are also valuable because children develop the habit and need to do physical exercise every day in the morning.

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF MORNING GYMNASTICS

The content of morning exercises consists of 3-4 general developmental exercises, walking, running and jumping. Morning exercises are short - 5-12 minutes.

As a rule, morning exercises begin with walking , which affects all muscle groups, gradually involving all body systems, but the load on it is insignificant. In order to warm up the foot and increase its flexibility, walking is included in different ways .

Since morning exercises are a daily form of work , it is advisable to diversify the placement of children in space while walking : use movement in a snake, zigzag, two columns in different directions, diagonally, etc. This will relieve the monotony and monotony of activities; the physiological load will be determined by the distance traveled; the psychological load will increase, which will cause concentration in children. It is important that are familiar with the ways of moving in space .

The dictation method of presenting tasks enlivens perception and attention .

After walking, a short run at a moderate pace may be suggested . It is most often used if children are lethargic, sleepy, or if the room is cool.

Running is replaced by walking and changing lanes to perform general developmental exercises .

The number of exercises, their content and sequence correspond to the requirements included in the complex of general developmental exercises for physical education classes. But due to the fact that it is necessary to induce a cheerful, animated state in children, the exercises should be performed at a fast pace , and therefore should include already learned movements that do not require much mental effort. It is important that these exercises are given in a lively, interesting, cheerful manner.

After all muscle groups have been warmed up and the physiological load has increased , the peak of the physiological curve , which occurs during jumping in place and fast running .

In older groups, you can change the load not only due to the number of jumps and flight height, but also use jumps alternately on one and the other leg, jumps with different leg positions.

After jumping, walking or dance movements are suggested to reduce physiological stress .

At the end of morning exercises, you can use special breathing exercises with a slow, long exhalation in the form of reading a quatrain in one or two breaths or game exercises (“The tire went flat,” “The ball burst,” etc.).

A set of morning exercises is made up of exercises in a given sequence, which can be performed for two weeks in a row without significant changes. Then it is replaced by another complex, and you can return to the original complex after 2-3 months.

Various forms of morning exercises :

- traditional form using general developmental exercises;

- playing out some plot : “On a walk”, .. “We went to the meadow”, “Sparrows”, etc.;

- gaming in nature (from 3-4 outdoor games). This form of morning exercises is used on holidays, when matinees are held, and children come to kindergarten excited and dressed up.

It is carried out as follows. For example, first they conduct a round dance game, general developmental exercises with the inclusion of the games “Photographer”, “Entertainers” (the teacher shows the exercises, and the children copy him). For the peak of physical activity, high-intensity active play is used, and morning exercises end with sedentary play;

- using elements of rhythmic gymnastics , dance movements, round dances . Regularly performing exercises to the rhythm of dance increases vigor, improves posture, promotes the comprehensive development of children, accustoms them to a sense of rhythm, and creates interest in doing morning exercises.;

— recreational running (carried out on a site for 3-5 minutes with a gradual increase in distance, intensity, time);

— using an obstacle course (you can create various obstacle courses using a variety of modules );

- using the simplest exercise equipment (children's expander, gymnastic roller, etc.) and complex exercise equipment (Bicycle, Rowing, Treadmill, Trampoline, etc.)

Morning exercises are carried out outdoors in the warm season , and under appropriate conditions - throughout the year.

In this case, general developmental exercises can be performed in motion . Jumping and speed running can be replaced by endurance running . By the end of the year, the dosage of this run can be: in the junior group - 80 m (1 min), in the middle group - 160 m (1.5 min), in the senior group - 240 m (2 min), in the preparatory group - 320-340 m ( 2.5-3 min).

It should be taken into account that it is advisable to move, using the entire territory of the kindergarten, and even run beyond its borders, to the neighboring park. The interest in this kind of running is much higher, and children get great pleasure from changing the route of movement. In this case, a child who has experience running at a moderate pace is appointed as a guide, and the others do not have the right to overtake the person running in front, and the teacher himself runs at the end of the column to keep all the children in sight. About 20-30 meters before the kindergarten gate on the way back, you can allow those who wish to run at a fast pace.

Methodology for morning exercises in kindergarten

Morning exercises are carried out by the teacher according to pre-compiled complexes. Physical exercises and outdoor games are consistent with the physical development program: children perform familiar movements and are not taught new games during exercise. Gymnastic complexes include:

• general developmental exercises for large and small muscles;
• breathing exercises and exercises to strengthen the cardiovascular system;
• drills and games: formation, formation, turns.

For each kindergarten group, 10–12 sets of morning exercises are planned. They are repeated throughout the school year with gradual complication of the exercises, supplemented with new images, poetic texts, and music.

Morning exercises include drill exercises, for example, formation in columns

Table: stages of morning exercises

While performing gymnastic exercises, children work out various muscle groups.

Recommendations for charging

Morning exercises are carried out in a spacious, bright room - in a group, music or gym. The room is well ventilated before the lesson begins. The teacher and students wear comfortable clothes and shoes, preferably sportswear. Gymnastics after waking up (in 24-hour gardens) is carried out without first changing clothes - next to the beds, in pajamas or T-shirts.

Clothes for exercise should be comfortable, the same sports uniform on students looks aesthetically pleasing

In the warm season, morning exercises are recommended to be done in the fresh air - on a group site. The nature and intensity of the exercises are selected by the teacher in accordance with the temperature and clothing of the children: the colder it is outside, the more active the physical activity. In autumn, with the onset of frost and winter, exercises are carried out outside with sufficiently prepared children for the purpose of hardening.

During the warm season, the teacher and children perform morning exercises at the preschool site

The teacher does exercises together with younger preschoolers: children repeat the movements of the adult. Starting from the middle group, the teacher gives a verbal description of the exercises, draws attention to difficult movements and demonstrates the technique. Children 4–7 years old do morning exercises on their own (unless a lesson with special unfamiliar equipment/simulators is provided). One of the students is selected to demonstrate the movements. The teacher monitors all children’s exercises and corrects technical errors in movements individually. The teacher does a separate exercise with the children when he feels the need to remind them of the movements (for example, based on the name of the exercise, the children did not remember all the movements or they confuse the order of actions).

Senior preschoolers perform gymnastic exercises without the instructor demonstrating the movements

During morning exercises, the teacher uses oral counting and verbal instructions, alternates them, thereby asking ri, “right-right, left-left” (bending the body). When the instructor becomes an observer, he must continue to count (this cannot be entrusted to the child demonstrating the movements). In older groups, gestures are added to verbal instructions: moving the hand down - the children squat down, hand up - they stand in the starting position.

For different age groups, exercises are selected that are accessible to all children. They begin to complete each task simultaneously, counting with verbal instructions. The younger ones finish performing and rest, the older ones do additional approaches to count.

When one of the students demonstrates the movements, the rhythm of the exercise is set by the teacher using mental counting.

Table: examples of thematic complexes for different age groups

Duration of morning exercises

The total duration of the exercise (from the signal to gather to the command to disperse after gymnastics) is determined by the age of the children:

• in the first younger group - 4–5 minutes;
• in the second youngest - 5–6 minutes;
• on average - 6–8 minutes;
• in the older ones - 8–10 minutes;
• in the preparatory room - 10–12 minutes.

The pace of morning exercises is high. As little time as possible is allocated for demonstrating movements, verbal instructions, and distributing attributes. The older the students, the shorter the interval between exercises.

The distribution of equipment should take a minimum of time, so simple items for charging are selected (for example, a rope with a load)

Table: approximate time plan for morning exercises “Barbariki” in the first junior group

Table: approximate time plan for morning exercises “SDA” in the senior group

Table: summary of the exercise “Morning exercises with the cat Leopold” (fragment)

The importance of morning exercises for preschool children. Physical education material on the topic

The meaning of morning exercises, its tasks.

Daily morning exercises at a certain time in a hygienic environment, properly selected sets of physical exercises, disinhibit the nervous system of children after sleep, activate the activity of all internal organs and systems, increase physiological metabolic processes, increase the excitability of the cerebral cortex, as well as the reactivity of the entire central nervous system . The flow of impulses going to the brain from all receptors - visual, auditory, musculoskeletal, skin - increases the vital activity of the body as a whole.

Regular exercise in the fresh air helps to harden the child’s body and develop resistance to various adverse environmental influences. The introduction of corrective exercises into complexes contributes to the formation of the arch of the foot and correct posture. Thus, morning exercises are a multifaceted physical education and health process that systematically improves the health of the child’s body.

In addition to its health benefits, morning exercises also have great educational value. Its systematic implementation instills in children the habit of doing physical exercise every day, teaches them to start their work day in an organized manner, act in a coordinated manner in a team, be purposeful, attentive, self-controlled, and also evokes positive emotions and a joyful feeling.

In addition, daily performance of certain sets of physical exercises helps improve motor abilities in children, develops physical qualities (strength, agility, flexibility), improves the functioning of coordination mechanisms, and contributes to the acquisition of knowledge in the field of physical education.

Morning exercises are a valuable means of improving the health and education of children. Those who systematically engage in morning exercises lose their drowsiness, feel cheerful, experience an emotional upsurge, and improve their performance. The need to get out of bed immediately after waking up and start doing exercises requires a certain volitional effort, develops perseverance, and disciplines children.

Thus, morning exercises face very special tasks, namely: to “wake up” the child’s body, set it up in an effective way, diversify but moderately influence the muscular system, activate the activity of the cardiac, respiratory and other functions of the body, stimulate the work of internal organs and sensory organs, promote the formation of correct posture, good gait, and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.

Morning exercises are also valuable because children develop the habit and need to do physical exercise every day in the morning. This useful habit remains with a person for life.

Morning exercises allow you to start the day in an organized manner in kindergarten and promote strict adherence to the daily routine.

Morning hygienic exercises, or exercises as they are called, should be performed immediately after sleep. But this can only be done in kindergartens with night groups. In preschool institutions with daytime children, morning exercises according to the daily routine are carried out before breakfast after the children have already been quite active, varied activities. In these conditions, gymnastics also pursues the goals of organizing a children's team, switching children's attention from free, individual games and activities to joint activities.

Due to the simultaneous joint moderate motor activity, more excited children, who have already run and jumped, calm down, while less active children become more active. All this creates an even, cheerful mood in all children, preparing them for subsequent classes. Thus, the educational value of morning exercises, when carried out not immediately after sleep, but after some time, expands. It becomes an integral organizing moment in the daily routine, teaching children to a certain discipline and order.

At the same time, the enormous health value of morning exercises remains. Daily physical exercise has a beneficial effect on the physical development and functional state of the child’s body. The content of gymnastics consists of exercises for various muscle groups (shoulder girdle, torso, legs, etc.). Their systematic repetition strengthens the child’s motor system. Exercises are widely included to prevent poor posture and prevent flat feet. Running and jumping further enhance breathing and circulation, cardiac activity and other physiological functions. All this contributes to the normal functioning of the body and increases its performance.

Structure and content of morning exercises

Any physical activity, including morning exercises, begins with a warm-up and ends with recovery exercises. Since morning exercises are not long (5 - 12 minutes) and the physical activity involved is not great, this requirement is observed as a general principle.

In daytime kindergarten groups, morning exercises as an obligatory part of the daily routine are carried out every day before breakfast.

In the summer, morning exercises are carried out outdoors on the playground, and in rainy weather - on the terrace. In winter, a gym or group room is used for morning exercises, the air temperature of which should not exceed 16 degrees C. Before classes, the room is well ventilated and wet cleaned.

Morning exercises are conventionally divided into three parts: introductory, main and final. Each part has its own tasks and content. In the first, introductory part, they organize the attention of children, teach them coordinated actions, develop correct posture and prepare the body for performing more complex exercises. For this purpose, they include: formations (in a column, in a line); drill exercises (turns and half-turns to the left, right, around); rebuilding from one column into two, from two columns into four, into a circle, several circles, closing and opening with side steps; short walking, alternating with exercises that help strengthen the musculoskeletal system and the formation of posture (walking on toes, with different positions of the arms, walking with high knees, on the heels, in a cross step); running one after another and scattered or in combination with jumping. The duration of the introductory part lasts on average from 1 to 2 minutes.

In the second, main part, the tasks are set to strengthen the main muscle groups and form correct posture. To solve this problem, perform general developmental exercises in a certain sequence. First, exercises to strengthen the shoulder girdle and arms, which promote expansion of the chest, good straightening of the spine, and development of the respiratory muscles. Then exercises for the trunk muscles. This is followed by exercises to develop the leg muscles and strengthen the arch of the foot. After heavy-load exercises, you should repeat the first exercise or a similar one. The number of repetitions of each exercise depends on the age of the children and their physical fitness.

After completing all general developmental exercises, young children perform jumping or running, which turns into a final walk. Older children perform jumping combined with running, then a final walk with various tasks. The final part of the gymnastics involves walking or sedentary play to restore pulse and breathing.

Selection of exercises, compilation of complexes

The content of morning exercises, as a rule, includes exercises previously learned with children in class, or simple exercises that do not require lengthy learning. During morning exercises, children practice movements. But in order for the exercises to have the desired effect on the child, it is important to achieve clarity, precision of the movements performed, and their sufficient intensity.

The combination of physical exercises, selected in a certain order, makes up the so-called complex. The same complex is repeated throughout the week. If individual exercises of the complex do not lead to the desired results, are too simple, uninteresting or boring for children, they can, at the discretion of the teacher, be replaced with others of the same type or become more complicated by introducing new starting points. Changing the tempo and increasing the number of repetitions of exercises within the complex is also acceptable. The implementation of complexes must be alternated with and without benefits. Children of the first and second junior groups are given exercises with flags, rattles, and cubes. In the middle group - with flags, cubes, ribbons, small hoops, sticks, and a circular rope. Older children should be able to do exercises with different aids: with hoops, gymnastic sticks, balls of different sizes, jump ropes, circular rope, ribbons.

Performing exercises with aids increases children's interest in activities, improves the quality of their performance, teaches them to master objects, and promotes the formation of correct posture.

Including exercises to shape children's posture and strengthen the feet is mandatory. Typically, a set of general developmental exercises for morning exercises is taken from physical education classes; the exercises are selected from those recommended by the program and methodological manuals. The duration, nature, content of morning exercises, and dosage of exercises are different for children of different age groups.

Thus, when selecting general developmental exercises, it is necessary to be guided by the following requirements: exercises must be for all muscle groups, from different starting positions, of different intensity, tempo; with various aids, rhythmic and musical accompaniment, in various formations and always interesting for children.

Various forms of morning exercises are used:

– traditional form using general developmental exercises;

- playing out some plot: “On a walk”, “We went to the meadow”, “Sparrows”, etc.;

– gaming nature (from 3-4 outdoor games);

– using elements of rhythmic gymnastics, dance movements, round dances;

– recreational running (carried out on a site for 3-5 minutes with a gradual increase in distance, intensity, time);

– using an obstacle course (you can create different obstacle courses using a variety of modules);

– using the simplest exercise equipment (children’s expander, gymnastic roller, etc.) and complex exercise equipment (“Bicycle”, “Rowing”, “Treadmill”, “Trampoline”, etc.) [4]

Conditions for morning exercises.

Morning exercises can be carried out outdoors (in the kindergarten area, on the sports ground) or in a well-ventilated room (physical education, music halls, group rooms). It is necessary to comply with hygienic requirements for clothing, shoes, venue, and equipment. For rhythmic accompaniment, a tambourine, counting, clapping, sound recording, and musical accompaniment (piano, button accordion, accordion) are used.

Since morning exercises in kindergarten are considered as an important element of the motor regime, a means for raising the emotional tone of children, its organizational significance is also great. And yet there should be no forced gymnastics. If one of the children does not want to study today, there is no need to force him, but the reason for such behavior should be understood. Here are some tips for doing morning exercises with children:

* No overorganization, strict rules or discipline requirements! It is necessary to ensure complete relaxation in behavior, an elevated emotional state and real joy of movement.

*Remember that gymnastics is not only and not so much a physical education event, but a specially provided regime moment, where a whole range of influences on the diverse development of children is concentrated (movement, music, rhythms, aesthetics of the environment, aids, communication, play).

*Use different forms of gymnastics.

Text material for morning exercises in preschool educational institutions

Like any type of children's activity, exercise is accompanied by verbal creativity. Children's folklore exists in outdoor games and morning exercises in the form of short rhythmic texts. With their help, preschoolers invite their friends to exercise, encourage them to do productive work, accompany marching, greet each other and say goodbye.

Morning exercises, unfortunately, exist as an activity organized by an adult. Rhymes and mottos are passed down not from child to child, but from a teacher or parent to the younger generation. Therefore, in kindergarten, the teacher encourages children to memorize and repeat texts so that one day they can use them in doing gymnastics with their children.

Cheers for exercises can be used in the design of a sports corner in a group

Examples of chants for morning exercises in kindergarten:

• In order to grow and harden, not by the day, but by the hour, we need to do physical education.
• Accustom yourself to order, do exercises every day. Laugh, laugh more, you will be healthier.
• Everyone knows, everyone understands that it’s nice to be healthy. You just need to know how to become healthy.
• Let them fly to our room. All the snowflakes are white! We're not cold at all - We've done our exercises.
• The tough kids came out onto the playground. The tough kids did their exercises.
• Exercise is useful for everyone, Everyone needs exercise. She saves us from laziness and illness.
• Do exercises every day: fatigue, lethargy, laziness will go away.
• If someone runs away from exercise without looking back, He will not become a real strongman!

Children love sayings. Saying or shouting the motto in chorus is fun, at least. And most importantly, there is a sense of group cohesion, thanks not only to the phrase spoken by everyone together, but also to work towards a common important goal - maintaining health.

Table: examples of thematic poems for exercises (compiled based on open access materials)

Morning exercises are a system of specially selected exercises aimed at strengthening large muscle groups and improving the health of the body. Morning exercises create an organized start, a smooth, cheerful mood for those involved: highly excited children are calmed down by actions at a given pace, and sedentary children are drawn into a certain rhythm of work. Therefore, after morning exercises, preschoolers are more balanced, their faces are satisfied and joyful.

By increasing the vitality of the body, morning exercises create favorable conditions for further activities and have a beneficial effect on the development of organization, discipline, and endurance.

As a rule, morning exercises begin with walking, which affects all muscle groups, gradually involving all body systems, but the load on it is insignificant. In order to warm up the foot and increase its flexibility, walking is performed in different ways. Since morning exercises are a daily form of work, it is advisable to diversify the placement of children in space while walking: use movement like a snake, two columns in different directions, diagonally, etc. this will relieve monotony.

The importance of morning exercises is primarily determined by increasing the vital activity of the whole organism. The work of the muscular system activates the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, disinhibits the nervous system, creates conditions for good mental performance, for the transition to an active state of the whole organism.

The joy of muscle sensations and the pleasure of morning exercises create the conditions for preparing preschoolers to do exercises on their own. The development of certain knowledge and skills sufficient for the emergence and independent implementation of the need for physical exercise will help solve the problem of educating children in the need for systematic morning exercises.

The basis of morning exercises is a set of general developmental exercises, which includes 6-8 exercises and involves repeating each of them 6-8 times. The effectiveness of the impact is achieved not so much due to the number of exercises and number of repetitions, but rather due to the quality of execution. A clear action in a given direction, with a certain amplitude, the necessary tension and relaxation of various muscle groups, adherence to rhythm and tempo not only ensure an increase in the performance of the child’s body, but also contributes to the development of coordination in children, influence the formation of correct posture and the physical development of the child as a whole. .

Structure of morning exercises:

1. Introductory part: exercises for the prevention of flat feet, walking.

2. The main part is general developmental exercises; fast running, jumping in place.

3. final part - walking, dance movements, special breathing exercises with a slow long exhalation in the form of reading a quatrain in one or two breaths or game exercises (“the tire went flat”, “the ball burst”).

Morning exercises can be carried out in the form of games and play exercises. To enhance physical activity, a high-intensity outdoor game is carried out, and the morning exercises end with a sedentary game.

Morning exercises are carried out outdoors in the warm season, and under appropriate conditions - throughout the year.

Jumping and speed running can be replaced by endurance running.

The first skills of independently performing morning exercises can be developed by assigning the child to carry out this or that exercise with other children. For example, if there are 6 exercises in a complex, then six children are invited from the group. They stand in a line in front of the others, and each performs only his own exercise from the complex. Then one child is assigned to carry out the entire complex of morning exercises.

The dosage of the load is determined by the musical accompaniment. Subsequently, you can instruct the children to do morning exercises on weekends with their parents or siblings (after appropriate work with the parents), and then ask them to tell the MBOU about it.

General requirements for morning exercises.

Morning exercises are a set of specially selected exercises aimed at solving health-improving, educational and educational problems. It is designed to positively set the child up for the entire coming day. Morning exercises acquire their significance if they are carried out systematically.

Morning exercises are carried out before breakfast. After it is completed, it is necessary to provide some time for the child’s body to transition from motor activity to digestion mode, that is, one should not immediately after completing the lesson proceed to eating or sit down at the table. It is useful to carry out water procedures after gymnastics, which will serve to harden the child’s body. In the warm season, in good weather, it is recommended to do morning exercises in the air, which provides the best healing effect.

When conducting morning exercises indoors, it is necessary to follow hygienic rules - the room must be well ventilated, fresh air must be provided, and the carpet must be clean. Children exercise in lightweight clothing that does not restrict movement and breathing. There is no point in changing into physical education uniform, since the duration of gymnastics is short, especially for young children (6-8 minutes). Shoes for classes should be light - Czechs, sports sneakers. It is allowed to perform exercises in socks, provided that the floor surface is not slippery. If there are no medical contraindications and the room has comfortable conditions - heated floors, children can exercise barefoot.

The exercises used in morning exercises should be simple and familiar to children, learned in physical education classes, and some in music classes or in free time in a group. “Dry” gymnastics with simply demonstrating movements and performing them on a verbal command and counting is not suitable for preschoolers. This is especially true for children, whose entire development is carried out through play. Therefore, exercises at this age are playful and imitative in nature.

Morning exercises can be performed with musical accompaniment. Music simultaneously regulates the tempo and rhythm of movements, thereby facilitating clearer and more correct execution of the exercise, evokes positive emotions and creates a cheerful mood. It should be noted that almost all children can do morning exercises.

OBJECTIVES OF MORNING GYMNASTICS

In addition to health benefits, morning exercises can solve educational and educational problems. Educational objectives include consolidating motor skills and abilities. It is necessary to clarify that this is more typical for children of older preschool age, since the motor experience of a child 3-4 years old is very small, while children 5-7 years old are already familiar with many types of walking, running, jumping, which they study in physical education classes .

But consolidating concepts from other areas of knowledge can also be done for kids. For example, consolidating the count (counting jumps: “One, two, three, four, five - we will jump again”; “One, two, three - freeze”; “One, two, three, four, five, six - we want sit down”; “One, two, three, four, five - we’d better walk”), knowledge about animals, natural phenomena, professions, etc., if the child is in the appropriate image when performing the exercise. Formation of the need for daily physical exercise, development of the child’s aesthetic taste, subject to beautiful and correct demonstration to adults and musical accompaniment, selected in accordance with the nature of movements and age capabilities of children, are educational tasks.

Thus, morning exercises, if certain rules are followed, helps to solve certain problems in the physical and general development of children. Physical exercises in preschool age, when properly selected, contribute to the harmonious and timely development of all functional systems of the child’s body and are the foundation of the health of the future adult.

Application

Complex of morning exercises (younger age 3-4 years)

1. Introductory part.

Children follow each other in arcs and perform play exercises while moving:

- “On a level path” - walking to the rhythm of the poem (read by the teacher) with a change in direction in combination with different types of walking;

- “Giants” - walking on toes, arms raised up;

- “Gnomes” - walking in a half-squat, hands on knees, alternate with normal walking;

- “Planes” - running in all directions throughout the hall, stopping at the signal “Planes are landing” (fast running and switching to slow walking). The run is repeated;

- A ride in a car (to the text of the poem “The Machine” by A. Barto) - children run slowly in different directions, stopping at a signal (green flag - move, red - stop).

2. Final part.

Complex of morning exercises (average age 4-5 years)

1. Introductory part. Exercises with braids:

- I.p. - standing, legs slightly apart (narrow path, braid in lowered arms). Hands forward, hands up, pull the braid, return to IP. (8 times);

- I.p. — standing on his knees, a pigtail in his drunken hands. Hands forward, turn to the right (left), stand straight, return to IP. (4 times in each direction);

- I.p. - sitting cross-legged, with a pigtail behind his back. Hands up, pull the braid, bend forward, return to IP. (8 times);

- I.p. - lying on your back, straight arms with a pigtail behind your head. Raise your legs up, touch your knees with a pigtail (arms forward), return to the I.P. (6 times);

- I.p. — lying on your stomach, stretch your arms forward with a pigtail. Raise your arms, shoulders, head - inhale, return to standing position. - exhale (6 times);

- I.p. — o.s., the braid lies on the floor in front of the child. Jumping through a pigtail back and forth, legs together, alternating with walking in place, hands free (in two steps, 5 times each).

2. Final part.

Complex of morning exercises (senior age 5-6 years)

1. Introductory part . Exercises with sticks:

- I.p. - standing, legs slightly apart, hands with a stick below. The stick on the chest, forcefully lift it up onto the chest, etc. (8 times);

- I.p. - basic stance, stick in the right hand vertically with an overhand grip. 1-3

- circles with your right hand to the left behind your back; 4 - change hand. The same in the other direction (6 times);

- I.p. - feet shoulder-width apart, stick vertically with one end on the floor, hands on the upper end of the stick. 1-3 - grabbing the stick with your hands, bend down - exhale; 4 - reverse movement - inhale (4 times);

- I.p. - basic stance, stick horizontally at the bottom in both hands. 1-2 - move your leg over the stick; 3-4 - i.p. the same with the other leg (4 times);

- I.p. - kneeling, legs apart, stick in hands below. Turn the body to the left, arms up, return to the position. the same in the other direction (4 times);

- I.p. - squat sideways to a stick lying on the floor. While pushing off, move your right leg over the stick (at each count), placing your left leg against it. Do the same in the opposite direction, then straighten up (4 times each);

- I.p. - basic stance, stick vertically with one end on the floor, hand on the upper end of the stick. Jumping on one leg around a stick, the same, but hold the stick with your left hand and jump on your left leg.

2. Final part.

Complex of morning exercises (children age 6-7 years)

1. Introductory part. Exercises with a racket.

- I.p. — o.s., racket in right hand. Spring step in place, arms arbitrarily (12 times);

- I.p. - oh, s., the racket is in the right hand. Half squat, transfer the racket in front of you to the other hand, return to the standing position. (5 times each);

- I.p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, racket in right hand, arms up. Half squat, turn your hands down, head down, etc. (4 times). The same, but the racket is in the left hand (4 times);

- I.p. - Same. Half squat, racket over head, etc. (8 times);

- I.p. - Same. Turn the torso to the left, the left hand forward, the right one swings, as when passing, etc., transfer the racket to the left hand (4 times with each hand);

- I.p. - basic stance, racket in the right hand. Lunge to the left, swing the racket, simulating a forward strike from below, etc., transfer the racket to the other hand (4 times with each hand);

- I.p. — o.s., racket in right hand. Step to the right with a turn around yourself, transfer the racket from hand to hand, etc. (8 times). The same in the other direction;

- I.p. — o.s., racket in right hand. Step forward, bend your knee, raise your left leg up, simulating a blow from below with your hand, etc. (8 times). The same with the other leg;

- I.p. - o.s., racket in front of you in your right hand. Step to the left, jump and transfer the racket to your left hand, pause. Same to the right.

2. Final part.

Visual materials for morning exercises

In order to create positive motivation for performing gymnastics, thematic pictures, toys, and decorative elements are used. The objects most often attractive to preschoolers are used during gymnastics in younger groups - with their help, children are more easily involved in a play situation. It is important to consider that children’s attention will first concentrate on toys and bright images, so there should be few visual materials. The teacher gives the children time to look at the attributes. Kids can be told that after a productive workout they will be able to play with the figures.

The above video of the exercise “Journey to Murland” perfectly shows how to decorate the space of the gym with thematic objects - interestingly and without overloading the attention of the kids.

As the children master general strengthening exercises, the teacher turns to wall posters. It is recommended to have sets of printed diagrams with exercises for different age groups in the sports corner. You can study the posters as a reminder of the order of movements of the exercise and the technique of execution.

Gallery: morning exercise complexes in pictures

Each row of pictures represents a diagram of the exercises

The poster schematically shows the order of performing exercises with a ball and hoop.

A wall poster reminds children of the starting position, procedure and motor technique of the “Clapping” exercise.

The poster will remind the children what starting position to take and how to exercise with cubes.

The image of a funny character on the poster will attract the attention of the youngest pupils

Doing exercises by repeating the cat's movements is much more fun.

The diagram for a separate exercise can be used to explain the technique in the middle and high groups (instead of showing it to the teacher)