Rights of the child and parents in kindergarten. Protecting the interests of preschool children

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Published: 08/14/2018

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Preschool education is a wonderful opportunity for a child to socialize, make friends and discover their talents and abilities. But only if his rights are properly respected by the kindergarten employees.

How does the state ensure the rights of a young citizen?
The child’s right to creative development
The right to games and proper rest within the preschool educational institution
The state protects the life and health of children in the kindergarten
Protection of interests
Examples of violation of rights in preschool educational institutions
Are there ways to find out about a violation of a child's rights?
Parents' rights

The parent must know what exactly the child has the right to claim while staying there in order to stop possible violations.

How does the state ensure the rights of a young citizen?

A small child, like any citizen of the country, has his own rights and freedoms, which are guaranteed by the state and should not be violated.

They are determined by the list of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation:

Convention on the Rights of the Child , signed by UN countries on November 20, 1989. Russia also signed this international document;
Federal Law-273 “On Education” dated December 29, 2012;
Federal Law-124 “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation” dated July 24, 1998;
Declaration of the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1959;
Family Code of the Russian Federation.

Before sending a child to a preschool educational institution (PED), parents should familiarize themselves with the basic rights of the child so that they are correctly implemented by the teaching staff of the kindergarten.

What is guaranteed for preschoolers?

We list the basic rights of a child in kindergarten for parents so that they can protect their children (if necessary). So, this is the right of the child:

To obtain an education, as well as to form and develop creative and physical abilities. Any preschool institution is obliged to provide additional educational activities for children. In addition to walks in the fresh air, games, the baby should be promoted in the direction of mental development. To achieve the goal, teachers working in kindergartens help children improve, gradually complicating the tasks they solve (even if at first glance they seem quite simple for adults). In the absence of developmental activities, there is reason to claim that the guarantee is violated. In our country there is a large-scale network of preschool educational institutions operating around the clock or during the daytime. Educational programs for preschoolers are being updated, and special Federal State Standards have been introduced to regulate the development of children in kindergartens.
To the game. Based on the development of the baby’s intellectual and creative abilities, one must also remember that play is important for a child. It is here that he acquires communication skills, so educators should pay special attention to variety, which children will not get bored with.
For health and life. Perhaps these are the basic rights of a child in kindergarten (for parents, these rights are the most important), because if they are not respected, the child’s life may be in serious danger. The Law “On Education” states that a preschool educational institution is obliged to guarantee the life and health of its students. If necessary, the baby must be provided with medical care, therefore, those child care institutions that do not have a medical office violate the guarantee of medical care, and therefore must be closed.
For protection from abuse. Teachers can often shout at, or even worse, hit children. This is completely unacceptable and must be stopped by both parents and the kindergarten administration.
To protect the needs and interests of the child. Children must be given due attention; toys and basic hygiene products must comply with all standards.
For quality food. The baby's body needs a sufficient, high-quality, complete flow of food throughout the day. If children are given products that have expired, the child's rights are violated, and parents can file a complaint with the prosecutor's office.

The child’s right to creative development

According to the Russian Law “On Education”, any child can apply for an individual approach in kindergarten, as well as the identification of his talents and their development. To do this, educators are required to carry out creative activities (drawing, modeling), which cannot be monotonous, and there must also be no discrimination based on the level of ability on the part of the teacher.

Important! The lack of developmental creative activities is a direct violation of the rights of a preschool child.

The right to games and proper rest within the preschool educational institution

In kindergartens, lessons are often held on the development of fine motor skills, where children do something with their own hands, and in other classes they learn letters, but a change in developmental activities and games is mandatory. In the process of games, kids also learn and prepare for adult life, acting out various situations and episodes of the life of adults.

There are federal educational standards that determine leisure options for children in kindergarten. At the same time, the teacher is not a person who simply observes - he implements and accompanies new games that develop children and at the same time allow them to relax.

“Studying” the phone or idle conversations with other staff shows the teacher as an employee indifferent to his duties. It often happens that in groups a TV is installed and children watch cartoons all day long. Of course, the teacher in this way relieves himself of the burden, but he also violates the preschooler’s rights to full-fledged active games.

For rest, the child should be provided with his own crib where he will sleep. This should be a comfortable place for him.

Getting ready for kindergarten

Russian reality is such that enrollment in a kindergarten often begins immediately after the baby is born, but a child can only enter the institution after reaching the age of three. The reason was the increase in the birth rate, as well as the closure of many preschool educational institutions during the destruction of the USSR. To solve the problem associated with the lack of space, new gardens are being built these days, but it is not yet expected to be completely eliminated.

To protect the fundamental right of a child in kindergarten, namely the child’s ability to attend this institution, the law established the obligation of authorities to provide children with a vacant place to receive preschool education. As soon as it’s your baby’s turn to decide on a deployment, various problems arise in the family. First of all, this is due to the fact that the child is waiting for a new stage in his life, he has anxious feelings, because it is not clear what exactly will happen in a new place, where there will be no father or mother next to him. The feelings of parents who expect their child to enter a preschool institution are much brighter. They feel concern, sadness, some fear, and excitement for their future “student.”

One of the serious issues that should not fall out of the sight of parents is the rights of the child in kindergarten. Not all modern mothers and fathers have a complete understanding of them. Although ignorance sometimes gives rise to very serious mental problems, which are very difficult to correct even after a few years. The content of the child’s rights is a problem that not every father or mother thinks about, while educators can take full advantage of it.

The state protects the life and health of children in the kindergarten

The state provides guarantees for the life and health of preschool pupils. This means that the garden must be designed and equipped taking into account safety standards.

The institution must have a medical office, where there is a medical worker who can provide first aid to the baby, as well as help cope with the first signs of illness. In addition, he can contact his parents if there is a reason, or call an ambulance.

If there is no such opportunity in the garden, there is a gross violation. In this case, the child’s right to health and life is neglected.

Educators are responsible for the safety of the child within the time he is in the kindergarten. If parents wish to pick up a child outside the established regime, this must be stipulated in the agreement with the preschool educational institution.

What is child abuse?

The definition of “abuse” includes beatings, sexual, emotional or physical violence (for example, yelling, insults, humiliation). In kindergartens, violations of this kind occur quite often, and teachers consider it normal to shout at children, call them ugly names, and slap them in the face. If you find out that a child’s rights are being violated (examples of such situations are common), that is, some kind of violence was used against the child, transfer him to another preschool institution.

Protection of interests

The preschool educational institution is a guarantor of satisfying the interests and needs of its students. Therefore, the following requirements must be met:

the institution must be equipped for games;
A positive microclimate is important in a children's team . Negative relationships between children are a direct consequence of the teacher’s shortcomings. The latter is obliged to provide the child with psychological comfort in the garden;
The preschool food supply must comply with SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 . These requirements apply to both public and private gardens.

Examples of violation of rights in preschool educational institutions

There are several fairly typical situations of violation of a child’s rights when entering kindergarten. For example:

The preschool educational institution denies the child the opportunity to take a vacant place due to the lack of necessary vaccinations . Parents have the right to make independent decisions regarding the health of their child, in particular, his vaccination;
The preschool educational institution refuses admission to the child due to lack of registration at the place of residence . A child can enter kindergarten even on the basis of a rental agreement for an apartment in the area of the preschool educational institution. They do not have the right to deny him the opportunity to attend a child care facility.

We also note possible situations of violation of rights in preschool educational institutions:

A teacher's rude, violent attitude towards a child, as well as sarcasm or shouting in his direction, is one of the most important violations of the rights of a small citizen. The teacher must be prepared for different behavior of the child, must be prepared and have the desire to work with such a child;
insufficient garden equipment or non-compliance of food with state standards . The kindergarten must provide items that the child will need to meet his everyday needs. The premises must be clean and safe;
The teacher's indifference to children is unacceptable . Children must be supervised both during the walk and in the group of the child care facility.

Children's rights: rules of dialogue with preschool employees

You need to talk to preschool employees correctly. Various kinds of excuses are possible on their part; find a worthy answer to them.

The parent suggested an excursion to the museum, the teacher refuses to participate, citing fatigue.
The teacher puts the baby in a corner, citing a broken cup after breakfast.
The teacher gave the boy a slap on the head, supposedly for his work, because before they could have given him a hard time, which means that such upbringing is normal.
According to the child, the teacher taped his mouth, because today such punishment has become fashionable among teachers, it is quite acceptable and not punishable for a teacher.

Are there ways to find out about a violation of a child's rights?

Parents are the main defenders of their child's rights. They must know his rights and monitor their proper implementation. But this is not so easy to do; the child may come up with unnecessary circumstances or, conversely, out of fear, try to hide the unpleasant fact of the violation. The latter can be used by a careless teacher to continue his free treatment of the baby. But there are still some ways:

a parent can talk confidentially with their child . If this does not help, play role-playing games where the child mirrors the teacher’s behavior;
anxiety, restlessness, tearfulness and nervousness should alert any parent . The child may also refuse to go to kindergarten. It is necessary to find out the reason, perhaps even through a psychologist;
Nowadays, parents of children from the same group often create a chat in instant messengers, where they can check with other parents about similar cases with their children in order to compare information. Before entering a particular kindergarten, you can communicate with parents in groups on social networks, collect feedback;
parents have the right not only to come to the children's institution before admission and inspect the group, but also to ask for food certificates . The teacher does not have the right to refuse the parent this. However, if this happens, the parent can file a complaint with the head of the preschool educational institution.