Reading fiction with children in the preparatory group of kindergarten

Goals and objectives of the teacher in classes on reading fiction

The educator faces important tasks: the upbringing, training and development of children. Fiction is the best assistant in solving problems. Each specific lesson should:

• train attention and memory,
• develop thinking and speech,
• cultivate interest in intellectual pursuits.

In addition, all the works of art studied are focused on different aspects of a child’s life. The most important for children of the preparatory group are:

• moral education,
• speech development,
• artistic and aesthetic development,
• social and communicative development,
• development of independence, self-service.

For example, the fairy tale “Little Khavroshechka” belongs to the field of moral education. The specific goal of the lesson may sound like this: “Cultivate a kind attitude towards each other.” The Russian folk tale “At the Command of the Pike” refers to the development of independence. By studying it, the educator can set himself the goal of “Explaining the importance of human labor.” Social and communicative development occurs when reading the work of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak “Medvedko”, the purpose of the lesson on this fairy tale is to introduce the world around us, the planet.

Reading in the pre-school group is given special attention

Reading fiction, discussion, situational conversation - this is how the goals set in the classroom are realized. The teacher does not explain the meaning of the fairy tale immediately after reading it - he gives the children the opportunity to figure it out on their own, helps the children see and understand the problem described, for example, through conversation.

Using a question-and-answer form of communication is the optimal way to develop verbal thinking in preschoolers.

For example, when studying the fairy tale “Geese and Swans”, you can include the following questions in the conversation:

1. Who is the story about?
2. Where are mother and father going?
3. What does a mother ask her daughter to do?
4. How did your daughter behave after her parents left for the city?
5. What happened to brother?
6. Who are geese-swans?
7. What decision does the girl make?
8. Why didn’t the stove, apple tree and milk river want to help the girl?
9. Where did the girl run?
10. Who did she see in the hut?
11. How did the girl manage to save her brother?
12. Why do the stove, apple tree and milk river help the girl on the way back?
13. Can it be that the stove, the apple tree and the milk river are talking to a girl?
14. Where can we find talking animals and talking objects?

A series of questions for a conversation should be structured logically: first, simple questions (based on content), then clarifying, interpretive ("Why..."), evaluative and creative.

It is important to remember that the lesson has one goal, but several tasks.

The teacher solves the following tasks at each lesson:

• educational,
• educational,
• developing.

For example, when studying the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower,” the following tasks must be solved. Educational: cultivate a kind attitude towards each other. Educational: introduce literature, develop coherent speech, develop listening comprehension of the text. Developmental: develop speech hearing, melodic-intonation side of speech.

Each lesson should have a unique topic and purpose; there may be a subtopic in addition to the main one. Using the example of the fairy tale “The Frog Princess,” we can determine the goal: “Develop the cognitive activity of children, teach to respect other people’s interests,” the topic “Listening to a fairy tale” and the subtopic “Obedience and self-will in a fairy tale...” (moral education). During the conversation, children should understand what obedience and self-will are, how they are expressed, what follows them, how to behave, etc. By motivating children to understand these issues on their own, the teacher will achieve his goal.

Children in the preparatory group should read not only fiction, but also scientific and educational literature

Reading in the preparatory group should be educational. The teacher, developing cognitive interest, raises a conscious reader who, during his school years, will independently motivate himself and read books with pleasure.

V. Kataev, “Seven-flowered flower”

This famous work by Valentin Petrovich Kataev, of course, is familiar to almost everyone from childhood. A cartoon was made for children based on this work. Let us briefly recall the content of the fairy tale. The girl Zhenya, at her mother’s request, went to the store to buy bagels, got distracted on the way, and an unfamiliar dog ate all the bagels. When Zhenya tried to catch up with her, she found herself in an unfamiliar place and began to cry. An old woman who came out to meet her gave her a magic flower with 7 petals. If you tear off a petal and say the right words, your wish will immediately come true. So the girl returned home.

Then she spent all her petals on all sorts of nonsense, except the last one. Having met a disabled boy in the park, Zhenya dedicated the last petal with a wish for the recovery of this stranger. After the magical effect of the flower, the boy jumped to his feet and ran with the girl to continue playing.

V. Kataev’s work “The Seven-Flower Flower” teaches children to understand the importance of human life and health in comparison with unnecessary whims, such as going to the North Pole, repairing a cup or ordering a whole bunch of toys.

Motivating preschoolers in the classroom

In pedagogy, there are four types of motivation for older preschoolers:

1. Gaming. It will help the child shift the focus away from the technical difficulties of the reading process. Didactic games: “Reading fables”, “The word is lost”, “Recognize the hero”.
2. Helping an adult. It is based on the desire to communicate with an adult, because he will approve and show interest in joint activities. For example: take images of fairy tale characters and ask the children to help you choose or draw outfits (a sundress for a fox, a shirt for a bear).
3. “Teach me.” It is based on the desire of every student to feel smart and capable. For example: if a child knows a fairy tale, tell him that you forgot the sequence of actions or do not understand the actions of the characters. This way he will be more confident in discussing the material being studied.
4. "With my own hands." Internal interest in making something as a gift for yourself or for your family. Drawings, crafts, postcards - all this can be done during reading lessons, but children must voice all their actions.

As a motivating start to a lesson in reading fiction, you can use games, illustrations to a work, riddles, or a problem situation. For example, when studying the Russian folk tale “The Fox and the Jug,” the teacher can show children pictures of a fox, a jug, a river, and use elements of theatricalization and games to develop intonation (fox exclamations).

Questions for conversation:

1. What is this tale about?
2. How did the fox get into the jug?
3. How did she talk to the jug at first?
4. What words did she say?
5. How did the fox start talking later?
6. What words did she say?
7. How does the fairy tale end?
8. What kind of fox is shown in this fairy tale and where can it be seen from?

To expand and enrich the vocabulary, you need to discuss the words: greed, stupidity, kindness.

Games to develop intonation:

• Guess the intonation
• Say it kindly
• Say it angrily.

When studying L. N. Tolstoy’s story “The Bone,” you can also use images of the main characters, plums, elements of theatricalization, and didactic games (“Brew compote”). Issues that need to be discussed with children: honesty, fighting temptation, love for family, ability to confess, tell the truth.

Materials for the introductory stage may be different, it all depends on the interest and imagination of the teacher. For example, when studying the Brothers Grimm fairy tale “Mistress Blizzard,” children will be attracted and motivated by music. When studying the Tatar folk tale “Three Daughters,” you can use riddles (about mother, sisters, squirrel, bee) to introduce the characters and include them in active activities.

• Who is the cutest in the world? Who do children love very much? I will answer the question directly: - Our dearest... (mother).
• Who loves both me and my brother, But loves to dress up more? - Very fashionable girl - My eldest... (sister).
• From branch to branch Jumps, frolics, Agile, agile, And not a bird. (Squirrel).
• Flew over the flowers, Flew over the fields. She buzzed merrily. I picked up some nectar. And she took the prey straight to her house... (bee).

For a lesson on the fairy tale “Puss in Boots” by C. Perrault, the teacher can take a cat toy and introduce it to the children as a guest.

The appearance of such a wonderful guest at the lesson will delight the children

Lesson structure

Each lesson with children must comply with the structure of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education and consist of the following parts:

1. Introductory part (creating motivation).
2. Creating a problematic situation.
3. Main part.
4. Activity analysis (after each activity).
5. Physical education session (one or more).
6. The final part (solving a problem situation).

When working with preschool children, you need to plan the lesson very competently. To make it as productive as possible, it is necessary to alternate different types of activities. In addition to reading fiction, you can use play, movement or communication activities.

You can not only read your favorite fairy tale, but also play it

For example, one of the mandatory elements of each lesson is physical education. It helps children take a break from vigorous activity, prevent fatigue, improve their emotional state, etc.

Forms of physical education sessions:

• general developmental exercises,
• outdoor game,
• didactic game with movements,
• dancing,
• movements while reading a poem.

In classes on reading fiction, the teacher can use any of the above forms, but most often movements while reading a poem are used as physical education.

An example of a physical education lesson for reading a poem

In addition, you need to draw up a time plan for the lesson. The teacher must remember that a lesson that lasts more than thirty minutes is ineffective.

The structure of a reading lesson and time plan for the senior group.

1. Introductory part. 1–2 minutes.
2. Creating a problematic situation. 2–3 minutes.
3. Main part. 23–25 minutes.
4. Final part. 2–3 minutes

Topic index

Card indexes of fiction are compiled according to different criteria. For example, on lexical topics: fruits/vegetables, trees, bread, seasons, mushrooms/berries, birds, domestic/wild animals, land/water, etc.

• D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak “Gray Neck”,
• N. Nosov “Cucumbers”,
• G. B. Oster “A Kitten Named Woof.”

You can also compile a card index on moral and patriotic education: homeland, society, family, friendship, holidays, citizen, etc.

• N. Nosov “Mishkina porridge”,
• D. Gabe “My Family”,
• Ya. Segel “How I was a mother.”

Safety may also be a criterion for combining works: fires, traffic rules, rules of behavior in nature, etc.

• A. Barto “Thunderstorm”,
• O. Smirnov “Steppe Fire”,
• G. Shalaeva “Do not eat unfamiliar berries in the forest.”

Also popular is the card index compiled by E.V. Shcherbakova according to the program “From birth to school”, ed. NOT. Veraxes. Criteria: educational areas.

From the field of moral education:

1. Russian folk tale "Kroshechka-Khavroshechka"
2. Russian folk tale "The Braggart Hare"
3. Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess"
4. B. Shergin “Rhymes”,
5. Russian folk tale "Sivka-burka"
6. Russian folk tale "Finist - the clear falcon"
7. V. Dragunsky “Childhood Friend”, “Top Down, Diagonally”,
8. S. Mikhalkov “What do you have?”
9. Nenets fairy tale "Cuckoo"
10. “Goldilocks” (translated from Czech by K. Paustovsky),
11. K. Chukovsky “Moidodyr”.

K. Chukovsky’s book “Moidodyr” must be studied at preschool educational institutions

Reading poetry during play activities

In theatrical productions such poetic works as: K. Aksakov, “Lizochek”, S. Marshak, “Cat’s House”, L. Levin, “Chest” are often played out.

During role-playing games, you can invite children to sing a lullaby. And on holidays (for example, Christmas) visit other groups and kindergarten classrooms, organizing costume caroling with a gift bag.

In addition to program works, children involuntarily memorize many poems during outdoor games or physical education sessions, which are held in their free time or to take a break from the static seat in class.

Table: lesson notes by K. V. Tovmasyan on the topic “Honesty in L. N. Tolstoy’s fairy tale “The Bone””

The teacher’s high-quality work in planning and during fiction reading classes is the key to the productive work of every child. Poems, riddles, didactic games - all this is necessary in the lesson, regardless of the chosen work. Classes in the preparatory group should be positive and exciting for all children, so tasks should be selected that are interesting and varied. This is the only way to instill in children a love of reading and literature.

Word games

Often in kindergarten, teachers organize literary quizzes. You can come up with a great variety of them. One of the options for the game could be guessing the name of a fairy tale from a short passage read. It is also recommended to play the game “Recognize the character in the fairy tale.” The teacher reads a passage or describes orally some literary character, and the children must name him correctly.

The next version of word games based on works of fiction are the games “Name the good characters and their qualities”, “Name the negative characters, why you don’t like them.”

You can retell or recognize a fairy tale using algorithms. For example, the teacher gives several key words in the correct order (these can be pictures), and the children use them to compose a fairy tale. You can even develop your imagination and come up with fairy tales yourself.

The game “Name What Is It?” will help you remember types of literature. The teacher reads an excerpt from a fairy tale, story or poem, and the children guess the type of literature.