The early development of a baby is a painstaking process that requires care and attention from parents. But its positive results in future training are difficult to underestimate. And mathematical calculation, the study of numbers and figures, is no exception. Therefore, every parent should know how to teach their child numbers in a short period. Simply and easily!
What to do if your child cannot remember numbers? How to help?
Our Masha is smart. Very smart and talented and... Well, you get the idea.
But I couldn’t remember the numbers! No matter how much they repeated it, or counted it, they stuck the stickers on - no use.
All the numbers for Masha were the same.
Stop!
"On one face"
Here it is! This turned out to be the main secret of Masha and many other children.
It's all about perception! It varies from person to person. Not only for children, by the way.
There are children for whom a one is a one, and a two is a two. Well, you know, like a donkey is a donkey, and a lamb is a lamb. You'd probably be surprised if your child couldn't tell the difference between a donkey and a ram, right?
And there are children for whom one, two, three and everything, everything, everything (as well as letters!) -
JUST FOR - KO - RYU - CHKI!
And now imagine. They give you a sheet of squiggles and say:
- This squiggle is called “one”, this one is “two”, and this one is actually the letter “a”! Do you remember everything? Repeat!
Introduced? Scary? That’s how it is for children who can’t remember numbers and letters.
Well, okay, there’s nothing scary about it now, because we’ve already come up with a solution that helped us learn first the letters and then the numbers.
Our “ABC of Little Poets” will help you learn the letters, and today we will tell you about
Mathematics for children 2–3 years old. Learning numbers and learning to count
Maria Khvorostova
Mathematics for children 2–3 years old. Learning numbers and learning to count
MATHEMATICS FOR CHILDREN 2-3 YEARS OLD. LEARNING NUMBERS AND LEARNING TO COUNT
Kids very actively explore the world around them and absorb new knowledge like a sponge. It is important to feed this attraction, but not to overload the child. The age of 2-3 years is the time to consolidate knowledge and get acquainted with colors, shapes and quantities. The task of parents is to help the child learn to understand numbers and represent them clearly. For example, what is “five pears”, is it more or less than three, etc. We have prepared interesting games for counting, comparison, and also for the relationship between numbers and objects. Open your child to the fascinating world of mathematics. Mathematics for children. Where to start learning numbers From the age of two, children's thinking develops at a rapid pace. Now is the time to introduce your child to simple math concepts and counting. Kids already know many geometric shapes and have an idea of shape and size. Educational games and exercises will help you become familiar with numbers and numbers.
If you study regularly, then by the age of three you will be able to develop your first mathematical skills: the baby will learn to count consistently from one to five; will understand the difference between the concepts “one” and “many”; will learn what the words “more, less, equally” mean, will get used to comparing groups of objects; remember the graphic image of the first five numbers, be able to recognize them on cards and compare them with the quantity; recognizes the “+” and “” signs, learns to perform simple addition and subtraction examples.
Mathematical game “One Many” By the age of 2, children already know the word “many” and understand what it means. It's time to teach your child to compare different numbers of objects. As a result of the game, the child should form an idea of how “one” differs from “many”. Give your child a basket with five balls or marbles. Ask: “What is in the basket? (balls). How many balls? (a lot of). I'll take one ball. You also take one ball. How many balls do you have? (one). Let's give one ball to the bear and one to the duckling. How many balls are left in the basket? (one). How much was it at the beginning of the game? (a lot of). “There were a lot of balls in the basket, but there was only one left. Now we will collect all the balls in the basket. Put your ball there. Take another ball from me. Take the balls from the bear and the duckling." The kid collects balls. “There was one ball in the basket, but how many are there now?” (a lot of). To consolidate the mathematical concepts of “one” and “many” in children’s memory, use everyday situations more often: “How many apples are on the table - one or many? (one). What about nuts? (a lot of)". Use cards with images of one or several familiar objects: fruits, vegetables, geometric shapes. First, ask your child to find pictures with one object. Then change the task: you need to show cards with many objects drawn.
We learn to compare “More, less, equal.” We continue to introduce the child to mathematics. Next up are games and exercises with comparison of aggregates. By comparing the number of objects, the child learns to determine the difference: less, more or the same. Butterflies on daisies Draw a row of five large daisies on a piece of paper. Cut out 5 paper butterflies or use ready-made ones. Place your child at the table and start the game. “Chamomiles grew in the meadow. How many are there? Let's do the math. Well done, three. Beautiful butterflies have arrived. Count how many butterflies? That's right, four. Each butterfly sat on a daisy (put three butterflies on the flowers, and the fourth next to them). Look, one butterfly was missing a flower. Think about why this happened? What do we have more, butterflies or daisies? Well done, there are more butterflies - 4, and fewer flowers - 3 (show cards with numbers). Repeat after me. Look, one butterfly has flown away. How much is left? That's right, 3. And flowers? Also 3. Now there are as many daisies as butterflies. Another butterfly has flown away. What are there more now, flowers or butterflies? More flowers, well done. How many daisies? Three. And there are 2 butterflies, one less. What needs to be done so that there are equal numbers of flowers and butterflies? That’s right, remove one chamomile.” When naming numbers, show cards with the required numbers. As the game progresses, ask your baby to repeat new words: more, less, equally, the same.
Bunnies with carrots . The game reinforces counting and quantitative comparison skills. Intended for children 2.5-3 years old. Our task is to teach kids how to establish equality between groups of objects. You will need images of five identical hares and five carrots, and a sheet of paper. Draw 2 parallel lines one below the other. The distance between them should be sufficient to accommodate the figures. Ask your child to place 4 bunnies on the top line and 5 carrots on the bottom line. Make sure that the figures are located exactly one below the other. This makes it easier for the child to determine the difference in the number of objects. Ask your child what is more: hares or carrots? Offer to count. What can be done to ensure that there are equal numbers of both? That's right, remove 1 carrot. And if you don’t remove the carrots, how can you make it equal? That's right, plant another bunny. How many hares are there now? Five. What about carrots? Five. What more? That's right, they are equal. Such games and exercises teach the child to operate with the concepts of “more, less, equal.”
Exercises to consolidate counting up to 5 . Start learning by consistently counting within five. Remember that the goal of the classes is to get your child interested in mathematics. To maintain interest, we learn to count casually. Let’s ask the child to help in the kitchen: “We’ll have lunch soon. Who will sit at the table? Anya one, dad two, mom three, grandfather 4, grandmother 5. Repeat after me. Help mom, get 5 large spoons from the tray so that everyone has one spoon.” Young children willingly imitate their mother's actions. By helping around the house, kids simultaneously strengthen their mental arithmetic skills. Show your little one how to count fingers. Children love rhyming counters: “One, two, three, four, five, let’s count our fingers!” Practice counting every chance you get. Count toys, spoons, fruits, animals in a book, cars in the yard. Don't forget that math for 2-3 year olds should be fun. Little children love entertaining games: 1. The dog wants to go for a walk, but Masha is sleeping. The dog wakes up the girl, jumps and barks: woof-woof! How many times did the dog bark? Show me on your fingers. Repeat in several variations. 2. The kitten calls its mother. Take a soft toy and say “meow” 4 times. How many times has the kitten meowed? You need to show 4 fingers. Teach your child to show numbers in different ways. Explain that the number 5 can be shown on one palm or in another way: 3 fingers on the right hand, and 2 on the left. This is how the baby learns that numbers are broken down into their component parts. This will help you solve addition and subtraction examples in the future.
Games for the ratio of numbers and objects. It is convenient to introduce your baby to numbers while walking. Show and name the numbers of houses, cars, apartments. This way, the child will quickly remember the graphic image and the names of the numbers. The next task is more difficult. You have to figure out how many objects are hidden behind each number. Place in a prominent place a table or cards with large numbers, supplemented by images of familiar objects in the required quantity.
The pictures must be uniform, for example, squares. One square will be drawn next to the number 1, two next to the number two, and so on. Draw your baby's attention to these images more often. Gradually, the child will understand the connection between numbers and the number of objects. Additionally, educational games and exercises will help.
Numbers and cubes . Show your child a card with the number 1 and ask for one cube. Continue until number 3. The child needs to count and bring the required number of cubes. Show how to complete the task. If no difficulties arise, proceed to counting to 5. With the help of a simple exercise, the baby will learn to correlate the number of objects with a number. It is convenient to use magnetic numbers that are attached to the refrigerator or a special board.
"Lost" . You will need numbers from 1 to 5 on cards or made of thick material. The game is played on a children's rug. Arrange piles of any small objects in advance: pebbles, nuts, balls.
Explain to your child that the numbers are lost, cannot find their place, and need help. Instruct your child to find the pile corresponding to each number and put the “lost” next to it. Fun exercise. We've had a good workout, it's time to do some exercises. Mom shows cards with numbers and gives tasks: number 3 you need to jump 3 times, squat 2 times and so on, until number 5.
First examples. Learning to add and subtract The baby already knows how to count to 5, correctly recognizes numbers, and knows the concepts of “more”, “less”, “equally”. It's time to get acquainted with the first arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, plus and minus signs. As before, we learn to count through the game.
To prepare your child for classes, introduce new words into everyday use: add, subtract, become more/less. Let’s say that while on a walk, a baby collects beautiful pebbles. Mom asks: “Show me, how many pebbles do you have? (3). I'll add one more, there will be more stones. How much did you get? (4). We put together 3 pebbles and 1 pebble. There are 4 in total. And if I take away 2 pebbles, how many will remain? (2). There are 2 fewer pebbles.” During classes, use 5 objects of the same type: nuts, candies, buttons or cubes. Prepare cards with numbers up to 5 and the signs “+” and “”. Mom tells the baby: “To learn to count like mom and dad, you need to know numbers and signs. We have already become familiar with the numbers. Today three main signs came to us. Their names are Plus, Minus and Equals." A truck pulls up, in the back there are cards with images of signs. “See how you can play with signs. Plus he likes to add everything up, he likes to add, to do more.” For your child to remember the name of the sign, read the rhyme: “Plus will help us play, add and add!” Place 2 cubes next to each other. Ask the baby: “How many cubes are there on the table? (2). Now I’ll put a Plus sign, and you add 1 more cube. Are there more or fewer cubes? (More). How much more? (On 1). Now let’s put the equal sign, it will show what we have done.” Place an “=” sign next to the last die. “How many cubes are there? (3)".
Children are introduced to subtraction in the same way. Use the rhyme “Minus loves to reduce, subtract and subtract!” If your child copes with tasks easily, make the task more difficult. Ask your child to show cards with numbers as they proceed. From this one step to classes with examples. As a result, the baby will learn that when adding, the number of objects increases, and when subtracting, it decreases.
the essence of the technique
How to help? Very simple! Let’s return to the essence of, let’s say, “trouble” (it’s terrible how I don’t like the word “problem”).
All the numbers look the same! This means we need to “come up with a face” for each number!
That is, the shape of each number should stop becoming a squiggle for the child, but should become special, memorable.
And, of course, it should be remembered not just like that, but along with the name.
We took all these conditions into account and came up with association poems. But the associations are not just with the number (you will find many of these), but also with the shape of the number. The name of the number is intentionally rhyming. Now one number cannot be confused with another.
Yes! In each picture, be sure to look with your child for exactly as much of something as the number indicates.
Important addition to the article dated April 16, 2019! Our final and complete version of the Verse Account is ready! Click here to go to the revised collection of Poems with coloring pages and copybooks
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How to teach your child numbers: games and exercises
First steps
First, show your child what a number looks like, explaining that this symbol stands for, for example, one. Then move on to entertainment: paint a number with your child, cut it out of paper, sculpt it from plasticine.
Next is training and testing. Has the child learned to distinguish a number from others? In order to find out this, there are corresponding exercises. For example, make cards of different shapes and colors, each with a number on it. Then ask the child, selecting cards one at a time, to put aside those on which the desired one is drawn. You can do the same with cubes or chips.
Magic “Poem Counting” technique
0 – zero
There is not a single steering wheel!
So this is the number ZERO!
1 – one
Thin nosed gentleman
There is always ONE standing like a pillar!
2 – two
The swan barely swam to us,
Turned into number two!
3 – three
Rub two rings
And you get the number three!
4 – four
This is a hanger in the apartment!
And also the number four!
5 – five
If the tail is rounded,
You will immediately become number five!
6 – six
Is there a tail on top of the circle?!
So this is number six!
7 – seven
The pole is completely askew!
The result is number seven!
8 – eight
We'll ask for a tumbler
Become number eight today!
